Mechanisms of central tolerance for B cells
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 281 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.19
Author: David Nemazee
Immune tolerance hinders the potentially destructive responses of lymphocytes to host tissues. Tolerance is regulated at the stage of immature B cell development (central tolerance) by clonal deletion, involving apoptosis, and by receptor editing, which reprogrammes the specificity of B cells through secondary recombination of (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - April 3, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: David Nemazee Tags: Review Source Type: research
Finding order in chaos
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 280 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.20
Author: Linda Sherman
Linda Sherman describes a 1991 study by Hans-Georg Rammensee and colleagues that defines allele-specific motifs required for the binding of peptides to MHC molecules. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - April 3, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Linda Sherman Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
New insights into mononuclear phagocyte biology from the visual system
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 322 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.13
Authors: Nancy J. Reyes, Emily G. O'Koren & Daniel R. Saban
Major advances in mononuclear phagocyte biology have been made but key questions pertinent to their roles in health and disease remain, including in the visual system. One problem concerns how dendritic cells can trigger immune responses from certain tightly regulated immune- privileged sites of the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nancy J. Reyes Emily G. O'Koren Daniel R. Saban Tags: Review Source Type: research
Viral infections: Reinvigorating exhausted T cells in hepatitis B infection
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 218 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.35
Author: Megan Cully
During chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), T cells become exhausted, and their antiviral response is weakened. An article in Nature Medicine now shows that reducing mitochondrial dysfunction using mitochondrion-targeted antioxidants in CD8+ T cells from patients with chronic HBV infection (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Megan Cully Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
HIV: Marking the HIV hideout
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 218 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.33
Author: Elisabeth Kugelberg
CD32a is a cell surface marker for HIV-infected latent CD4+ T cells. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Elisabeth Kugelberg Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Viral infection: The mother of all viruses
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 216 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.30
Author: Yvonne Bordon
Pregnant mice show weaker immune responses to pandemic strains of influenza virus than non-pregnant mice, and this leads to the emergence of more virulent strains of influenza. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yvonne Bordon Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Immune regulation: Immune cell social networks
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 216 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.31
Author: Lucy Bird
High-resolution proteomics analysis of human immune cells reveals new social networks and establishes a framework for future study of intercellular communication. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lucy Bird Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
T cells: Successful checkpoint blockade requires positive co-stimulation
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 215 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.32
Author: Alexandra Flemming
PD1 inhibits T cell activation by suppressing co-stimulation through CD28, and anti-PD1 therapy requires CD28 stimulation for therapeutic efficacy. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Alexandra Flemming Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Liver macrophages in tissue homeostasis and disease
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 306 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.11
Authors: Oliver Krenkel & Frank Tacke
Macrophages represent a key cellular component of the liver, and are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and ensuring rapid responses to hepatic injury. Our understanding of liver macrophages has been revolutionized by the delineation of heterogeneous subsets of these cells. Kupffer cells are a self-sustaining, (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 20, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Oliver Krenkel Frank Tacke Tags: Review Source Type: research
Generation of diversity in thymic epithelial cells
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 295 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.12
Authors: Yousuke Takahama, Izumi Ohigashi, Song Baik & Graham Anderson
In the thymus, diverse populations of thymic epithelial cells (TECs), including cortical and medullary TECs and their subpopulations, have distinct roles in coordinating the development and repertoire selection of functionally competent and self-tolerant T cells. Here, we review the expanding diversity in TEC subpopulations in (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 20, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yousuke Takahama Izumi Ohigashi Song Baik Graham Anderson Tags: Review Source Type: research
Liver macrophages in tissue homeostasis and disease
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 306 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.11
Authors: Oliver Krenkel & Frank Tacke
Macrophages represent a key cellular component of the liver, and are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and ensuring rapid responses to hepatic injury. Our understanding of liver macrophages has been revolutionized by the delineation of heterogeneous subsets of these cells. Kupffer cells are a self-sustaining, (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 20, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Oliver Krenkel Frank Tacke Tags: Review Source Type: research
Generation of diversity in thymic epithelial cells
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 295 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.12
Authors: Yousuke Takahama, Izumi Ohigashi, Song Baik & Graham Anderson
In the thymus, diverse populations of thymic epithelial cells (TECs), including cortical and medullary TECs and their subpopulations, have distinct roles in coordinating the development and repertoire selection of functionally competent and self-tolerant T cells. Here, we review the expanding diversity in TEC subpopulations in (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 20, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yousuke Takahama Izumi Ohigashi Song Baik Graham Anderson Tags: Review Source Type: research
Innate lymphoid cells: Circulating precursor for human ILCs
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 216 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.29
Author: Kirsty Minton
James Di Santo and colleagues identify a circulating multipotent precursor for human innate lymphoid cells. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 20, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kirsty Minton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Dying cells actively regulate adaptive immune responses
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 262 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.9
Authors: Nader Yatim, Sean Cullen & Matthew L. Albert
Dying cells have an important role in the initiation of CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity. The cross-presentation of antigens derived from dying cells enables dendritic cells to present exogenous tissue-restricted or tumour-restricted proteins on MHC class I molecules. Importantly, this pathway has been implicated (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - March 13, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nader Yatim Sean Cullen Matthew L. Albert Tags: Review Source Type: research
