The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Effect of betaine on hepatic insulin resistance through FOXO1-induced NLRP3 inflammasome
In the present study, we attempted to elucidate whether molecular modulation of inflammation by betaine through the forkhead box O1 (FOXO1)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome improves insulin resistance. Betaine is a major water-soluble component of Lycium chinense. It mainly functions as an oxidative metabolite of choline by suppressing superoxide-induced free radicals by donating methyl groups. The FOXO1 transcription factor regulates various genes involved in cellular metabolic processes related to cell death as well as oxidative stress responses through binding to the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). (Source: The Journ...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 21, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Dae Hyun Kim, Seong Min Kim, Bonggi Lee, Eun Kyeong Lee, Ki Wung Chung, Kyoung Mi Moon, Hye Jin An, Kyung Mok Kim, Byung Pal Yu, Hae Young Chung Source Type: research

Brown adipose tissue activation by rutin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome in rat
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy that is characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary. However, there is a lack of effective treatment for PCOS at present because the pathologic cause of PCOS has not been elucidated. Although it has been known that brown adipose tissue transplantation ameliorates PCOS by activating endogenous BAT, BAT transplantation is not applicable in clinic. Therefore, BAT activation with natural compound could be an effective treatment strategy for PCOS patients. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 21, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tao Hu, Xiaoxue Yuan, Rongcai Ye, Huiqiao Zhou, Jun Lin, Chuanhai Zhang, Hanlin Zhang, Gang Wei, Meng Dong, Yuanyuan Huang, Wonchung Lim, Qingsong Liu, Hyuek Jong Lee, Wanzhu Jin Source Type: research

Long-term intake of a high protein diet increases liver triacylglycerol deposition pathways and hepatic signs of injury in rats
Intake of high protein (HP) diets has increased over the last years, mainly due to their popularity for body weight control. Liver is the main organ handling ingested macronutrients and it is associated with the beginning of different pathologies. We aimed to deepen our knowledge on molecular pathways affected by long-term intake of a HP diet. We performed a transcriptome analysis on liver of rats chronically fed with a casein-rich HP diet and analysed molecular parameters related to liver injury. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Rub én Díaz-Rúa, Jaap Keijer, Andreu Palou, Evert M. van Schothorst, Paula Oliver Source Type: research

Diet-dependent retinoid effects on liver gene expression include stellate and inflammation markers and parallel effects of the nuclear repressor, Shp
For mice, a maternal vitamin A (VA) deficient diet initiated from mid-gestation (GVAD) produces serum retinol deficiency in mature offspring. We hypothesize that the effects of GVAD arise from pre-weaning developmental changes. We compare the effect of this GVAD protocol in combination with a post-weaning high fat diet (HFD) or high carbohydrate diet (LF12). Each is compared to an equivalent VA sufficient combination. GVAD extensively decreased serum retinol and liver retinol, retinyl esters, and retinoid homeostasis genes (Lrat, Cyp26b1, and Cyp26a1). (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Meghan Maguire, Justin R. Bushkofsky, Michele Campaigne Larsen, Yee Hoon Foong, Sherry A. Tanumihardjo, Colin R. Jefcoate Source Type: research

Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma in vitro and in vivo
Curative treatment of patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor. There is an urgent need to develop more effective strategies for the chemoprevention of HCC. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a type of polyphenol present in the diet, especially from coffee, has many biological activities. Patients with viral hepatitis who drank coffee everyday experienced a reduction in the incidence of HCC. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of CGA on HCC. CGA inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro and the progression of HepG2 xenograft in vivo. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yuan Yan, Na Liu, Ni Hou, Lei Dong, Jie Li Source Type: research

