Innate immunity: Alarmins rewire innate immunity in newborns
This study describes an important role for the endogenous alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 in protecting newborn infants from sepsis. Healthy newborns produce extremely high levels of S100 alarmins for the first five days of life; the authors found that these alarmins signal through TLR4 to (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yvonne Bordon Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Microbiota: Baby bugs can't stop the thugs...
This study shows that another contributing factor is the neonatal microbiota, which is less effective in mediating colonization resistance. Kim et al. colonized adult (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yvonne Bordon Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Asthma and allergy: Vitamin D primes neonatal immune system
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 467 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.82
Author: Yvonne Bordon
Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been linked to the development of childhood asthma, but most studies in this area have been observational. To directly examine how vitamin D status in pregnancy affects the neonatal immune system, Hornsby et al. analysed cord blood samples (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yvonne Bordon Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
The theory of disappearing microbiota and the epidemics of chronic diseases
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 461 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.77
Author: Martin J. Blaser
In recent decades, the incidence of many apparently unrelated chronic diseases has markedly increased. Here, I theorize that losses of particular bacterial species of our ancestral microbiota have altered the context in which immunological, metabolic and cognitive development occur in early life, which results in (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Martin J. Blaser Tags: Comment Source Type: research
Heterogeneity in tuberculosis
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 691 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.69
Authors: Anthony M. Cadena, Sarah M. Fortune & JoAnne L. Flynn
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), results in a range of clinical presentations in humans. Most infections manifest as a clinically asymptomatic, contained state that is termed latent TB infection (LTBI); a smaller subset of infected individuals present with symptomatic, (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 24, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Anthony M. Cadena Sarah M. Fortune JoAnne L. Flynn Tags: Review Source Type: research
Type 2 immunity: Hero turns villain in fatty liver
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 466 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.81
Author: Shimona Starling
Obesity associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with pro-fibrotic type 2 immune responses (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 17, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shimona Starling Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Cytoskeletal control of B cell responses to antigens
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 621 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.67
Author: Pavel Tolar
The actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell mechanics and has increasingly been implicated in the regulation of cell signalling. In B cells, the actin cytoskeleton is extensively coupled to B cell receptor (BCR) signalling pathways, and defects of the actin cytoskeleton can either promote or (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 10, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pavel Tolar Tags: Review Source Type: research
Haematopoiesis: Osteopontin skews lymphoid – myeloid balance
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 466 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.80
Author: Kirsty Minton
Intracellular and secreted isoforms of osteopontin differentially regulate myeloid progenitors and differentiated lymphoid cells, respectively, through pro- and anti-apoptotic effects. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 10, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kirsty Minton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Early life immunology: Fetal DCs — born to be mild
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 465 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.79
Author: Yvonne Bordon
Fetal dendritic cells suppress pro-inflammatory T cell activity. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 10, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yvonne Bordon Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Mitochondrial control of immunity: beyond ATP
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 608 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.66
Authors: Manan M. Mehta, Samuel E. Weinberg & Navdeep S. Chandel
Mitochondria are important signalling organelles, and they dictate immunological fate. From T cells to macrophages, mitochondria form the nexus of the various metabolic pathways that define each immune cell subset. In this central position, mitochondria help to control the various metabolic decision points that determine (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - July 3, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Manan M. Mehta Samuel E. Weinberg Navdeep S. Chandel Tags: Review Source Type: research
T cells: Staying alive with S1P
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 404 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.73
Author: Yvonne Bordon
Sphingosine 1-phosphate promotes naive T cell survival by supporting their mitochondrial function. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - June 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yvonne Bordon Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Antiviral immunity: IFN λ offers frontline protection
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 404 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.70
Author: Kirsty Minton
Lambda interferons have a non-redundant role in protecting airway epithelial cells from influenza A virus infection without inducing immunopathology. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - June 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kirsty Minton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Germinal centres: An ephrin B1-based guidance system
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 403 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.71
Author: Lucy Bird
Ephrin B1 controls T follicular helper cell residence and function in germinal centres. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - June 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lucy Bird Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Regulatory T cells: Keep your hair on
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 402 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.72
Author: Shimona Starling
Regulatory T cells modulate the hair follicle regeneration cycle by inducing stem cell proliferation and differentiation. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - June 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shimona Starling Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Translation inhibition and stress granules in the antiviral immune response
Nature Reviews Immunology 17, 647 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nri.2017.63
Authors: Craig McCormick & Denys A. Khaperskyy
Efficient viral gene expression is threatened by cellular stress response programmes that rapidly reprioritize the translation machinery in response to varied environmental assaults, including virus infection. This results in inhibition of bulk synthesis of housekeeping proteins and causes the aggregation of messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes into (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology)
Source: Nature Reviews Immunology - June 26, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Craig McCormick Denys A. Khaperskyy Tags: Review Source Type: research
