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Mechanical forces direct stem cell behaviour in development and regeneration
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, 728 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.108 Authors: Kyle H. Vining & David J. Mooney Stem cells and their local microenvironment, or niche, communicate through mechanical cues to regulate cell fate and cell behaviour and to guide developmental processes. During embryonic development, mechanical forces are involved in patterning and organogenesis. The physical environment of pluripotent stem cells regulates their self-renewal (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - November 8, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Kyle H. Vining David J. Mooney Tags: Review Source Type: research

Translation: Immature ribosomes under surveillance
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, 714 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.117 Author: Eytan Zlotorynski Ribosome subunits that fail to properly mature enter translation, cause translational stress and become targets of translation surveillance pathways. (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - November 8, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Eytan Zlotorynski Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

Forces as regulators of cell adhesions
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, 715 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.112 Author: Christopher S. Chen Christopher Chen highlights the early studies of mechanoregulation of cell–matrix adhesions that established mechanobiology as a cross-discplinary research field (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - November 2, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Christopher S. Chen Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

Mechanotransduction: Enforcing protein import
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, 713 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.114 Author: Paulina Strzyz Applying force to the nucleus reduces the diffusion barrier at nuclear pores and promotes nuclear import of certain proteins, including the transcription regulator YAP, depending on their molecular properties. (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - November 2, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Paulina Strzyz Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

Mechanobiology by the numbers: a close relationship between biology and physics
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, 711 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.109 Author: Ulrich S. Schwarz Studies of mechanobiology lie at the interface of various scientific disciplines from biology to physics. Accordingly, quantification and mathematical modelling have been instrumental in fuelling the progress in this rapidly developing research field, assisting experimental work on many levels. (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - November 2, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Ulrich S. Schwarz Tags: Comment Source Type: research

Transcription: Intragenic enhancers dampen gene expression
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, 714 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.111 Author: Katharine H. Wrighton Transcription of enhancer RNA at intragenic enhancers can attenuate the expression of the host gene. (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - October 25, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Katharine H. Wrighton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

Regulation of genome organization and gene expression by nuclear mechanotransduction
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, 717 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.101 Authors: Caroline Uhler & G. V. Shivashankar It is well established that cells sense chemical signals from their local microenvironment and transduce them to the nucleus to regulate gene expression programmes. Although a number of experiments have shown that mechanical cues can also modulate gene expression, the underlying mechanisms are far from (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - October 18, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Caroline Uhler G. V. Shivashankar Tags: Review Source Type: research

Emerging roles of linker histones in regulating chromatin structure and function
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 19, 192 (2018). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.94 Authors: Dmitry V. Fyodorov, Bing-Rui Zhou, Arthur I. Skoultchi & Yawen Bai Together with core histones, which make up the nucleosome, the linker histone (H1) is one of the five main histone protein families present in chromatin in eukaryotic cells. H1 binds to the nucleosome to form the next structural unit of metazoan chromatin, the chromatosome, which (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - October 11, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Dmitry V. Fyodorov Bing-Rui Zhou Arthur I. Skoultchi Yawen Bai Tags: Review Source Type: research

Codon optimality, bias and usage in translation and mRNA decay
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 19, 20 (2018). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.91 Authors: Gavin Hanson & Jeff Coller The advent of ribosome profiling and other tools to probe mRNA translation has revealed that codon bias — the uneven use of synonymous codons in the transcriptome — serves as a secondary genetic code: a code that guides the efficiency of protein production, the fidelity (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - October 11, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Gavin Hanson Jeff Coller Tags: Review Source Type: research

The discovery of catalytic RNA
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, 653 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.105 Author: John Abelson John Abelson recounts the discovery of self-splicing RNA. (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - October 11, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: John Abelson Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

Cell death: BCL-2 proteins feed their own expression
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, 652 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.106 Author: Paulina Strzyz Anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins can drive their own expression and promote cell survival by regulating Hedgehog signalling transcription activator GLI. (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - October 11, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Paulina Strzyz Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

AMPK: guardian of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 19, 121 (2018). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.95 Authors: Sébastien Herzig & Reuben J. Shaw Cells constantly adapt their metabolism to meet their energy needs and respond to nutrient availability. Eukaryotes have evolved a very sophisticated system to sense low cellular ATP levels via the serine/threonine kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex. Under conditions of low energy, AMPK phosphorylates specific (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - October 4, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: S é bastien Herzig Reuben J. Shaw Tags: Review Source Type: research

Biochemical and cellular properties of insulin receptor signalling
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 19, 31 (2018). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.89 Authors: Rebecca A. Haeusler, Timothy E. McGraw & Domenico Accili The mechanism of insulin action is a central theme in biology and medicine. In addition to the rather rare condition of insulin deficiency caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, genetic and acquired abnormalities of insulin action underlie the far more common conditions of type (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - October 4, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Rebecca A. Haeusler Timothy E. McGraw Domenico Accili Tags: Review Source Type: research

Piezos thrive under pressure: mechanically activated ion channels in health and disease
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, 771 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.92 Authors: Swetha E. Murthy, Adrienne E. Dubin & Ardem Patapoutian Cellular mechanotransduction, the process of translating mechanical forces into biological signals, is crucial for a wide range of physiological processes. A role for ion channels in sensing mechanical forces has been proposed for decades, but their identity in mammals remained largely elusive until the discovery (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - October 4, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Swetha E. Murthy Adrienne E. Dubin Ardem Patapoutian Tags: Review Source Type: research

Transcription: No proper rest in mitosis
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, 652 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.102 Author: Paulina Strzyz Low-level transcription persists during mitosis, and the reinstatement of robust gene expression occurs in a stepwise manner, starting with genes regulating cell organization and growth followed by the expression of cell type-specific genes. (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - October 4, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Paulina Strzyz Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research