Quercetin promotes motor and sensory function recovery following sciatic nerve-crush injury in C57BL/6 J mice
Injuries and diseases that occur in the nervous system are common and have few effective treatments. Previous studies have shown that quercetin has a therapeutic effect on nervous system injuries, but its potential effects on and mechanisms of action related to behavioral recovery and axonal regrowth have not been investigated. Here, we showed that quercetin administration promotes behavioral recovery following sciatic nerve-crush injury in mice. Long-term evaluation showed that mice administered 20 mg/Kg/d quercetin for 35 days had a greater sensorimotor recovery compared with all other treatment groups. (Source: The Jour...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 17, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ming-Ming Chen, Jing Qin, Shu-Jian Chen, Le-Meng Yao, Lu-Yong Zhang, Zhi-Qi Yin, Hong Liao Source Type: research

Reference intervals for serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and the ratio with 25-hydroxyvitamin D established using a newly developed LC –MS/MS method
We describe a LC –MS/MS method to determine: 1) the relationships between serum 24,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D; 2) serum reference intervals in healthy individuals; 3) the diagnostic accuracy of 24,25(OH)2D measurement as an indicator for vitamin D status; 4) 24,25(OH)2D cut-off value for clinically significant change be tween inadequate and sufficient 25(OH)D status. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 13, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jonathan C.Y. Tang, Holly Nicholls, Isabelle Piec, Christopher J. Washbourne, John J. Dutton, Sarah Jackson, Julie Greeves, William D. Fraser Source Type: research

Ablation of β, β-carotene-9′, 10′-oxygenase 2 remodels the hypothalamic metabolome leading to metabolic disorders in mice
β, β-carotene-9′,10′-oxygenase 2 (BCO2) is a protein localized to the inner membrane of mitochondria. It was initially discovered as an enzyme that catalyzes the asymmetric cleavage of carotenoids. Systemic depletion of BCO2 causes increased food intake and impaired hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. The aim of this current study was to determine the extent to which BCO2 exerts its role in hypothalamic nutrient metabolism and feeding behavior through remodeling the hypothalamic metabolome in mice. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 13, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xin Guo, Lei Wu, Yi Lyu, Winyoo Chowanadisai, Stephen L. Clarke, Edralin A. Lucas, Brenda J. Smith, Hui He, Weiqun Wang, Denis M. Medeiros, Dingbo Lin Source Type: research

The metabolic fate of isotopically labeled trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in humans
This study sought to quantitatively elucidate the metabolic fate of orally consumed TMAO in humans. As part of a crossover feeding study, healthy young men (n=40) consumed 50 mg deuterium-labeled methyl d9-TMAO (d9-TMAO), and enrichments of TMAO and its derivatives were measured in blood for 6 h, urine and stool, as well as skeletal muscle in a subset of men (n=6). (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 13, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Siraphat Taesuwan, Clara E. Cho, Olga V. Malysheva, Erica Bender, Julia H. King, Jian Yan, Anna E. Thalacker-Mercer, Marie A. Caudill Source Type: research

Murine diet-induced obesity remodels cardiac and liver mitochondrial phospholipid acyl chains with differential effects on respiratory enzyme activity
Cardiac phospholipids, notably cardiolipin, undergo acyl chain remodeling and/or loss of content in aging and cardiovascular diseases, which is postulated to mechanistically impair mitochondrial function. Less is known about how diet-induced obesity influences cardiac phospholipid acyl chain composition and thus mitochondrial responses. Here we first tested if a high fat diet remodeled murine cardiac mitochondrial phospholipid acyl chain composition and consequently disrupted membrane packing, supercomplex formation and respiratory enzyme activity. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 13, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: E. Madison Sullivan, Amy Fix, Miranda J. Crouch, Genevieve C. Sparagna, Tonya N. Zeczycki, David A. Brown, Saame Raza Shaikh Source Type: research

