The protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against toluene-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to examine the negative effects of toluene on kidney tissues and functions and to investigate the protective effects of CAPE against toluene-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. A total of 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of equal number in each. The rats in group I were the controls. Toluene was intraperitoneally injected into the rats in group II with a dose of 500 mg/kg. Rats in group III received CAPE daily while exposed to toluene. After 14 days of experimental period, all rats were killed by dec...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - December 31, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Meydan, S., Nacar, A., Oztürk, H. O., Tas, U., Köse, E., Zararsiz, I., Yılmaz, N., Kus, I. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Assessment of acute toxicity of carbofuran in Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836) at different temperature levels
Carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate; C12H15NO3) is one of the most toxic carbamate pesticides. For acute toxicity of carbofuran, juveniles of Macrobrachium olfersii were exposed to different concentrations of carbofuran using the static renewal method at different temperature levels (15, 20 and 25°C) at pH 7.0. The main purpose of the present study was to detect the acute toxicity of carbofuran to M. olfersii and investigate its effects on oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion; these tests have not been carried out in this species before. First, the acute toxicity – median leth...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - December 31, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Barbieri, E., Moreira, P., Luchini, L. A., Ruiz Hidalgo, K., Munoz, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Heavy metals accumulation in crab and shrimps from Pulicat lake, north Chennai coastal region, southeast coast of India
The accumulation of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) was examined in crab (Scylla serrata) and shrimps (Penaeus semisulcatus, Penaeus indicus, and Penaeus monodon) collected from Pulicat lake that receives effluents from industries located in north Chennai, southeast coast of India. The results showed limited difference between crab and prawns as well as significant variations between the organs. Pb is the highly accumulated metal in both crab and shrimps, except P. monodon. The highest metal concentration was mostly found in the liver followed by other organs. The conce...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - December 31, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Batvari, B. P. D., Sivakumar, S., Shanthi, K., Lee, K.-J., Oh, B.-T., Krishnamoorthy, R., Kamala-Kannan, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Study of the changes in life cycle parameters of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to fluorinated insecticide, cryolite
The study explored variations in the life cycle parameters in Drosophila melanogaster as a function of treatment with fluorinated insecticide, cryolite. Some of the life cycle parameters considered in this study were larval duration, pupal duration, and percentage of adult fly emergence in D. melanogaster of Oregon R strain. Freshly hatched first instar larvae were transferred to different dietary concentrations of the test chemical (5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, and 200 ppm). Larval duration, pupal duration, and the emergence of flies of both treated and control groups were recorded. Results obtained show a signifi...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Podder, S., Roy, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The chemoprotective effects of L-carnitine against genotoxicity induced by diazinon in rat blood lymphocyte
The purpose of this study was to assess the preventive effects of l-carnitine (LC) against DNA damage induced by diazinon (DZN) in rat blood lymphocytes. Animals were concurrently administered intraperitoneally with DZN in proper solvent (20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) and LC at three different doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 consecutive days. The positive control group received DZN at the same dose without LC. Twenty-four hour after last injection, 0.5 ml blood of each rat was received and cultured in culture medium for 44 h. The lymphocyte cultures were mitogenically stimulated with cytochalasin B for the evalua...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Shadboorestan, A., Shokrzadeh, M., Ahangar, N., Abdollahi, M., Omidi, M., Payam, S. S. H. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effects of tramadol, clonazepam, and their combination on brain mitochondrial complexes
In conclusion, tramadol but not clonazepam has been found to partially inhibit the activities of respiratory chain complexes I, III, and IV but not the activity of complex II and such inhibition occurred only at doses that exceeded the maximum recommended adult human daily therapeutic doses. This result explains the clinical and histopathological effects of tramadol, such as seizures and red neurons (marker for apoptosis), respectively. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Mohamed, T. M., Ghaffar, H. M. A., El Husseiny, R. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The metabolism of carbohydrates and lipid peroxidation in lead-exposed workers
The present study was undertaken to estimate the effect of occupational exposure to lead on the blood concentration of glucose and several enzymes involved in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. To estimate the degree of lipid peroxidation, the concentrations of conjugated dienes were determined.
The examined group included 145 healthy male employees of lead–zinc works. Taking into account the mean blood lead levels, the examined group was divided into two subgroups. The control group was composed of 36 healthy male administrative workers.
