Role of quercetin in cadmium-induced oxidative stress, neuronal damage, and apoptosis in rats
In conclusion, the results of the current study suggest that QE may be beneficial in combating the Cd-induced neurotoxicity in the brain of rats. We believe that further preclinical research into the utility of QE may indicate its usefulness as a potential treatment for neurodegeneration after Cd exposure in rats. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Unsal, C., Kanter, M., Aktas, C., Erboga, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Investigation of neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects of some plant growth regulators at subacute and subchronic applications on rats
The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of subacute and subchronic treatment of some plant growth regulators (PGRs), such as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA3), on neurological and immunological biomarkers in various tissues of rats. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butrylcholinesterase (BChE) were selected as biomarkers for neurotoxic biomarkers. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured as indicators for immunotoxic investigation purpose. Wistar albino rats were orally administered with 25 and 50 ppm of PGRs ad libitum for 25–50 days continuously w...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Isik, I., Celik, I. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Studying the effect of antioxidants on cytogenetic manifestations of solvent exposure in the paint industry
Conclusion:
Antioxidant supplementation decreases the frequency of CAs and SCEs among exposed workers. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: El Safty, A., Metwally, F. M., Mohammed Samir, A., ElShahawy, A., Raouf, E. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Optimization of conventional water treatment plant using dynamic programming
In this research, the mathematical models, indicating the capability of various units, such as rapid mixing, coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, and the rapid sand filtration are used. Moreover, cost functions were used for the formulation of conventional water and wastewater treatment plant by applying Clark’s formula (Clark, 1982). Also, by applying dynamic programming algorithm, it is easy to design a conventional treatment system with minimal cost. The application of the model for a case reduced the annual cost. This reduction was approximately in the range of 4.5–9.5% considering variable limitati...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Mostafa, K. S., Bahareh, G., Elahe, D., Pegah, D. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effects of aluminum chloride on some trace elements and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in rats
Aluminum (Al) is a nonessential, toxic element to which humans are constantly exposed as a result of an increase in industrialization and improving technology practices. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different durations and doses of Al exposure on serum and tissue element levels and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in rats. A total of 40 male Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups: control, group I (3 weeks, 8 mg/kg), group II (6 weeks, 8 mg/kg), group III (3 weeks, 16 mg/kg), and group IV (6 weeks, 16 mg/kg). Al chloride (AlCl3) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) five times a week. At th...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Oztürk, B., Ozdemir, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effect of paraoxonase 1 192 Q/R polymorphism on paraoxonase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activities in a Turkish population exposed to organophosphate
Organophosphate (OP) compounds are the most commonly used pesticide groups and they are commercially used in the market for local and industrial purposes. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme plays an important role in biotransformation of OP compounds, which shows toxic effects via inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of PON1 gene polymorphism and its effects on PON and AChE enzyme activities in individuals who were exposed to organophosphorus insecticides due to occupational reasons, and to profile the probability of susceptibility to organophosphorus compounds. For this p...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sunay, S. Z., Kayaaltı, Z., Bayrak, T., Söylemezoglu, T. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Pirimicarb-based formulation-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the freshwater fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae)
We analyzed the aspects of lethality, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity in the ten spotted live-bearer exposed under laboratory conditions to the pirimicarb-based formulation Patton Flow® (50% active ingredient (a.i.)). Acute effects were evaluated using different end points for lethality, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity. Median lethal concentration (LC50) estimation was employed as a bioassay for lethality, whereas micronucleus (MN) induction and alterations in erythrocyte/erythroblast frequency were used as end points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. Results demonstrated an LC5096h value of 88 mg/L. ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Vera-Candioti, J., Soloneski, S., Larramendy, M. L. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effect of chromium (VI) exposure on antioxidant defense status and trace element homeostasis in acute experiment in rat
This study investigates the effect of Cr(VI) exposure on antioxidant defense status, with focus on these selenoenzymes, and on trace element homeostasis in an acute experiment in rat. Male Wistar rats (130–140g) were assigned to two groups of 8 animals: I. control; and II. Cr(VI) treated. The animals in Cr(VI) group were administered a single dose of K2Cr2O7 (20 mg /kg, intraperitoneally (ip)). The control group received saline solution. After 24 h, the animals were sacrificed and the liver and kidneys were examined for lipid peroxidation (LP; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration), the level ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kotyzova, D., Hodkova, A., Bludovska, M., Eybl, V. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
1,1-Diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, bactericidal, fungicidal and leishmanicidal properties of Teucrium stocksianum
In the present study, we evaluated the pharmacological and toxicological effects of Teucrium stocksianum. The crude extract of T. stocksianum (Ts.Cr) and its subsequent organic fractions: n-hexane (Ts.Hex), chloroform (Ts.CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (Ts.EtAc) exhibited 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity with different potencies. Ts.EtAc was found to be most potent. Ts.Cr, Ts.Hex, Ts.CHCl3 and Ts.EtAc showed significant bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri and Bacillus subtilis at their extent. Ts.Cr, Ts.Hex, Ts.CHCl3 and Ts.EtAc ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Shah, S. M., Ayaz, M., Khan, A.-u., Ullah, F., Farhan, , Shah, A.-u.-H. A., Iqbal, H., Hussain, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Role of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonists in treatment of experimentally induced mammary tumor: Does montelukast modulate antitumor and immunosuppressant effects of doxorubicin?