Effect of pistachio consumption on the modulation of urinary gut microbiota-related metabolites in pre-diabetic subjects
The specific nutritional composition of nuts could affect different metabolic pathways involved in a broad range of metabolic diseases. We therefore investigated whether chronic consumption of pistachio nuts modifies the urine metabolome in pre-diabetic subjects. We designed a randomized crossover clinical trial in 39 pre-diabetic subjects. Subjects consumed a pistachio-supplemented diet (PD, 50% carbohydrates, 33% fat, including 57g/d of pistachios daily) and a control diet (CD, 55% carbohydrates, 30% fat) for 4 months each, separated by a 2-week wash-out. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 11, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Pablo Hern ández-Alonso, Daniel Cañueto, Simona Giardina, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Nicolau Cañellas, Xavier Correig, Mònica Bulló Source Type: research

Gamma-tocotrienol profoundly alters sphingolipids in cancer cells by inhibition of dihydroceramide desaturase and possibly activation of sphingolipid hydrolysis during prolonged treatment
Vitamin E gamma-tocotrienol ( γTE) is known to have anticancer effects, but mechanisms underlying these actions are not clear. Here using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we show that γTE induced marked changes of sphingolipids including rapid elevation of dihydrosphingosine and dihydroceramides (dhCers) in vari ous types of cancer cells. The elevation of dihydrosphingolipids coincided with increased cellular stress, as indicated by JNK phosphorylation, and was prior to any sign of induction of apoptosis. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 11, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yumi Jang, Xiayu Rao, Qing Jiang Source Type: research

Vitamin D supplementation restores the blunted muscle protein synthesis response in deficient old rats through an impact on ectopic fat deposition
We investigated the impact of vitamin D deficiency and repletion on muscle anabolism in old rats. Animals were fed a control (1 IU vitamin D3/g, ctrl, n=20) or a vitamin D-depleted diet (0 IU, VDD, n=30) for 6 months. A subset was thereafter sacrificed in the control (ctrl6) and depleted groups (VDD6). Remaining control animals were kept for 3 additional months on the same diet (ctrl9) while a part of VDD rats continued on a depleted diet (VDD9) and another part was supplemented with vitamin D (5 IU, VDS9). (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 7, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: A Chanet, J Salles, C Guillet, C Giraudet, A Berry, V Patrac, C Domingues-Faria, C Tagliaferri, K Bouton, J Bertrand-Michel, M Van Dijk, M Jourdan, Y Luiking, S Verlaan, C Pouyet, P Denis, Y Boirie, S Walrand Source Type: research

Low-dose pollutant mixture triggers metabolic disturbances in female mice leading to common and specific features as compared to a high-fat-diet
Environmental pollutants are potential etiologic factors of obesity and diabetes that reach epidemic proportions worldwide. However, it is important to determine if pollutants could exert metabolic defects without directly inducing obesity. The metabolic disturbances triggered in non-obese mice lifelong exposed to a mixture of low-dose pollutants (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxine, polychlorinated biphenyl 153, diethylhexyl-phthalate, and bisphenol A) were compared with changes provoked by a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet not containing the pollutant mixture. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 7, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Emmanuel Labaronne, Claudie Pinteur, Nathalie Vega, Sandra Pesenti, Benoit Julien, Emmanuelle Meugnier-Fouilloux, Hubert Vidal, Danielle Naville, Brigitte Le Magueresse-Battistoni Source Type: research

Raspberry pomace alters cecal microbial activity and reduces secondary bile acids in rats fed a high-fat diet
The profile of bile acids (BA) largely depends on the enzymatic activity of the microbiota, but this can be modulated by the dietary addition of biologically active compounds, e.g., polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dietary raspberry pomace as a rich source of biologically active compounds on microbial activity and the BA profile in the caecum of rats fed a high-fat diet. Wistar rats were fed the standard diet AIN-93, a high-fat diet or a modified high-fat diet enriched with 7% different types of processed raspberry pomaces produced by standard grinding and fine...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - April 7, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bartosz Fotschki, Jerzy Ju śkiewicz, Adam Jurgoński, Neil Rigby, Michał Sójka, Krzysztof Kołodziejczyk, Alan Mackie, Zenon Zduńczyk Source Type: research