Identification of the WNK-SPAK/OSR1 Signaling Pathway in Rodent and Human Lenses [Lens]
Conclusions.
Our results show that the WNK 1, 3, 4, OSR1, and SPAK signaling system known to play a role in regulating the phosphorylation status, and hence activity of the CCCs in other tissues, is also present in the rat and human lenses. The increased susceptibility of SPAK lenses to opacification suggests that disruption of this signaling pathway may compromise the ability of the lens to control its volume, and its ability to maintain its transparency. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 13, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Vorontsova, I., Lam, L., Delpire, E., Lim, J., Donaldson, P. Tags: Lens Source Type: research
Correlation Between Light Levels and the Development of Deprivation Myopia [Visual Neuroscience]
Conclusions.
The level of protection from the development of FDM increases with increasing light intensity. Daily exposure to 40,000 lux almost completely prevents the onset of FDM and, once myopia is established, halts further progression. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 13, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Karouta, C., Ashby, R. S. Tags: Visual Neuroscience Source Type: research
Anterior Surface-Based Keratometry Compared With Scheimpflug Tomography-Based Total Corneal Astigmatism [Cornea]
Conclusions.
Total corneal astigmatism is overestimated by CASim-K in eyes with with-the-rule astigmatism and cannot be predicted safely in eyes that do not have with-the-rule astigmatism by anterior measurements only. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 13, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Tonn, B., Klaproth, O. K., Kohnen, T. Tags: Cornea Source Type: research
Henle Fiber Layer Phase Retardation Changes Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration [Multidisciplinary Ophthalmic Imaging]
Conclusions.
Phase retardation changes in the central macula indicate loss and/or structural alterations to central cone photoreceptors in nonexudative AMD patients. Scanning laser polarimetry imaging is a noninvasive method for quantifying cone photoreceptor changes associated with central macular disease. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 13, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: VanNasdale, D. A., Elsner, A. E., Peabody, T. D., Kohne, K. D., Malinovsky, V. E., Haggerty, B. P., Weber, A., Clark, C. A., Burns, S. A. Tags: Multidisciplinary Ophthalmic Imaging Source Type: research
Targeting the Fibronectin Type III Repeats in Tenascin-C Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Context of Posterior Capsular Opacification [Lens]
Conclusions.
Our data suggest that the TNfnIII 1-5 repeats play an important role in PCO pathology. The inhibition of EMT by TN64 is mediated by SMAD-independent, integrin–β-catenin–FAK signaling pathway, and is therefore proposed as a novel antifibrotic therapeutic candidate. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 13, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Tiwari, A., Ram, J., Luthra-Guptasarma, M. Tags: Lens Source Type: research
Relationships of Retinal Structure and Humphrey 24-2 Visual Field Thresholds in Patients With Glaucoma [Retina]
Conclusions.
Predicting individual 24-2 visual field thresholds from structural information derived from nine-field SD-OCT local NFL and GCL+IPL thicknesses using the RGC-AC concept is feasible, showing the potential for the predictive ability of SD-OCT structural information for visual function. Ultimately, it may be feasible to complement and reduce the burden of subjective visual field testing in glaucoma patients with predicted function derived objectively from OCT. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 13, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Bogunović, H., Kwon, Y. H., Rashid, A., Lee, K., Critser, D. B., Garvin, M. K., Sonka, M., Abramoff, M. D. Tags: Retina Source Type: research
Pioglitazone Restores IGFBP-3 Levels Through DNA PK in Retinal Endothelial Cells Cultured in Hyperglycemic Conditions [Retinal Cell Biology]
Conclusions.
Our findings suggest that pioglitazone mediates regulation of IGFBP-3 via activation of PKA/DNA PK pathway in hyperglycemic retinal endothelial cells. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 13, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Thakran, S., Zhang, Q., Morales-Tirado, V., Steinle, J. J. Tags: Retinal Cell Biology Source Type: research
Long-Term Effects of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia on Structural and Physiological Integrity of the Eye and Visual Pathway by Multimodal MRI [Multidisciplinary Ophthalmic Imaging]
Conclusions.
