Musculoskeletal problems and fluoride exposure: A cross-sectional study among metal smelting workers
This study concludes that along with other predictors such as nature of work, posture at work and age of worker, exposure to fluoride also has significant role in the occurrence of musculoskeletal morbidity. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - August 24, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Saha, A., Mukherjee, A., Ravichandran, B. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Evaluation of genome damage in subjects occupationally exposed to possible carcinogens
In occupational exposures, populations are simultaneously exposed to a mixture of chemicals. We aimed to evaluate DNA damage due to possible carcinogen exposure (phenylhydrazine, ethylene oxide, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane) in lymphocytes of pharmaceutical industry workers from the same production line. Population comprised 16 subjects (9 females and 7 males) who were exposed to multiple chemicals for 8 months. Genome damage was assessed using alkaline comet assay, micronucleus assay, and comet assay coupled with fluorescent in situ hybridization (comet-FISH). After 8 months of exposure, the issue of irregular ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - August 24, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zeljezic, D., Mladinic, M., Kopjar, N., Radulovic, A. H. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effects of formaldehyde inhalation on humoral immunity and protective effect of Nigella sativa oil: An experimental study
Conclusion:
FA inhalation significantly increased acute antibody responses and C3 levels in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group. FA inhalation decreased the secondary immune response compared with the control group. Levels of acute antibody responses and complement following exposure to FA inhalation returned to normal following treatment with NS (immunoregulatory effect). However, NS did not affect the secondary immune response. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - August 24, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sapmaz, H. I., Sarsılmaz, M., Gödekmerdan, A., Ögetürk, M., Tas, U., Köse, E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
In vitro mechanistic study of endosulfan-induced spermatogenic cell apoptosis in the mouse
To investigate the mechanisms of endosulfan-induced reproductive toxicity, the spermatogenic cell lines (GC-1 spg) of mice were treated with 0, 6, 12, and 24 μg/ml endosulfan for 24 h in vitro. The results showed that endosulfan induced apoptosis as well as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species and damage of mitochondrial structure were considered as major factors to GC-1 spg cells apoptosis. We further examined the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in mitochondria pathway by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis as well as activities. The results showed that endosu...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - August 24, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Xu, Y., Wang, N., Shi, Z.-X., Li, Y.-B., Zhou, X.-Q., Sun, Z.-W. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Melatonin controlled apoptosis and protected the testes and sperm quality against bisphenol A-induced oxidative toxicity
In conclusion, melatonin protected against BPA-induced apoptosis by controlling Bcl-2 expression and ameliorating oxidative stress in the testes and sperm. Thus, melatonin is a promising pharmacological agent for preventing the potential reproductive toxicity of BPA following occupational or environmental exposures. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - August 24, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Othman, A. I., Edrees, G. M., El-Missiry, M. A., Ali, D. A., Aboel-Nour, M., Dabdoub, B. R. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The influence of organophosphate and carbamate on sperm chromatin and reproductive hormones among pesticide sprayers
This study is aimed at evaluating the association between occupational exposure to organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticides and semen quality as well as levels of reproductive and thyroid hormones of pesticide sprayers in Malihabad, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Thirty-five healthy men (unexposed group) and 64 male pesticide sprayers (exposed group) were recruited for clinical evaluation of fertility status. Fresh semen samples were evaluated for sperm quality and analyzed for DNA fragmentation index (DFI) by flow cytometry. Pesticide exposure was assessed by measuring erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and plasma...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Jamal, F., Haque, Q. S., Singh, S., Rastogi, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Orchiectomy attenuates oxidative stress induced by aluminum in rats
We reported that ORX rats treated with Al had significantly less lipid peroxidation and an increased level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio in the kidney when compared with intact and TP-treated ORX rats. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in ORX rats was much greater than in intact or TP-administered ORX rats. Castration reduced the glomerular alterations caused by Al as well as the number of necrotic tubular cells and nuclear abnormalities. However, we observed a slight alteration in brush border, dilation of proximal tubules, mononuclear infiltrates,...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Contini, M. d. C., Millen, N., Gonzalez, M., Benmelej, A., Fabro, A., Mahieu, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Influence of chronic cadmium exposure on the tissue distribution of copper and zinc and oxidative stress parameters in rats
