The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Long-term treatment with nicotinamide induces glucose intolerance and skeletal muscle lipotoxicity in normal chow-fed mice: compared to diet-induced obesity
Nicotinamide (NAM), or vitamin B3, is an essential coenzyme for ATP synthesis and an inhibitor of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Recently, conflicting results were reported regarding the treatment of NAM in type 2 diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how long-term treatment with NAM at lower dose would affect insulin sensitivity in mice fed chow diet. We treated mice with NAM (100 mg/kg/day) and normal chow for 8 weeks. Strikingly, NAM induced glucose intolerance and skeletal muscle lipid accumulation in nonobese mice. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - August 3, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhengtang Qi, Jie Xia, Xiangli Xue, Qiang He, Liu Ji, Shuzhe Ding Source Type: research

Chronic rhein treatment improves recognition memory in high-fat diet-induced obese male mice
High-fat (HF) diet modulates gut microbiota and increases plasma concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is associated with obesity and its related low-grade inflammation and cognitive decline. Rhein is the main ingredient of the rhubarb plant which has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent for several millennia. However, the potential effects of rhein against HF diet-induced obesity and its associated alteration of gut microbiota, inflammation and cognitive decline have not been studied. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - August 3, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sen Wang, Xu-Feng Huang, Peng Zhang, Hongqin Wang, Qingsheng Zhanga, Shijia Yu, Yinghua Yu Source Type: research

Cranberry extract attenuates hepatic inflammation in high fat-fed obese mice
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) consumption has been associated with health beneficial effects. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a co-morbidity of obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract (CBE) on hepatic inflammation in high fat-fed obese C57BL/6J mice. Following dietary treatment with 0.8% CBE for 10weeks, we observed no change in body weight or visceral fat mass in CBE supplemented mice compared to high fat-fed control mice. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - August 3, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shannon L. Glisan, Caroline Ryan, Andrew P. Neilson, Joshua D. Lambert Source Type: research

Maternal Vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy affects vascularized islet development
Vitamin A deficiency is known to affect 20 million pregnant women worldwide. However, the prenatal effects of maternal vitamin A deficiency on pancreas development has not been clearly determined. The present study examined how maternal vitamin A deficiency affects fetal islet development. Vitamin-A deficient mice were generated by feeding female mice with a chemically-defined diet lacking vitamin A prior to mating as well as during pregnancy. We found that maternal vitamin-A deficiency during pregnancy affected fetal pancreas development. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - August 3, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chiao-Yun Chien, Hsuan-Shu Lee, Candy Hsin-Hua Cho, Kuo-I Lin, David Tosh, Ruei-Ren Wu, Wan-Yu Mao, Chia-Ning Shen Source Type: research

Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract Attenuates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation
In this study, adult Sprague –Dawley rats were exposed to intermittent chronic hypoxia for 4 weeks to mimic a severe HPH condition. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - August 2, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Haifeng Jin, Mingcheng Liu, Xin Zhang, Jinzhen Han, Yudong Wang, Yanchun Ding, Yuhui Yuan, Haixin Lei Source Type: research

Resveratrol improves TNF- α-induced endothelial dysfunction in a co-culture model of a Caco-2 with an endothelial cell line
The bioactivity of trans-Resveratrol (RSV), an important wine polyphenol, and of its metabolites was investigated in a more relevant setup comprising an in vitro co-culture cell model that combines intestinal absorption and conjugation with changes in endothelial function, which is primarily affected in cardiovascular diseases. Caco-2 and endothelial EA.hy926 cells were grown in a co-culture and Caco-2 cells were treated with RSV, in the co-culture and in two different sequential setups, for 4 h and 24 h. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - August 2, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Isabela Maia Toaldo, John Van Camp, Gerard Bryan Gonzales, Senem Kamiloglu, Marilde T. Bordignon-Luiz, Guy Smagghe, Katleen Raes, Esra Capanoglu, Charlotte Grootaert Source Type: research

Low-protein diet induces, whereas high-protein diet reduces hepatic FGF21 production in mice, but glucose and not amino acids upregulate FGF21 in cultured hepatocytes
This study aimed to investigate how dietary carbohydrates and proteins impact FGF21 production and how in turn, FGF21 is involved in the metabolic adaptation to changes in the carbohydrate and protein contents of the diet. For that purpose, we fed 25 male C57BL/6 mice diets composed of different protein and carbohydrate contents (normal-protein and carbohydrate diet (N=9, NPNC), low-protein high-carbohydrate diet (N=8, LPHC), high-protein low-carbohydrate diet (N=8, HPLC) for 3 weeks. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - July 24, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tristan Chalvon-Demersay, Patrick C. Even, Daniel Tom é, Catherine Chaumontet, Julien Piedcoq, Claire Gaudichon, Dalila Azzout-Marniche Source Type: research

