Sex differences in immune responses
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 626 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.90
Authors: Sabra L. Klein & Katie L. Flanagan
Males and females differ in their immunological responses to foreign and self-antigens and show distinctions in innate and adaptive immune responses. Certain immunological sex differences are present throughout life, whereas others are only apparent after puberty and before reproductive senescence, suggesting that both genes and (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 21, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sabra L. Klein Katie L. Flanagan Tags: Review Source Type: research
Regulatory circuits of T cell function in cancer
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 599 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.80
Authors: Daniel E. Speiser, Ping-Chih Ho & Grégory Verdeil
Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy emphasizes the importance of understanding immune-regulatory pathways in tumours. Dysfunction of antitumour T cells may be due to mechanisms that are evolutionarily conserved or acquired by somatic mutations. The dysfunctional state of T cells has been termed 'exhaustion', on the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 15, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Daniel E. Speiser Ping-Chih Ho Gr égory Verdeil Tags: Review Source Type: research
Autoimmunity: Autoantibodies with a silver lining?
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 536 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.96
Author: Yvonne Bordon
Autoantibodies specific for type I IFNs can protect against type 1 diabetes. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 15, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yvonne Bordon Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Immunological aspects of intestinal mucus and mucins
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 639 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.88
Authors: Malin E. V. Johansson & Gunnar C. Hansson
A number of mechanisms ensure that the intestine is protected from pathogens and also against our own intestinal microbiota. The outermost of these is the secreted mucus, which entraps bacteria and prevents their translocation into the tissue. Mucus contains many immunomodulatory molecules and is largely (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 7, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Malin E. V. Johansson Gunnar C. Hansson Tags: Review Source Type: research
HIV: A recipe for inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 533 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.92
Author: Kirsty Minton
An immune profile associated with the production of broadly neutralizing antibodies is identified in HIV-1-infected individuals. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - August 7, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kirsty Minton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916): celebrating 100 years of cellular immunology and beyond
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 651 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.89
Authors: David M. Underhill, Siamon Gordon, Beat A. Imhof, Gabriel Núñez & Philippe Bousso
The year 2016 marks 100 years since the death of Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916), the Russian zoologist who pioneered the study of cellular immunology and who is widely credited with the discovery of phagocytosis, for which he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 31, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: David M. Underhill Siamon Gordon Beat A. Imhof Gabriel N úñez Philippe Bousso Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Regulation of pattern recognition receptor signalling in plants
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 537 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.77
Authors: Daniel Couto & Cyril Zipfel
Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a common feature of both animal and plant innate immune systems. In plants, PRR signalling is initiated at the cell surface by kinase complexes, resulting in the activation of immune responses that ward off microorganisms. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 31, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Daniel Couto Cyril Zipfel Tags: Review Source Type: research
Autoimmunity: Infection stimulates self-antigen presentation
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 534 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.91
Author: Elisabeth Kugelberg
Apoptosis of infected cells induces both pathogen-specific and self-reactive T helper 17 cells. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 31, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Elisabeth Kugelberg Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Mucosal immunology: Glial cells support ILC3s and gut defence
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 466 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.86
Author: Olive Leavy
Production of neurotrophic factors by enteric glial cells controls IL-22 production by ILC3s for barrier defence. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Olive Leavy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Neuroimmunology: Social support from the immune system
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 466 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.85
Author: Yvonne Bordon
Interferon-γ acts on inhibitory neurons to regulate social behaviour in mice (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yvonne Bordon Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Infectious diseases: Two-pronged attack on HIV
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 465 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.87
Author: Katie Kingwell
Two studies identify bispecific antibodies that show broad and potent neutralization of HIV in mouse models. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Katie Kingwell Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Discriminating self from non-self in nucleic acid sensing
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 566 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.78
Authors: Martin Schlee & Gunther Hartmann
Innate immunity against pathogens relies on an array of immune receptors to detect molecular patterns that are characteristic of the pathogens, including receptors that are specialized in the detection of foreign nucleic acids. In vertebrates, nucleic acid sensing is the dominant antiviral defence pathway. Stimulation (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 24, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Martin Schlee Gunther Hartmann Tags: Review Source Type: research
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: immune responses in protection and pathogenesis
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 581 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.72
Authors: Phillip Scott & Fernanda O. Novais
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major public health problem and causes a range of diseases from self-healing infections to chronic disfiguring disease. Currently, there is no vaccine for leishmaniasis, and drug therapy is often ineffective. Since the discovery of CD4+ T helper 1 (T (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 17, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Phillip Scott Fernanda O. Novais Tags: Review Source Type: research
Immunometabolism: Mitochondria adapt to bacteria
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 464 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.83
Author: Elisabeth Kugelberg
Macrophages adjust their mitochondrial respiratory functions in response to viable bacteria. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 17, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Elisabeth Kugelberg Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Immunometabolism: Innate sensing role for metabolic enzyme
Nature Reviews Immunology 16, 463 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nri.2016.84
Author: Yvonne Bordon
The glycolytic enzyme hexokinase can act as an innate sensor of bacterial sugars and trigger inflammasome activation. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 17, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yvonne Bordon Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
