Histopathological and histochemical changes in the liver of Bagrus bayad caused by environmental pollution
This study focused on two areas (Abu-Zaabal and El-Tal El-Kabir) of the Ismailia canal. The samples represented the effect of the factories’ effluent discharge onto the canal. Physical characteristics (water temperature and pH) and chemical characteristics (total hardness, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand) were measured to identify the water quality in the two areas of the Ismailia canal. These measurements showed slight variations between the two stations. Additionally, the histological and histochemical analyses in the liver of Bagrus bayad fish samples were done. Histological s...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - September 1, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Gaber, H. S., Ibrahim, S. A., El-Kasheif, M. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Hesperidin protects brain and sciatic nerve tissues against cisplatin-induced oxidative, histological and electromyographical side effects in rats
In conclusion, CP had severe dose-limiting neurotoxic effects and these effects of CP can be prevented by HP treatment. Thus, it appears that coadministration of HP with CP may be a useful approach to attenuate the negative effects of CP on the nervous system. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - September 1, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kamisli, S., Ciftci, O., Kaya, K., Cetin, A., Kamisli, O., Ozcan, C. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Isolation of a flavonoid, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, from Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subspecies longifolia and its genotoxic potency
This study was designed to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of apigenin 7-O-glucoside (A7G), a flavonoid isolated from Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subspecies longifolia (ML). The possible antimutagenic potential of A7G was examined against mutagens ethyl methanesulfonate and acridine in an eukaryotic cell system Saccharomyces cerevisiae and sodium azide in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and 9-aminoacridine in S. typhimurium TA1537. According to our findings, any concentrations of the A7G used did not show mutagenic activity but exerted strong antimutagenic activities at tested concentrations. The inhibi...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - September 1, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Gulluce, M., Orhan, F., Yanmis, D., Arasoglu, T., Guvenalp, Z., Demirezer, L. O. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Influence of pesticide exposure on carbonic anhydrase II from sheep stomach
In this study, we purified CA-II isoenzyme from sheep stomach with a 615.2 purification fold, 78% purification yield and 5562.02 specific activity. Moreover, the in vitro effects of some commonly used pesticides including chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, dichlorvos, glyphosate isopropylamine and lambda cyhalomethrin on the enzyme activity were investigated. Of these compounds, glyphosate isopropylamine and dichlorvos showed an inhibition on CA-II esterase activity. They have IC50 values of 0.155 µM and 2.690 µM and Ki values of 0.329 µM and 3.654 µM, respectively. Both glyphosate isop...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - September 1, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kılınc, N., Isgor, M. M., Sengul, B., Beydemir, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
TCDD and corticosterone on testicular steroidogenesis and antioxidant system of epididymal sperm in rats
2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an endocrine-disrupting environmental pollutant, has been found to cause male reproductive toxicity. Glucocorticoids have been found to influence the metabolic pathway of TCDD. Stress, which affects the male reproductive function, is marked by an increase in the level and activity of glucocorticoids in the body. The present study was carried out to understand the effect of TCDD on testicular steroidogenesis and sperm antioxidant system under the influence of increased level of corticosterone in the body. Adult male rats were treated with either TCDD (100 ng/kg bw/ day) or cortic...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - September 1, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Dhanabalan, S., Mathur, P., Latha, P. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Hepatoprotective effect of carob against acute ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rat
The present study was undertaken to determine whether subacute treatment with aqueous extract of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pods (AECPs) protects against ethanol (EtOH)-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Animals were divided into four groups: control, carob, EtOH and EtOH + carob. Wistar rats were intraperitoneally pretreated with AECP (600 mg/kg body weight (bw)) during 7 days and intoxicated for 6 h by acute oral administration of EtOH (6 g/kg bw) 24 h after the last injection. We found that acute administration of EtOH leads to hepatotoxicity as monitored by the increase in the l...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - September 1, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Souli, A., Sebai, H., Chehimi, L., Rtibi, K., Tounsi, H., Boubaker, S., Sakly, M., El-Benna, J., Amri, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Evaluation of genotoxic effects of five flavour enhancers (glutamates) on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa
The effects of different treatments with flavour enhancers monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, calcium diglutamate, monoammonium glutamate, and magnesium diglutamate on the cytology, DNA content, and interphase nuclear volume (INV) of A. cepa were investigated. Three concentrations of these additives – 20, 40, and 60 ppm – were applied for 6, 12, and 24 h. All the concentrations of these chemicals showed an inhibitory effect on cell division in root tips of A. cepa and caused a decrease in mitotic index values. Additionally, all the treatments changed the frequency of mitotic phases when co...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - September 1, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Turkoglu, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Occupational exposure to anaesthetic gases and high-frequency audiometry
Conclusion:
