The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

High Molecular Weight Cocoa Procyanidins Possess Enhanced Insulin-Enhancing and Insulin Mimetic Activities in Human Primary Skeletal Muscle Cells Compared to Smaller Procyanidins
Dysregulation of glucose metabolism is a primary hallmark of metabolic disease (i.e. diabetes, obesity, etc.). Complementary non-pharmaceutical strategies are needed to prevent and/or ameliorate dysregulation of glucose metabolism and prevent progression from normoglycemia to prediabetes and type-2 diabetes across the lifespan. Cocoa compounds, particularly the procyanidins, have shown promise for improving insulin sensitivity and blood glucose homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cocoa procyanidins exert these functions remain poorly understood. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - October 10, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Suzanne M. Bowser, William T. Moore, Ryan P. McMillan, Melanie R. Dorenkott, Katheryn M. Goodrich, Liyun Ye, Sean F. O'Keefe, Matthew W. Hulver, Andrew P. Neilson Source Type: research

Vitamin E and caloric restriction promote hepatic homeostasis through expression of connexin 26, N-cad, E-cad, and cholesterol metabolism genes
Connexins (Cx) and cadherins (cad) are responsible for cell homeostasis. The Cx activity is directly related to cholesterol. The present work investigates whether vitamin E, with or without caloric restriction (CR), alters the mRNA expression of Cx26, Cx32, Cx43, N-cad, E-cad and α-SMA, and evaluates their relation to cholesterol metabolism in rat liver. Animals were divided into different groups: control with ad libitum diet (C); control + vitamin E (CV); caloric restriction to 60% of the intake of group C (CR); and the intake of group CR+vitamin E (RV). (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - October 10, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Leonardo Vin ícius Santolim, Maria Esméria Corezola do Amaral, José Luís Fachi, Maíra Felonato Mendes, Camila Andréa de Oliveira Source Type: research

Deletion of liver-specific STAT5 gene alters the expression of bile acid metabolism genes and reduces liver damage in lithogenic diet-fed mice
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) mediates growth hormone (GH) signals, which may control hepatic cholesterol uptake and bile acid metabolism. Deregulation of liver cholesterol homeostasis and bile acid metabolism may cause liver damage and cholesterol gallstone development. The purpose of this study was to understand the role of local STAT5 signaling in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism using liver-specific STAT5 knock-out (STAT5 LKO) mice on a normal diet and a cholesterol- and bile acid-containing lithogenic diet. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - October 10, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Myunggi Baik, Jangseon Kim, Min Yu Piao, Hyeok Joong Kang, Seung Ju Park, Sang Weon Na, Sung-Hoon Ahn, Jae-Hyuk Lee Source Type: research

Dietary calcium supplementation in adult rats reverts Brown adipose tissue dysfunction programmed by postnatal early overfeeding
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dysfunction is associated with obesity and its co-morbidities, such as hypertension, and the improvement of BAT function seems important for obesity management. Here we investigated the effects of dietary calcium supplementation on BAT autonomic nerve activity, sympathoadrenal function and cardiovascular parameters in adult obese rats that were raised in small litters (SL group). Three days after birth, SL litters were adjusted to 3 pups to induce early overfeeding. The control group remained with 10 pups/litter until weaning (NL group). (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - October 9, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: E.P.S. Concei ção, E.G. Moura, E. Oliveira, D.S. Guarda, M.S. Figueiredo, F.T. Quitete, C. Calvino, R.A. Miranda, P.C.F. Mathias, A.C. Manhães, P.C. Lisboa Source Type: research

Long-term administration of advanced glycation end product stimulates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and sparking the development of renal injury
The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and the enhanced interaction of AGE with their cellular receptor (RAGE) have been implicated in the progression of chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the AGE/RAGE-induced nephrotoxic effects are associated with inflammasome activation and endothelial dysfunction. Chronic renal injury was examined in BALB/c mice by the long-term administration of carbonyl-AGE for 16 weeks. Endothelial dysfunction was detected by measuring the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and the levels of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) ...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - October 9, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wan-Ju Yeh, Hsin-Yi Yang, Man-Hui Pai, Chi-Hao Wu, Jiun-Rong Chen Source Type: research