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral cadmium (Cd) intoxication on the antioxidant response and its relationship with essential bioelements like copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). The experimental group was chronically exposed to Cd daily for 8 weeks via consumption of water containing 15 ppm cadmium chloride. Cu, Zn, and Cd concentrations and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in liver, kidney, and heart tissues. Exposure to Cd led to a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase in all considered samples while a significant increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase except ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Erdem, O., Yazihan, N., Kocak, M. K., Sayal, A., Akcil, E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Evaluating the toxic and beneficial effects of lichen extracts in normal and diabetic rats
In conclusion, the usage of C. islandica might serve for early intervening in the risk reduction of type 1 diabetes. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Colak, S., Geyikoglu, F., Bakır, T. O., Türkez, H., Aslan, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Protective effects of grape seed extract on cadmium-induced testicular damage, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthases expression in rats
This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on cadmium (Cd)-induced testicular apoptosis, endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS) expression, and toxicity in rats. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely, control, Cd (2.5 mg/kg), Cd + GSPE (100 mg/kg/day), and GSPE. Spermatogenesis and mean seminiferous tubule diameter were significantly decreased in the Cd groups. Furthermore, the GSPE-treated animals showed an improved histological appearance in the Cd group. The immunoreactivity of eNOS and the number of apoptotic cells were increased in ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sönmez, M. F., Tascioglu, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
In vitro activation of dibromoacetonitrile to cyanide by myeloperoxidase
This study aimed at investigating the ability of myeloperoxidase (MPO) to oxidize DBAN to cyanide (CN–) in vitro. Detection of CN– served as a marker for the possible generation of free radical intermediates implicated in DBAN-induced toxicity. Optimum conditions for the oxidation of DBAN to CN– were characterized with respect to pH, temperature, and time of incubation as well as DBAN, MPO, potassium chloride, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in incubation mixtures. Maximum reaction velocity and Michaelis–Menten constant were assessed. Addition of sodium hypochlorite to the reaction mixtu...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Al-Abbasi, F. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Dibutyl phthalate induces oxidative stress and impairs spermatogenesis in adult rats
This study was conducted to further explore the potential testicular toxicity of DBP in adult rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Adult male albino rats were treated orally with DBP at doses of 0, 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg/day for 15 consecutive days. Testicular weight, sperm count, and motility were significantly decreased. Treatment with DBP decreased serum follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone levels and testicular lactate dehydrogenase activity. DBP treatment also decreased serum total antioxidant capacity and the activities of the testicular antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Aly, H. A., Hassan, M. H., El-Beshbishy, H. A., Alahdal, A. M., Osman, A.-M. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of Boerhavia procumbens Banks ex Roxb
Boerhavia procumbens is traditionally used in the treatment of various disorders including jaundice and gonorrhea, is a refrigerant, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical classes, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extract (BPME) and different fractions (n-hexane (BPHE), ethyl acetate (BPEE), n-butanol (BPBE), and residual aqueous fraction (BPAE)) of B. procumbens against carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. To assess the anti-inflammatory effects of B. procumbens, 42 Sprague Dawley male rats (150–200 g) were r...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Bokhari, J., Khan, M. R., Haq, I. U. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Determination of genotoxic effects of fipronil in Vicia faba using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis
This study was undertaken to appreciate genotoxic potential of fipronil herbicides in the roots of Vicia faba seedlings. Fipronil was clearly dose dependent on root growth inhibitors, total soluble protein, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays. Increase in concentration of fipronil resulted in decreased amount of root length and increased level of protein. For the RAPD analyses, 15 RAPD primers were found to produce unique polymorphic band patterns and were subsequently used to produce a total of 110 bands of 45–1250 bp. Each primer generated 4–11 RAPD bands across 15 primers. The changes occurrin...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Yildirim, N., Agar, G. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The effects of point pollutants-originated heavy metals (lead, copper, iron, and cadmium) on fish living in Yesilırmak River, Turkey
In this study, the association between heavy metals in water and cyprinids sampled from the Yesilırmak River stretch, which is frequently exposed to pollutant sources (a sugar production factory (Turhal) and solid wastes dump area (Taslıciftlik) was explored, and the oxidative effects of heavy metals on cyprinids were evaluated through analyzing some liver enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and cortisol. The heavy metal concentrations of both fish and water, collected from three different locations along the river during the summer of 2011 and winter of 2010 (T...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Polat, F., Akın, S., Yıldırım, A., Dal, T. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
