Nickel and blood counts in workers exposed to urban stressors
This study focused on a sample of 101 outdoor workers (55 male and 46 female; 65 nonsmokers and 36 smokers), all employed in the municipal police in a large Italian city. The personal levels of exposure to Ni were assessed through (a) environmental monitoring of Ni present in the urban air obtained from individual samples and (b) biological monitoring of urinary and blood Ni. The blood count parameters were obtained from the hemochromocytometric tests. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to assess the association between the blood and urinary Ni and the complete blood count. Multiple linear regression mode...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Rosati, M. V., Casale, T., Ciarrocca, M., Weiderpass, E., Capozzella, A., Schifano, M. P., Tomei, F., Nieto, H. A., Marrocco, M., Tomei, G., Caciari, T., Sancini, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory meloxicam on stomach, kidney, and liver of rats
This study aims to investigate the effects of meloxicam on stomach, kidney, and liver of rats under light microscopy level. Based on the light microscopic observations, mononuclear cell infiltration and pseudolobular formation was established in liver samples of animals in the experimental group. Metaplasia in surface and glandular epithelia and atrophy were observed in stomach samples. Glomerular stasis-related hypertrophy and focal interstitial nephritis were found in kidneys. It was concluded in this study that meloxicam might cause hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and gastric metaplasia in rats at a used dose and durati...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Burukoglu, D., Baycu, C., Taplamacioglu, F., Sahin, E., Bektur, E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Maternal mobile phone exposure alters intrinsic electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat offspring
In this study, we have elucidated the alteration in the hippocampal function of offspring Wistar rats (n = 8 rats in each group) that were chronically exposed to mobile phones during their gestational period by applying behavioral, histological, and electrophysiological tests. Rats in the EMF group were exposed to 900 MHz pulsed-EMF irradiation for 6 h/day. Whole cell recordings in hippocampal pyramidal cells in the mobile phone groups did show a decrease in neuronal excitability. Mobile phone exposure was mostly associated with a decrease in the number of action potentials fired in spontaneous activity and in response to ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Razavinasab, M., Moazzami, K., Shabani, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Some health effects of aircraft noise with special reference to shift work
This study aimed at investigating some health hazards for shift work on workers at Cairo International Airport (CIA), Egypt, as a strategic work place, with more than one stressor.
Subjects and Methods:
Assessment of noise effects were carried out in four working sites at the airport besides control sites. The average noise level in the exposure sites was 106.5 dB compared with 54 dB at the control sites. The study comprised a group of 200 male workers exposed to aircraft noise and 110 male workers not exposed to noise as control group. All workers had full general medical examination after filling specially formulated qu...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Rizk, S. A. M., Sharaf, N. E., Mahdy-Abdallah, H., ElGelil, K. S. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Phyllanthin inhibits CCl4-mediated oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis by down-regulating TNF-{alpha}/NF-{kappa}B, and pro-fibrotic factor TGF-{beta}1 mediating inflammatory signaling
Hepatic fibrosis is an important outcome of chronic liver injury and results in excess synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Phyllanthin (PLN) isolated from Phyllanthus amarus exhibits strong antioxidative property and protects HepG2 cells from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced experimental toxicity. The present study reports the antifibrotic potential of PLN. The in vivo inhibitory effect of PLN on CCl4-mediated lipid peroxidation and important profibrotic mediator transforming growth factor β1 and on predominant ECM components collagen and fibronectin were also studied. The results s...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - April 28, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Krithika, R., Jyothilakshmi, V., Verma, R. J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Evaluation of intravenous lipid emulsion on haloperidol-induced hypotension in rabbits
In conclusion, ILE could reverse HAL-induced hypotension same as the other lipophilic drugs. However, the clinical use of ILE for this purpose needs more evaluation to determine its exact indication and safety. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - April 28, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Moshiri, M., Vahabzadeh, M., Mohammadpour, A. H., Hosseinzadeh, H. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Comparison between the effects of quercetin on seizure threshold in acute and chronic seizure models
This study aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), which is a flavonoid found in plants, in rats treated with pentylenetetrazole in acute and chronic seizure models. Single intraperitoneal administration of quercetin did not show anticonvulsive effects against acute seizure. Similarly, multiple oral pretreatment with quercetin did not have protective effects against acute seizure. However, multiple intraperitoneal administration of quercetin (25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly increased time to death compared with the control (p < 0.001). However, quercetin pretreatmen...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - April 28, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Nassiri-Asl, M., Hajiali, F., Taghiloo, M., Abbasi, E., Mohseni, F., Yousefi, F. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The application of FLUENT in simulating outcomes from chlorine leakage accidents in a typical chemical factory