High-field, multimodal MRI demonstrated in vivo the long-term structural and physiological deficits in the eye and brain's visual pathways after unilateral neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. The remaining retinocollicular and retinogeniculate pathways appeared to be more vulnerable to anterograde degeneration from eye injury than retrograde, transsynaptic degeneration from visual cortex injury. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 13, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Chan, K. C., Kancherla, S., Fan, S.-J., Wu, E. X. Tags: Multidisciplinary Ophthalmic Imaging Source Type: research
Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation and Association With Visual Function in Age-Related Macular Degeneration [Retina]
Conclusions.
Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation is a safe strategy for improving visual performance of AMD patients, which mainly showed in a dose-response relationship. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 9, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Liu, R., Wang, T., Zhang, B., Qin, L., Wu, C., Li, Q., Ma, L. Tags: Retina Source Type: research
Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A Is Expressed in Mouse Retina by Muller Cells and Impacts Neovascularization in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy [Retinal Cell Biology]
Conclusions.
Retinal and Müller cell SP-A is up-regulated via the NFB pathway and up-regulated during the hypoxia phase of OIR. Absence of SP-A attenuates NV in the OIR model. Thus SP-A may be a marker of retinal inflammation during NV. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 9, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Bhatti, F., Ball, G., Hobbs, R., Linens, A., Munzar, S., Akram, R., Barber, A. J., Anderson, M., Elliott, M., Edwards, M. Tags: Retinal Cell Biology Source Type: research
Regulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Expression in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy [Retina]
Conclusions.
In total, these findings illustrate the complexity of translational and transcriptional regulation of FGF2 protein expression in OIR. The augmentation of FGF2 expression and reduced optokinetic responses during the resolution of surface vasculopathy may indicate a role for FGF2 in the maintenance of neuroretinal function in OIR/ROP. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 9, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Fang, L., Barber, A. J., Shenberger, J. S. Tags: Retina Source Type: research
Independent Active Contraction of Extraocular Muscle Compartments [Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Neuro-Ophthalmology]
Conclusions.
These data confirm passive tensile findings of mechanical independence of EOM compartments and extend results to active contraction. EOMs behave actively as if composed of mechanically independent parallel fiber bundles having different insertional targets, consistent with the active pulley and transverse compartmental hypotheses. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 9, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Shin, A., Yoo, L., Demer, J. L. Tags: Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Neuro-Ophthalmology Source Type: research
Longitudinal Change and Stability of Refractive, Keratometric, and Internal Astigmatism in Childhood [Visual Psychophysics and Physiological Optics]
Conclusions.
Cross-sectional data suggest the presence of a constant ATR contribution from internal astigmatism (0.60 D Cyl) that is close to the 0.50 D ATR constant reported by Javal and others. Highly astigmatic 3- to <11-year-old children and children older than age 11 years show a small (not clinically significant) increase in astigmatism with age. A negative correlation between changes in keratometric astigmatism and internal astigmatism suggests an active compensation that may contribute to the stability of astigmatism in Tohono O'odham children. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 9, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Harvey, E. M., Miller, J. M., Twelker, J. D., Sherrill, D. L. Tags: Visual Psychophysics and Physiological Optics Source Type: research
Corneal Inflammation After Miniature Keratoprosthesis Implantation [Cornea]
Conclusions.
Although the m-KPro device augments the inflammatory response in the cornea after its implantation, allogenicity (of the carrier tissue) is also a significant contributor to corneal inflammation. These data suggest that using syngeneic or decellularized corneal tissue as a Boston-KPro carrier could reduce the postoperative inflammation response. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 9, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Crnej, A., Omoto, M., Dohlman, T. H., Dohlman, C. H., Dana, R. Tags: Cornea Source Type: research
Genetic Background and Light-Dependent Progression of Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration in Prominin-1 Knockout Mice [Retina]
Conclusions.
These findings improve our understanding of the mechanism of cell death in Prominin-1–related disease and provide evidence that fenretinide may be worth studying in human disease. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 9, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Dellett, M., Sasai, N., Nishide, K., Becker, S., Papadaki, V., Limb, G. A., Moore, A. T., Kondo, T., Ohnuma, S.-i. Tags: Retina Source Type: research