It has been reported that a leukotriene (LT)-D4 receptor (i.e. cysteinyl LT1 receptor; CysLT1R) has an important role in carcinogenesis. The current study was carried out to assess the possible antitumor effects of montelukast (MON), a CysLT1R antagonist, in a mouse mammary carcinoma model, that is, a solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC). Effects of MON on tumor-induced immune dysfunction and the possibility that MON may modulate the antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of doxorubicin (DOX) were also studied. The effects in tumor-bearing hosts of several dosings with MON (10 mg/kg, per os), with and without the added presence o...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: El-Sisi, A. E.-D. E., Sokar, S. S., Salem, T. A., Abu Risha, S. E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Determination of genotoxic effects of boron and zinc on Zea mays using protein and random amplification of polymorphic DNA analyses
In this research, we aimed to determine genotoxic effects of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on Zea mays by using total soluble protein content and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. For the RAPD analysis, 16 RAPD primers were found to produce unique polymorphic band profiles on treated maize seedlings. With increased Zn and B concentrations, increased polymorphism rate was observed, while genomic template stability and total soluble protein content decreased. The treatment with Zn was more effective than that of B groups on the levels of total proteins. The obtained results from this study revealed that the ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Erturk, F. A., Nardemir, G., Hilal, A., Arslan, E., Agar, G. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Ascorbic acid inhibits ferric nitrilotriacetate induction of ornithine decarboxylase, DNA synthesis, oxidative stress, and hepatotoxicity in rats
In this study, the effect of AA on ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats has been examined. Fe-NTA alone enhances ornithine decarboxylase activity to 4.5-fold and tritiated thymidine incorporation in DNA to 3.6-fold in livers compared with the corresponding saline-treated controls. The enhanced ornithine decarboxylase activity and DNA synthesis showed a reduction to 3.02- and 1.88-fold, respectively, at a higher dose of 2 mg AA per day per animal, compared with the Fe-NTA-treated groups. Fe-NTA treatment also enhanced the hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation to 1.7-fold compared to saline-treate...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ansar, S., Iqbal, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on dose-dependent intoxication of rats with paraquat
Discussion:
The evaluation of the data suggests that CAPE can be used to prevent acute effects of PQ intoxication. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Silfeler, I., Alp, H., Ozgur, T., Evlioglu, O., Celik, M., Er, M., Yilmaz, G. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potentials of two Usnea species
For ages, lichens have long been investigated popularly for biological roles, mainly antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Many positive results were obtained in these previous research. Thus, in this study, we aimed to determine whether extracts of Usnea articulata (UAE) and Usnea filipendula (UFE) possessing a protection against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced genotoxic and oxidative damage. The results of our studies showed that 5 μM concentrations of AFB1 increased the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ceker, S., Orhan, F., Kizil, H. E., Alpsoy, L., Gulluce, M., Aslan, A., Agar, G. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Dermatoprotective effects of some plant extracts (genus Ficus) against experimentally induced toxicological insults in rabbits
Conclusion:
Ficus species demonstrated the potential to block the dermatotoxic effects of topical irritants and could be used successfully to prevent skin toxicity. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Waheed, M., Muhammad, F., Javed, I., Akhtar, M., Saleemi, M. K., Khaliq, T., Awais, M. M., Anwar, M. I. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