PPAR α protects against trans-fatty acid-containing diet-induced steatohepatitis
Consumption of trans-fatty acids (TFA), unsaturated fatty acids (FA) containing trans double bonds, is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and steatohepatitis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a master regulator of hepatic lipid homeostasis. To examine the contribution of PPARα to changes in liver phenotypes induced by TFA, two diets were used: a purified control diet and an isocaloric diet in which most of the soybean oil, a major source of FA in the diet, was replaced wi th TFA-rich shortening. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - October 9, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hu Xiao, Naoki Tanaka, Guo Ran, Lu Yu, Takero Nakajima, Frank J. Gonzalez, Toshifumi Aoyama Source Type: research

Western diet enhances intestinal tumorigenesis in Min/+ mice, associating with mucosal metabolic and inflammatory stress and loss of Apc heterozygosity
Western-type diet (WD) is a risk factor for colorectal cancer but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the interaction of WD and heterozygous mutation in the Apc gene on adenoma formation and metabolic and immunological changes in the histologically normal intestinal mucosa of ApcMin/+ (Min/+) mice. The diet used was high in saturated fat and low in calcium, vitamin D, fiber and folate. The number of adenomas was twofold higher in the WD mice compared to controls, but adenoma size, proliferation or apoptosis did not differ. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - October 9, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mikael Niku, Anne-Maria Pajari, Laura Sarantaus, Essi P äivärinta, Markus Storvik, Anu Heiman-Lindh, Santeri Suokas, Minna Nyström, Marja Mutanen Source Type: research

Theobromine upregulates cerebral brain-derived neurotrophic factor and facilitates motor learning in mice
Theobromine, which is a caffeine derivative, is the primary methylxanthine produced by Theobroma cacao. Theobromine works as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor to increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP activates the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), which is involved in a large variety of brain processes, including the induction of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF supports cell survival and neuronal functions, including learning and memory. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - October 7, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mitsugu Yoneda, Naotoshi Sugimoto, Masanori Katakura, Kentaro Matsuzaki, Hayate Tanigami, Akihiro Yachie, Takako Ohno-Shosaku, Osamu Shido Source Type: research

Niacin and its metabolites as master regulators of macrophage activation
Niacin is a broad-spectrum lipid-regulating drug used for clinical therapy of chronic high-grade inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms by which either niacin or the byproducts of its catabolism ameliorate these inflammatory diseases are not clear yet. Human circulating monocytes and mature macrophages were used to analyze the effects of niacin and its metabolites (NAM, NUA and 2-Pyr) on oxidative stress, plasticity and inflammatory response by using biochemical, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and western blot technologies. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - September 30, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: S Montserrat- de la Paz, MC Naranjo, S Lopez, R Abia, FJG Muriana, B Bermudez Source Type: research

High Fructose Corn Syrup-55 Consumption Alters Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Promotes Triglyceride Accumulation
High fructose corn syrup-55 (HFCS-55) has been suggested to be more lipogenic than sucrose which increases the risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidemia. The study objectives were to determine the effects of drinking different sugar-sweetened solutions on hepatic gene expression in relation to liver fatty acid composition and risk of NAFLD. Female rats were randomly assigned (n=7 rats/group) to drink water or water sweetened with either 13% (w/v) HFCS-55, sucrose or fructose for 8 weeks. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - September 29, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kaitlin Mock, Sundus Lateef, Vagner A. Benedito, Janet C. Tou Source Type: research

