Neurobehavioral alterations and histopathological changes in brain and spinal cord of rats intoxicated with acrylamide
The aim of this project was to study the clinical manifestations, neurobehavioral, hematobiochemical, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and histopathological changes during acrylamide toxicity in rats. A total of 30 adult male Wistar rats were divided in 5 equal groups and received 0, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg body weight acrylamide as oral gavage, while group 5 was micronucleus (MN) control. Functional observational battery (FOB) parameters were studied at the 28th day of post treatment. Toxicological manifestations were evident in acrylamide-treated rats from 14th day onward. FOB revealed a significant change in central nervous...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Jangir, B. L., Mahaprabhu, R., Rahangadale, S., Bhandarkar, A. G., Kurkure, N. V. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Lead enhances fluoride influence on apoptotic processes in the HepG2 liver cell line
We examined hepatocytes from the liver cell line HepG2, incubated for 48 h with NaF, PbAc, and their mixture (NaF + PbAc), and used for measuring apoptosis, index of proliferation, and vitality of cells. Incubation of the hepatocytes with NaF or PbAc increased apoptosis, more when fluoride and Pb were used simultaneously. Vitality of the cells depended on the compound used and its concentration. Proliferation slightly increased and then decreased in a high fluoride environment; it decreased significantly after addition of Pb in a dose-dependent manner. When used together, fluoride inhibited the decreasing effect of Pb on c...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Gutowska, I., Baranowska-Bosiacka, I., Siwiec, E., Szczuko, M., Kolasa, A., Kondarewicz, A., Rybicka, M., Dunaj-Stanczyk, M., Wiernicki, I., Chlubek, D., Stachowska, E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Honeybees and honey as monitors for heavy metal contamination near thermal power plants in Mugla, Turkey
In the present work, 6 honeydew samples of known geographical and botanical origins and 11 honeybee samples were analyzed to detect possible contamination by the thermoelectric power plants in Mugla, Turkey. The contents of trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after application of microwave digestion. The samples from the thermal power plants, which were 10–22 km away from the hives, that did not cause pollution in honeydew honeys were also analyzed. The levels of copper, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc, manganese, iron, chromium, nickel, and aluminum were similar to the values found in othe...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Silici, S., Uluozlu, O. D., Tuzen, M., Soylak, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effect of different in vitro culture extracts of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) on toxic metabolites-producing strains
In conclusion, most of the extracts showed pronounced activities against all the pathogenic microbes. This is a preliminary work, and the minimum inhibitory concentration values needs to be further explored. Regenerated tissues of P. nigrum are a good source of biologically active metabolites for antimicrobial activities, and callus culture presented itself as a good candidate for such activities. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ahmad, N., Abbasi, B. H., Fazal, H. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Antifungal activity of essential oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides and the inhibition of aflatoxin B1 production in maize grain
The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal effect of the essential oil obtained from Ziziphora clinopodioides L on two fungi species including Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus using microdilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined for the essential oil at 10 different concentrations (i.e. 25,000, 12,500, 6250, 3125, 1562.5, 781.25, 390.625, 195.31, 97.65, and 48.82 µg/ml). Finally, the effect of the essential oil at six levels (6250, 3125, 1600, 800, 400, and 196 µg/ml) was investigated on the growth and activity...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Moghadam, H. D., Sani, A. M., Sangatash, M. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Subchronic dermal exposure to T-2 toxin produces cardiac toxicity in experimental Wistar rats
Our study aimed to determine the cardiac toxicities of T-2 toxin, a representative mycotoxin that frequently contaminates maize, cereals, and other agricultural products, harvested and stored under damp and cold conditions. Dermal exposure to T-2 toxin caused severe cardiotoxicity in experimental Wistar rats. Electrocardiography studies showed the conduction abnormalities including prolongation of the QT and corrected QT interval, shortening of the PR interval, and tachycardia. Biochemical studies also reported the toxicity of T-2 toxin. T-2 toxin induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats and characterized by significant (p <...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Chattopadhyay, P., Islam, J., Goyary, D., Agnihotri, A., Karmakar, S., Banerjee, S., Singh, L., Veer, V. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Evaluation of poisoning deaths in the Cukurova Region, Turkey, 2007-2011
Complications of substances detected in poisoning deaths are important in order to observe changes in poisoning patterns and to monitor effects of preventive work. The aim of the present study was to describe the characteristics of substances investigated and detected in poisoning deaths by Adana Group Authority of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Chemistry, Cukurova, Turkey, between 2007 and 2011 retrospectively. A total of 7681 examinations were performed, of which, 7% (n = 564) determined positive for at least one compound investigated. Ages of the cases ranged from 1 to 97 years (mean ± S...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Battal, D., Aktas, A., Sungur, M. A., Bilgin, N. G., Cekin, N. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
In vitro risk assessment of usnic acid
In conclusion, UA can be a new resource of therapeutics as recognized in this study with their nonmutagenic and antioxidant features. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Polat, Z., Aydın, E., Türkez, H., Aslan, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Biochemical and histopathological changes in liver of the Nile tilapia from Egyptian polluted lakes