For improvements in market competitiveness, old brand chemical enterprises did some expansion and reconstruction on the base of original equipment. Because it is the reconstruction on the basis of the existing production equipment, it is bound to raise problems of reutilization existing in pipelines and equipment. A simplified typical chemical factory was established referring the actual workshop layout. Further, trustable accident scenarios were conducted to reveal the diffusion process. In a larger leakage rate, the chlorine leak-affected area in the downwind became larger a bit, also in a relatively shorter time, lethal...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - April 28, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Li, J., Zhang, B., Tang, S., Tong, R. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Activation of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway involved in megakaryocyte proliferation induced by vanadium resembles some aspects of essential thrombocythemia
Vanadium (V) is an air pollutant released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels. Also, it has been recently evaluated for their carcinogenic potential to establish permissible limits of exposure at workplaces. We previously reported an increase in the number and size of platelets and their precursor cells and megakaryocytes in bone marrow and spleen. The aim of this study was to identify the involvement of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway and thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor, and myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (Mpl), in megakaryocyte proliferation induced by ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - April 28, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Gonzalez-Villalva, A., Pinon-Zarate, G., Falcon-Rodriguez, C., Lopez-Valdez, N., Bizarro-Nevares, P., Rojas-Lemus, M., Rendon-Huerta, E., Colin-Barenque, L., Fortoul, T. I. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Hepatoprotective effect of Caesalpinia gilliesii and Cajanus cajan proteins against acetoaminophen overdose-induced hepatic damage
This study aims to evaluate two proteins derived from the seeds of the plants Cajanus cajan (Leguminosae) and Caesalpinia gilliesii (Leguminosae) for their abilities to ameliorate the toxic effects of chronic doses of acetoaminphen (APAP) through the determination of certain biochemical parameters including liver marker enzymes: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. Also, total protein content and hepatic marker enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase were studied. Moreover, liver antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide, and lipid peroxides were determined in this stud...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - April 28, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Rizk, M. Z., Aly, H. F., Abo-Elmatty, D. M., Desoky, M., Ibrahim, N., Younis, E. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Enzymatic and histopathologic biomarkers in the flatfish Euryglossa orientalis from the northwestern Persian Gulf
Most of the chemicals in the petrochemical sewages cause oxidative stress in marine organisms. Antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) as biomarkers of oxidative stress and liver histopathological alterations were investigated in the current study to evaluate the toxic effects of petrochemical pollutions in flatfish, Euryglossa orientalis. The enzymatic and histopathological changes were assessed in the liver of E. orientalis from Khowr-e Jafari (one of the creeks from Khowr-e Musa estuary) and Sajafi harbor as polluted and clean areas, respectively. A significant increase in the antioxidant enz...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - April 28, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Chupani, L., Savari, A., Zolgharnein, H., Rezaie, A., Zeinali, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
In vivo antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activity of extracts of Heliotropium strigosum
In conclusion, the extracts of H. strigosum illustrated significant antinociceptive effect in both centrally and peripherally acting pain models. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - April 28, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Khan, H., Khan, M. A., Hussain, S., Gaffar, R., Ashraf, N. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Protective effects of melatonin against arsenic-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat testes
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against arsenic-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat testes. A total of 27 male rats were divided into 3 groups: control (saline: 5 ml kg–1 day–1, intragastrically), arsenic (sodium arsenite (NaAsO2): 5 mg kg–1 day–1, intragastrically), and arsenic + melatonin (sodium arsenite (NaAsO2): 5 mg kg–1 day–1, intragastrically and melatonin: 25 mg kg–1 day–1, intraperitoneally) group. At the end of 30 days, the rats were killed under anesthesia. Histopathological examination showed that testicular injury me...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - April 28, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Uygur, R., Aktas, C., Caglar, V., Uygur, E., Erdogan, H., Ozen, O. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Phytochemical analysis, antibacterial, and antifungal assessment of aerial parts of Polygonatum verticillatum
The current study was designed to assess the phytochemical profile, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of the crude methanol extract of the aerial parts of Polygonatum verticillatum (PA) and its various subsequent solvent fractions using agar well diffusion, agar tube dilution, and microdilution methods. Phytochemical analysis showed positive for different chemical groups and also contained marked quantity of saponin and flavonoid contents. Significant antibacterial activity was observed against various tested pathogenic bacteria. The only susceptible Gram-positive bacterium was Bacillus subtilis and their minimum in...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - April 28, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Khan, H., Saeed, M., Muhammad, N., Perviz, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Neuroprotective effects of folic acid on experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of FA in DPN using electromyography (EMG), histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, inclined plane test, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker for lipid peroxidation in experimental diabetic rats. A total of 21 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, diabetes group, and FA-treated group. In EMG, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude in the sciatic nerve was lower in the diabetes group compared with the control group. CMAP amplitude in the sciatic nerve was higher in the FA-treated group when compare...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - April 28, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Yilmaz, M., Aktug, H., Oltulu, F., Erbas, O. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