Chronic exposure to short chain fatty acids modulates transport and metabolism of microbiome-derived phenolics in human intestinal cells
Dietary fibre-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and phenolics produced by the gut microbiome have multiple effects on health. We have tested the hypothesis that long term exposure to physiological concentrations of SCFA can affect the transport and metabolism of (poly)phenols by the intestinal epithelium using the Caco-2 cell model. Metabolites and conjugates of hesperetin (HT) and ferulic acid (FA), gut-derived from dietary hesperidin and chlorogenic acid respectively, were quantified by LC –MS with authentic standards following transport across differentiated cell monolayers. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - September 29, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Evelien Van Rymenant, L ászló Abrankó, Sarka Tumova, Charlotte Grootaert, John Van Camp, Gary Williamson, Asimina Kerimi Source Type: research

Activation of autophagy and PPAR γ protect colon cancer cells against apoptosis induced by interactive effects of butyrate and DHA in a cell type-dependent manner: The role of cell differentiation
The short-chain and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibit anticancer properties and they may mutually interact within the colon. However, the molecular mechanisms of their action in colon cancer cells are still not fully understood. Our study focused on the mechanisms responsible for the diverse effects of sodium butyrate (NaBt), in particular when interacting with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in distinct colon cancer cell types, in which NaBt either induces cell differentiation or activates programmed cell death involving mitochondrial pathway. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - September 27, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zuzana Tylichov á, Nicol Straková, Jan Vondráček, Alena Hyršlová Vaculová, Alois Kozubík, Jiřina Hofmanová Source Type: research

Exogenous Fatty Acids and Niacin On Acute Prostaglandin D2 Production In Human Myeloid Cells
Niacin activates hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) receptor coupled to distal enzymes that results in the release of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). However, little is known on PGD2-producing cells and the role of dietary fatty acids in the regulation of PGD2 production. With the exception of neutrophils and monocytes, all cells but notably M-CSF macrophages exhibited a timely dependent PGD2 production upon niacin challenge. Short pre-treatment of M-CSF macrophages with autologous postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) induced the down-regulation of HCA2 gene and up-regulation of genes encoding cyclooxygenase ...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - September 25, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz, Beatriz Bermudez, Sergio Lopez, Maria C Naranjo, Yolanda Romero, Maria J Bando-Hidalgo, Rocio Abia, Francisco JG Muriana Source Type: research

Evaluating the effects of refined carbohydrate and fat diets with acute ethanol consumption using a mouse model of alcoholic liver injury
Alcoholism is a multifactorial and complex disorder responsible for 5.9% of deaths worldwide. Excessive consumption of ethanol (Et-OH) induces alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a condition comprising a spectrum of clinical signs and morphological changes, ranging from fatty liver (steatosis) to more severe forms of chronic liver injury. Secondary cofactors, such as nutritional and hepatotoxic co-morbid conditions, can also contribute to liver disease development. Here we investigated the effects in the progression of ALD following short term exposure to diets high in refined carbohydrates (HC), a high sugar and butter (HSB) h...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - September 21, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Juliana L. Gon çalves, Norinne Lacerda-Queiroz, Josiane F.L. Sabino, Pedro E. Marques, Izabela Galvão, Conrado O. Gamba, Geovanni D. Cassali, Luana M. de Carvalho, Daniel Almeida da Silva e Silva, Adaliene Versiani, Mauro M. Teixeira, Ana Maria Caetano Source Type: research

Eicosapentaenoic Acid Regulates Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism in High Fat Fed Mice and in Clonal Brown Adipocytes
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in energy expenditure through its specialized thermogenic function. Therefore, BAT activation may help prevent and/or treat obesity. Interestingly, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) also has the ability to differentiate into brown-like adipocytes and may potentially contribute to increased thermogenesis. We have previously reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Whether BAT mediates some of these beneficial effects of EPA has not been determined. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - September 21, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mandana Pahlavani, Fitia Razafimanjato, Latha Ramalingam, Nishan S. Kalupahana, Hanna Moussa, Shane Scoggin, Naima Moustaid-Moussa Source Type: research