Restriction of dietary methyl donors limits methionine availability and affects the partitioning of dietary methionine for creatine and phosphatidylcholine synthesis in the neonatal piglet
Methionine is required for protein synthesis and provides a methyl group for>50 critical transmethylation reactions including creatine and phosphatidylcholine synthesis as well as DNA and protein methylation. However, the availability of methionine depends on dietary sources as well as remethylation of demethylated methionine (ie. homocysteine) by the dietary methyl donors folate and choline (via betaine). By restricting dietary methyl supply, we aimed to determine the extent that dietary methyl donors contribute to methionine availability for protein synthesis and transmethylation reactions in neonatal piglets. (Source: T...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - July 8, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jason L. Robinson, Laura E. McBreairty, Edward W. Randell, Janet A. Brunton, Robert F. Bertolo Source Type: research

Maternal DHA Supplementation Protects Rat Offspring against Impairment of Learning and Memory Following Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid
Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) is known to play a critical role in postnatal brain development. However, there have been no studies investigating the preventive effect of DHA on prenatal valproic acid (VPA) -induced behavioral and molecular alterations in offspring. The present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects in offspring using maternal feeding of DHA to rats exposed to VPA in pregnancy. In the present study, rats were exposed to VPA on day 12.5 of pregnancy; DHA was administered at the dosages of 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg/day for three weeks from day 1 to 21 of pregnancy. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - July 8, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jingquan Gao, Hongmei Wu, Yonggang Cao, Shuang Liang, Caihong Sun, Peng Wang, Ji Wang, Hongli Sun, Lijie Wu Source Type: research

Longitudinal Evolution of True Protein, Amino Acids, and Bioactive Proteins in Breast Milk: A Developmental Perspective
The protein content of breast milk provides a foundation for estimating protein requirements of infants. Because it serves as a guideline for regulatory agencies issuing regulations for infant formula composition, it is critical that information on the protein content of breast milk is reliable. We have therefore carried out a meta-analysis of the protein and amino acid contents of breast milk and how they evolve during lactation. As several bioactive proteins are not completely digested in the infant and therefore represent “non-utilizable” protein, we evaluated the quantity, mechanism of action, and digestive fate of...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - June 20, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bo L önnerdal, Peter Erdmann, Sagar K. Thakkar, Julien Sauser, Frédéric Destaillats Source Type: research

Maternal Flaxseed Oil Intake During Lactation Changes Body Fat, Inflammatory Markers and Glucose Homeostasis in the Adult Progeny: Role of Gender Dimorphism
We evaluated maternal flaxseed oil intake during lactation on body composition, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and adipose tissue inflammation in male and female progeny at adulthood. Lactating rats were divided into: control 7% soybean oil (C); hyper 19% soybean oil (HS); and hyper 17% flaxseed oil+2% soybean oil (HF). Weaned pups received a standard diet. Offspring were killed in PN180. Male HF presented higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and triacylglycerol, and female HF showed insulin resistance. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - June 18, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Deysla Sabino Guarda, Egberto Gaspar de Moura, Janaíne Cavalcanti Carvalho, Adelina Martha dos Reis, Patricia Novaes Soares, Patricia Cristina Lisboa, Mariana Sarto Figueiredo Source Type: research

Addition of Aspirin to a Fish Oil Rich Diet Decreases Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Null Mice
Aspirin (ASA) is known to alter the production of potent inflammatory lipid mediators, but whether it interacts with omega-3 fatty acids (FA) from fish oil to affect atherosclerosis has not been determined. The goal was to investigate the impact of a fish oil enriched diet alone and in combination with ASA on the production of lipid mediators and atherosclerosis. ApoE−/− female mice were fed for 13weeks one of the four following diets: Omega-3 FA deficient (OD), Omega-3 FA Rich (OR) (1.8g Omega-3 FAs/kg · diet per day), Omega-3 FA Rich plus ASA (ORA) (0.1g ASA/kg · diet per day), or an Omega-3 FA deficient plus ASA (...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - June 18, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Alexander V. Sorokin, Zhi-Hong Yang, Boris L. Vaisman, Seth Thacker, Zu-Xi Yu, Maureen Sampson, Charles N. Serhan, Alan T. Remaley Source Type: research

Lactobacillus salivarius reverse diabetes-induced intestinal defense impairment in mice through non-defensin protein
Altered intestinal microbiota and subsequent endotoxemia play pathogenic roles in diabetes. We aimed to study the mechanisms of intestinal defense impairment in type 1 diabetes and the effects of Lactobacillus salivarius as well as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) supplementation on diabetes-induced bacterial translocation. Alterations in the enteric microbiome, expression of mucosal antibacterial proteins, and bacteria-killing activity of the intestinal mucosa in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and Ins2Akita mice were investigated. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - June 18, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Pei-Hsuan Chung, Ying-Ying Wu, Pei-Hsuan Chen, Chang-Phone Fung, Ching-Mei Hsu, Lee-Wei Chen Source Type: research