The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Soy protein concentrate mitigates markers of colonic inflammation and loss of gut barrier function in vitro and in vivo
Whereas a number of studies have examined the effects of soy isoflavones and tocopherols on colonic inflammation, few have examined soy protein. We determined the radical scavenging and cytoprotective effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) in vitro and its anti-inflammatory effects in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice. Cotreatment with SPC protected Caco-2 human colon cells from H2O2 induced cell death and mitigated intracellular oxidative stress. Treatment of differentiated Caco-2 cells with SPC blunted DSS-induced increases in monolayer permeability. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 26, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zachary T. Bitzer, Amy L. Wopperer, Benjamin J. Chrisfield, Ling Tao, Timothy K. Cooper, Jairam Vanamala, Ryan J. Elias, John E. Hayes, Joshua D. Lambert Source Type: research

Oleuropein Aglycone Enhances UCP1 Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Rats by Activating β-Adrenergic Signalling
Oleuropein is the pungent principle of raw olives. Oleuropein aglycone (OA) is a major phenolic compound in extra virgin olive oil and the absorbed form of oleuropein.We aimed to determine the mechanism underlying the nutritional effects of oleuropein and OA on interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) in rats with high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity by examining the agonistic activity of oleuropein and OA toward the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1).Four-week-old-male Sprague –Dawley rats were fed a HF (palm oil 30% wt:wt) diet alone or with oleuropein (HF-O, 1 g/kg diet) for 28 d. (S...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 22, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yuriko Oi-Kano, Yusaku Iwasaki, Toshiyuki Nakamura, Tatsuo Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Goto, Teruo Kawada, Kenichi Watanabe, Kazuo Iwai Source Type: research

Ginseng and obesity: Observations and understanding in cultured cells, animals and humans
Ginseng, a traditional medical herb, has been reported having beneficial effects in fatigue, heart diseases, diabetes, immune function and erectile dysfunction. In recent years, increasing investigations have been conducted on ginseng in preventing and treating of obesity, one of the major worldwide escalating public health concerns. However, the effect and the relevant mechanisms behind how ginseng works as an anti-obesity treatment are still controversial. In this review, we briefly discussed the chemical structures, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of ginseng and its major bioactive components ginsenosides. (Source: The ...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 22, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Longyun Zhang, Carlos Virgous, Hongwei Si Source Type: research

Salmosan ®, a β-galactomannan-rich product, in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum contributes to restore intestinal epithelial barrier function by modulation of cytokine production
Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) are mannose-rich substrates with several intestinal health-promoting properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential capacity of Salmosan ® (S-βGM), a β-galactomannan-rich MOS product, to restore epithelial barrier function independently from its capacity to reduce bacterial invasion. In addition, the combination of S-βGM with the proven probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) was also tested. Paracellular permeability was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in co-cultures of Caco-2 cells and macrophages (differentiated from THP-1 cells) stimulated wit...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 22, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: M Teresa Brufau, Joan Campo-Sabariz, Sergi Carn é, Ruth Ferrer, Raquel Martín-Venegas Source Type: research

Folate deficiency affects dendritic cell function and subsequent T helper cell differentiation
Insufficient folate status may be related to the increasing prevalence of immune- or inflammation-related chronic diseases. To investigate the effects of folate on immune regulation, we examined the impact of folate deficiency (FD) on dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function, and thus T helper (Th) cells differentiation. First, bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) were generated from BALB/c mice bone marrow cells cultured in folate-containing (F-BMDCs) or folate-deficient (FD-BMDCs) medium. FD-BMDC displayed more immature phenotype including reduced levels of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), co-stimulatory...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 18, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chi-Heng Wu, Tzu-Chien Huang, Bi-Fong Lin Source Type: research

High Fat Diet Induces Metabolic Changes and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Female Mouse Hearts
The objective of the present work was to study the metabolic phenotype and mitochondrial function associated to female sex and short-term high fat die t. 1H NMR spectra of mice heart extracts were analysed by mRMR variable selection and linear discriminant analysis was used to evaluate metabolic changes. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 14, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ignasi Barba, Elisabet Mir ó-Casas, José L. Torrecilla, Eulàlia Pladevall, Sergi Tejedor, Rubén Sebastián-Perez, Marisol Ruiz-Meana, José R. Berrendero, Antonio Cuevas, David García-Dorado Source Type: research

Polyphenolics from mango (Mangifera indica L.) suppress breast cancer ductal carcinoma in situ proliferation through activation of AMPK pathway and suppression of mTOR in athymic nude mice
The objective of this study was to assess the underlying mechanisms of mango polyphenol decreased cell proliferation and tumor volume in ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer. We hypothesized that mango polyphenols suppress signaling along the AKT/mTOR axis while upregulating AMPK. To test this hypothesis, mango polyphenols (0.8 mg gallic acid equivalents/day) and pyrogallol (0.2 mg/day) were administered for 4 weeks to mice xenografted with MCF10DCIS.com cells subcutaneously (n=10 per group). Tumor volumes were significantly decreased, both mango and pyrogallol groups displayed greater than 50% decreased volume compared ...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 14, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Matthew J. Nemec, Hyemee Kim, Alexandria B. Marciante, Ryan C. Barnes, Erik D. Hendrick, William H. Bisson, Stephen T. Talcott, Susanne U. Mertens-Talcott Source Type: research