The markers of lead exposure were significan...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kasperczyk, A., Dobrakowski, M., Ostałowska, A., Zalejska-Fiolka, J., Birkner, E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The effects of Cetraria islandica and Pseudevernia furfuracea extracts in normal and diabetic rats
This study covers a previously unrecognized effects of Cetraria islandica (CIAE) and Pseudevernia furfuracea (PFAE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. In experimental design, control or diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with aqueous lichen extracts (250–500 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks starting at 72 h after STZ injection. On day 14, animals were anesthetized, metabolic and biochemical parameters were appreciated between control and treatment groups. The histopathology of kidney was examined using four different staining methods: hematoxylin–eosin (H&E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Masson tric...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Bakır, T. O., Geyikoglu, F., Colak, S., Türkez, H., Aslan, A., Bakır, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Assessment of estrogenic potential of di-n-butyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate in vivo
Phthalate compounds are widely used industrial chemicals; when incorporated into polyvinyl chloride, they are not covalently bound and released into the surrounding media. Some of them have estrogenic potential in vitro but data on in vivo studies are scanty. For the 3-day uterotrophic assay, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP;10 and 100 mg/kg), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP; 20 and 200 mg/kg), and diethylstilbestrol (DES, 40 µg/kg, positive control) were administered orally to immature female rats for three consecutive days from postnatal day (PND) 21. For the 20-day pubertal onset assay, DBP (10 and 20 mg/kg), BBP (20 and 200...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ahmad, R., Verma, Y., Gautam, A. K., Kumar, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Occupational and environmental lead exposure to adolescent workers in battery recycling workshops
Lead (Pb), as other environmental neurotoxicant substances, has the capability to interfere with many biochemical events present in cells throughout the body. In the present study, the environmental and occupational exposure to Pb has been assessed by analyzing the scalp hair samples of male adolescents aged 12–15 years, who have worked for the last 12–36 months in Pb battery recycling workshops (BRWs). For comparative purposes, gender and age-matched subjects living in the vicinity of recycling workshops as well as in areas without industrial activity were used as controls. The scalp hair samples were oxidized...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kazi, T. G., Shah, F., Afridi, H. I., Naeemullah, Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Anti-inflammatory activity of Heliotropium strigosum in animal models
The current project was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of crude extract of Heliotropium strigosum and its subsequent solvent fractions in post carrageenan-induced edema and post xylene-induced ear edema at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The results revealed marked attenuation of edema induced by carrageenan injection in a dose-dependent manner. The ethyl acetate fraction was most dominant with 73.33% inhibition followed by hexane fraction (70.66%). When the extracts were challenged against xylene-induced ear edema, again ethyl acetate and hexane fractions were most impressive with 38.21 and ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Khan, H., Khan, M. A., Gul, F., Hussain, S., Ashraf, N. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Synergistic effect of black tea and curcumin in improving the hepatotoxicity induced by aflatoxin B1 in rats
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic compound commonly found as a contaminant in human food. It is carcinogenic due its potential in inducing the oxidative stress and distortion of the most antioxidant enzymes. Since black tea possesses strong antioxidant activity, it protects cells and tissues against oxidative stress. Curcumin (CMN), a naturally occurring agent, has a combination of biological and pharmacological properties that include antioxidant activity. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the possible role of separate and mixed supplementation of black tea extract and CMN in the hepatotoxicity indu...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Alm-Eldeen, A. A., Mona, M. H., Shati, A. A., El-Mekkawy, H. I. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effects of phytate on thyroid gland of rats intoxicated with cadmium
The objective of the present study is to examine the potential prophylactic effects of phytic acid (PA) on thyroid hormones of male rats intoxicated with Cd. The male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I (control) was fed with the basal diet, group II was intoxicated with Cd in drinking water, groups III, IV, and V were intoxicated with Cd in drinking water and fed with the diet containing 3.5, 7, and 10 g of PA/kg, respectively. The results indicated that the serum calcium, iron (Fe), and total Fe binding capacity levels and serum T3 and T4 in Cd-treated rats of group II were decreased when compared with the...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Mohamed, T. M., Salama, A. F., Nimr, T. M. E., Gamal, D. M. E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Mutagenic assessment of three synthetic pyridine-diaryl ketone derivatives
Nowadays, there are increasing numbers of studies about synthetic chemicals according to the supply demands of bioactive chemicals. The current study aims to investigate genotoxic potential of bioactive synthetic pyridine compounds, phenyl-3-pyridinylmethanone (1), p-tolyl-3-pyridinylmethanone (2), and 4-methoxyphenyl-3-pyridinylmethanone (3), using Ames/Salmonella and Escherichia coli WP2 bacterial reversion mutagenicity test systems. The mutant bacterial tester strains sodium azide-sensitive Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, 9-aminoacridine-sensitive S. typhimurium TA1537, and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-sensitive ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ozkan, H., Gultekin, D. D., Sezen, S., Ozgeris, B., Gulluce, M., Tumer, F. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Amelioration of carbon tetrachloride-induced pulmonary toxicity with Oxalis corniculata
This research work was planned to investigate the antioxidant potential of methanolic crude extract of Oxalis corniculata (OCME) against lung injuries initiated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats at histological and biochemical level. A total of 42 female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly distributed in to seven groups and each group comprised of six rats. Experiment was completed in 22 days (10 doses at alternate days). Group I was not treated (control rats), while group II was administered with vehicles (olive oil and dimethyl sulfoxide), groups III, IV, and V were treated with 1 ml kg–1 body weight (b.w.) of C...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ahmad, B., Khan, M. R., Shah, N. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