The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of environmental contamination on oxidative stress and histopathologic biomarkers in liver of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, collected from four sites that differ in their extent of pollution load, including heavy metals: the southeast basin (SEB), main basin (MB), and northwest basin (NWB) of Lake Mariut as well as Boughaz El-Maadiya, a channel in Lake Edku. The SEB was the less-impacted site, and thus considered as a reference. High concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, iron, lead, zinc, and manganese) were detected in fish liver at sites with an...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Abdel-Moneim, A. M., Essawy, A. E., El-Din, N. K. B., El-Naggar, N. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Assessment of metal concentrations in commercially important fish species in Black Sea
In the present study, concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were measured in the muscle, gill, and gonads of the pelagic fish species Trachurus mediterraneus, Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus, and Sprattus sprattus that are important both commercially and for the ecosystems in the Black Sea. The samples were collected during 2011. The metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following an acid digestion. The highest concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were found in E. e...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Alkan, N., Alkan, A., Gedik, K., Fisher, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Combination of artificial neural network and genetic algorithm method for modeling of methylene blue adsorption onto wood sawdust from water samples
In this study, an experimental data-based artificial neural network model is constructed to describe the performance of sawdust solid-phase extraction method for various operating conditions. The pH, time, amount of sawdust, and temperature were the input variables, while the percentage of extraction of MB was the output. The optimum operating condition was then determined by genetic algorithm method. The optimized conditions were obtained as follows: 11.5, 22.0 min, 0.3 g, and 26.0°C for pH of the solution, extraction time, amount of adsorbent, and temperature, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the detecti...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Khajeh, M., Sarafraz-Yazdi, A., Natavan, Z. B. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Monocrotophos induced oxidative stress and alterations in brain dopamine and serotonin receptors in young rats
Human exposure to monocrotophos, an organophosphate pesticide, could occur due to its high use in agriculture to protect crops. Recently, we found that postlactational exposure to monocrotophos impaired cholinergic mechanisms in young rats and such changes persisted even after withdrawal of monocrotophos exposure. In continuation to this, the effect of monocrotophos on noncholinergic targets and role of oxidative stress in its neurotoxicity has been studied. Exposure of rats from postnatal day (PD)22 to PD49 to monocrotophos (0.50 or 1.0 mg kg–1 body weight, perorally) significantly impaired motor activity ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sankhwar, M. L., Yadav, R. S., Shukla, R. K., Singh, D., Ansari, R. W., Pant, A. B., Parmar, D., Khanna, V. K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Oral nanoparticulate curcumin combating arsenic-induced oxidative damage in kidney and brain of rats
Arsenic exposure through drinking water causes oxidative stress and tissue damage in the kidney and brain. Curcumin (CUR) is a good antioxidant with limited clinical application because of its hydrophobic nature and limited bioavailability, which can be overcome by the encapsulation of CUR with nanoparticles (NPs). The present study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of free CUR and NP-encapsulated CUR (CUR-NP) against sodium arsenite-induced renal and neuronal oxidative damage in rat. The CUR-NP prepared by emulsion technique and particle size ranged between 120 and 140 nm, with the mean particle size being 130.8 nm. R...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sankar, P., Telang, A. G., Kalaivanan, R., Karunakaran, V., Suresh, S., Kesavan, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Heavy metal bioaccumulation in sediment, common reed, algae, and blood worm from the Shoor river, Iran
Concentrations of 11 metals (cadmium, zinc, copper (Cu), vanadium (V), lead, magnesium (Mg), manganese, aluminum, iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), and nickel), and one metalloid (arsenic (As)) were measured in sediment, common reed (Phragmites australis), algae (Spirogyra sp.), and blood worm (Chironomus sp.) tissues of samples collected from the Shoor river. Samples were dried, acid digested, and the concentrations of metals were measured using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometer. A higher concentration of heavy metals was accumulated in Spirogyra and Chironomids than sediment and common reed. The high...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Hamidian, A. H., Zareh, M., Poorbagher, H., Vaziri, L., Ashrafi, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effect of feeding graded doses of citrinin on apoptosis and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats through the F1 generation
The objective of the present study was to study the effect of graded doses of citrinin (CIT) on apoptosis and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats till F1 generation. The animals were divided into four groups comprising 25 males and 25 females each, that is, group I: 1 ppm CIT; group II: 3 ppm CIT; group III: 5 ppm CIT; and group IV was kept as a control. The male and female animals of all the groups were kept separately and were fed basal rations containing the above-mentioned concentrations of CIT for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks, male and female animals of respective groups were kept for mating (one...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - March 3, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Singh, N. D., Sharma, A. K., Dwivedi, P., Leishangthem, G. D., Rahman, S., Reddy, J., Kumar, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