Histone deacetylase 9 plays a role in the anti-fibrogenic effect of astaxanthin in hepatic stellate cells
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is critical for liver fibrosis development. Previously, we showed that astaxanthin (ASTX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, has anti-fibrogenic effects in LX-2 cells, a human HSC cell line. We sought to determine the effect of ASTX on HSC activation, and to identify molecular mediators that are critically involved in the processes. ASTX prevented the activation of mouse primary HSCs, as evidenced by attenuated induction of procollagen type I α1. In human primary HSCs, ASTX also inhibited transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-induced fibrogenic gene expression. (Source: The Journal of...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 11, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yue Yang, Minkyung Bae, Young-Ki Park, Yoojin Lee, Tho X. Pham, Swetha Rudraiah, Jos é Manautou, Sung I. Koo, Ji-Young Lee Source Type: research

Effect of Dry Tomato Peel Supplementation on Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Resistance, and Hepatic Markers in Mice Fed High-Saturated-Fat/High-Cholesterol Diets
Many studies have investigated the effect of crude tomato peel in vivo, but no studies have determined the dose-effect of dry tomato peel (DTP) on glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia induced by a high-saturated-fat diet in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of DTP on the levels of oxidative stress in mice fed a high-saturated-fat and cholesterol-rich diet for 12 weeks. The main outcomes are glucose and insulin tolerance, plasma lipids, and hepatic steatosis and inflammation. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 8, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sofiane Zidani, Amar Benakmoum, Ali Ammouche, Yasmine Benali, Anissa Bouhadef, Souheila Abbeddou Source Type: research

Intestinal multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 is down-regulated in fructose-fed rats
Expression and activity of jejunal multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were examined in fructose fed Wistar rats, an experimental model of metabolic syndrome. Animals were fed on (i) control diet or (ii) control diet plus 10% w/vol fructose in the drinking water. Mrp2 and the α class of GST proteins as well as their corresponding mRNAs were decreased, suggesting a transcriptional regulation by fructose. Confocal microscopy studies reaffirmed down-regulation of Mrp2. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 8, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: AS Londero, MR Arana, VG Perdomo, GN Tocchetti, F Zecchinati, CI Ghanem, ML Ruiz, JP Rigalli, AD Mottino, F Garc ía, SSM Villanueva Source Type: research

Linoleic acid causes greater weight gain than saturated fat without hypothalamic inflammation in the male mouse
The objective of this study was to determine the obesogenic potency of LA vs. saturated fatty acids, and the involvement of hypothalamic inflammation. Forty-eight mice were divided into 4 groups: low-fat or 3 high fat diets (HFD, 45% kcals from fat) with LA comprising 1%, 15%, and 22.5% of kilocalories, the balance being saturated fatty acids. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 3, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kyle J. Mamounis, Ali Yasrebi, Troy A. Roepke Source Type: research

A naturally occurring mixture of tocotrienols inhibits the growth of human prostate tumor, associated with epigenetic modifications of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27
Tocotrienols, members of the vitamin E family, have three unsaturated bonds in their side chains. Recently, it has been suggested the biological effects of tocotrienols may differ from that of tocopherols. Several in vitro studies have shown that tocotrienols have stronger anti-cancer effects than tocopherols. VCaP cell line used in this study is from a vertebral bone metastasis from a patient with prostate cancer. Eight-week-old male NCr( −/−) nude mice were subcutaneously injected with VCaP-luc cells in matrigel and then administered a tocotrienol mixture for 8 weeks. (Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry)
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 3, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ying Huang, Renyi Wu, Zheng-Yuan Su, Yue Guo, Xi Zheng, Chung S. Yang, Ah-Ng Kong Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Human milk oligosaccharide effects on intestinal function and inflammation after preterm birth in pigs
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) may mediate prebiotic and anti-inflammatory effects in newborns. This is particularly important for preterm infants who are highly susceptible to intestinal dysfunction and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We hypothesized that HMO supplementation of infant formula (IF) improves intestinal function, bacterial colonization, and NEC resistance immediately after preterm birth, as tested in a preterm pig model. Mixtures of HMOs were investigated in intestinal epithelial cells and in preterm pigs (n=112) fed IF supplemented without (CON) or with a mixture of four HMOs (4-HMO) or>25 HMOs (25-HMO...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 2, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Stine O. Rasmussen, Lena Martin, Mette V. Østergaard, Silvia Rudloff, Michael Roggenbuck, Duc Ninh Nguyen, Per T. Sangild, Stine B. Bering Source Type: research

A high fat diet temporarily renders Sod1-deficient mice resistant to an oxidative insult
Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may subsequently develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) after suffering from a second insult, such as oxidative stress. Aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of the liver injury caused when lipids accumulate under conditions of intrinsic oxidative stress using mice that are deficient in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and the leptin receptor (Lepr). We established Sod1 −/−::Leprdb/db mice and carried out analyses of four groups of genetically modified mice, namely, wild type, Sod1−/−, Leprdb/db, and Sod1−/−::Leprdb/db mice. (Source: The...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 2, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Junitsu Ito, Naoki Ishii, Ryusuke Akihara, Jaeyong Lee, Toshihiro Kurahashi, Takujiro Homma, Ryo Kawasaki, Junichi Fujii Source Type: research

Liver BCATm transgenic mouse model reveals the important role of the liver in maintaining BCAA homeostasis
Unlike other amino acids, the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) largely bypass first pass liver degradation due to a lack of hepatocyte expression of the mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase (BCATm). This sets up interorgan shuttling of BCAAs and liver-skeletal muscle cooperation in BCAA catabolism. To explore whether complete liver catabolism of BCAAs may impact BCAA shuttling in peripheral tissues, the BCATm gene was stably introduced into mouse liver. Two transgenic mouse lines with low and high hepatocyte expression of the BCATm transgene (LivTg-LE and LivTg-HE) were created and used to measure liver and plas...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - November 1, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Elitsa A. Ananieva, Cynthia G. Van Horn, Meghan R. Jones, Susan M. Hutson Source Type: research