Results, even if preliminary and referred to a low-range sample, show an involvement of the anatomic structure responsible for the perception of high-frequency audiometric responses in subjects exposed to anaesthetic gases. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - September 1, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Giorgianni, C., Gangemi, S., Tanzariello, M. G., Barresi, G., Miceli, L., D'Arrigo, G., Spatari, G. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Oxidative stress and alteration of biochemical markers in liver and kidney by malathion in rat pups
The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of malathion exposure through maternal milk on oxidative stress, functional an metabolic parameters in kidney and liver of rat pups. We found that lactational exposure to malation (200 mg/kg, body weight (bw)) induced an oxidative stress status assessed by an increase in malondialdhyde (MDA) content, reflecting lipoperoxidation, a decrease in thiol groups’ content as well as depletion of enzyme activities as a superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) on postnatal days (Pnds) 21 and 51. Moreover, the current study showed that malathion induced liver and ki...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - September 1, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Selmi, S., El-Fazaa, S., Gharbi, N. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Comparative toxicity of eight metals on freshwater fish
Two freshwater fish, Rasbora sumatrana (Cyprinidae) and Poecilia reticulata (guppy; Poeciliidae), were exposed to a range of eight heavy metals (copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn)) at varied concentrations for 96 h in the laboratory. Mortality was assessed and median lethal concentrations (LC50) were calculated. It was observed that the LC50 values increased with a decrease in mean exposure times, for all metals and for both fish types. The 96-h LC50 values for Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Al, and Mn were 0.006, 0.10, 0.46, 0.63, 0.83, 1.71, 1.53, and...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - September 1, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Shuhaimi-Othman, M., Yakub, N., Ramle, N.-A., Abas, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Potential anticancer activity of carvone in N2a neuroblastoma cell line
Carvone (CVN) is a monocyclic monoterpene found in the essential oils of Mentha spicata var. crispa (Lamiaceae) and Carum carvi L. (Apiaceae) plants and has been reported to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, and antitumor activities. The beneficial health properties of CVN have encouraged us to look into its anticancer activity. To the best of our knowledge, reports are not available on the anticancer activity of CVN in cultured primary rat neuron and N2a neuroblastoma (NB) cells. Therefore, the present study is an attempt toward exploring the potential anticancer activity of CVN, if any, in cultured primary...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 31, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Aydın, E., Turkez, H., Keles, M. S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Lipoxygenase and urease inhibition of the aerial parts of the Polygonatum verticillatum
Over expression of lipoxygenase (LOX) and urease has already contributed to the pathology of different human disease. Targeting the inhibition of these enzymes has proved great clinical utility. The aim of the present study was to scrutinised the inhibitory profile of the aerial parts of the Polygonatum verticillatum enzyme against LOX, urease, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using standard experimental protocols. When checked against lipoxygenase, the extracts revealed significant attenuation. Of the tested extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction was the most potent (half-maximal inhibitory conce...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 31, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Khan, H., Saeed, M., Muhammad, N., Gaffar, R., Gul, F., Raziq, N. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have extensive potential industrial applications due to their unique physical and chemical properties; yet this also increases the chance of human and environment exposure to SWCNTs. Due to the current lack of hazardous effect information on SWNCTs, a standardized genotoxicity battery test was conducted to clarify the genetic toxicity potential of SWCNTs (diameter: 1–1.2 nm, length: ~20 μm) according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines 471 (bacterial reverse mutation test), 473 (in vitro chromosome aberration test), and 474 (in ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 31, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kim, J. S., Song, K. S., Yu, I. J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effect of sugammadex on rocuronium induced changes in pancreatic mast cells
Mast cells play a vital role in hypersensitivity reactions. Rocuronium is known to cause mast cell mobilization, hypersensitivity, and pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sugammadex on pancreatic changes due to rocuronium. A total of 42 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into six equal groups to receive either rocuronium 1 mg/kg intravenously (i.v., R group), rocuronium 1 mg/kg + sugammadex 16 mg/kg i.v. (RS16 group), rocuronium 1 mg/kg + sugammadex 96 mg/kg i.v. (RS96 group), sugammadex 16 mg/kg (S16), sugammadex 96 mg/kg i.v. (S96...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 31, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kalkan, Y., Tumkaya, L., Bostan, H., Tomak, Y., Altuner, D., Yilmaz, A., Erdivanli, B., Bedir, R., Yalcin, A., Turan, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Hepatoprotective potential of Lavandula coronopifolia extracts against ethanol induced oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells
The present investigations were carried out to study the protective potential of four extracts (namely petroleum ether extract (LCR), chloroform extract (LCM), ethyl acetate extract (LCE), and alcoholic extract (LCL)) of Lavandula coronopifolia on oxidative stress-mediated cell death induced by ethanol, a known hepatotoxin in human hapatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Cells were pretreated with LCR, LCM, LCE, and LCL extracts (10–50 μg/ml) of L. coronopifolia for 24 h and then ethanol was added and incubated further for 24 h. After the exposure, cell viability using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 31, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Farshori, N. N., Al-Sheddi, E. S., Al-Oqail, M. M., Hassan, W. H., Al-Khedhairy, A. A., Musarrat, J., Siddiqui, M. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
