The induction of lipid peroxidation during the acute oxidative stress response induced by intratracheal instillation of fine crystalline silica particles in rats
Crystalline silica (SiO2) is an important material for industry but is considered potentially carcinogenic. Inhalation of a crystalline SiO2 aerosol may contribute to serious lung diseases. Crystalline SiO2 particles are commonly used as a positive control in toxicity assays of particulate materials (e.g. nanoparticles). Crystalline SiO2 induces oxidative stress resulting in lipid peroxidation, but the acute oxidative stress response in the lung is not well understood. Lipid peroxidation during the acute stage of oxidative stress after instillation of crystalline SiO2 into rats was examined by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Fukui, H., Endoh, S., Shichiri, M., Ishida, N., Hagihara, Y., Yoshida, Y., Iwahashi, H., Horie, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Genotoxicity in primary human peripheral lymphocytes after exposure to lithium titanate nanoparticles in vitro
Lithium titanate (Li2TiO3) nanoparticles (LTT NPs; <100 nm) are widely used in battery technology, porcelain enamels, and ceramic insulating bodies. With the increased applications of LTT NPs, the concerns about their potential human toxicity effects and their environmental impact were also increased. However, toxicity data for LTT NPs relating to human health are very limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether LTT NPs are able to induce genetic damage in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro when taking into consideration that DNA damage plays an important role in carcinogenesis. With this ai...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Akbaba, G. B., Turkez, H., Sönmez, E., Tatar, A., Yilmaz, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Embryotoxicity of nitrophenols to the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
This article is the first to describe the teratogenicity and embryotoxicity of two NPs to the early life stages of zebrafish. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ceylan, Z., Sisman, T., Yazıcı, Z., Altıkat, A. O. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effects of carnosine, taurine, and betaine pretreatments on diethylnitrosamine-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury in rat liver
In conclusion, TAU, BET, and possibly CAR may have an ameliorating effect on DEN-induced hepatic injury by reducing oxidative stress in rats. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Basaran-Kücükgergin, C., Bingül, I., Tekkesin, M. S., Olgac, V., Dogru-Abbasoglu, S., Uysal, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Oxidative stress following exposure to silver and gold nanoparticles in mice
This study investigated the toxic effects of Ag and Au NPs (1 μM and 2 μM, oral) on mouse erythrocytes and tissues after 14 consecutive days’ exposure. Our results demonstrate significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of antioxidant enzyme status in erythrocytes and tissues. Hepatic and renal toxicity was evident from liver and kidney function tests. Inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide synthase increased in plasma on administration following exposure to these NPs at both the doses. A more pronounced increase was noted in kidney metallothionein (MT) compared to liver MT...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Shrivastava, R., Kushwaha, P., Bhutia, Y. C., Flora, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Influence of {alpha}-tocopherol and {alpha}-lipoic acid on bisphenol-A-induced oxidative damage in liver and ovarian tissue of rats
This study demonstrates that BPA causes oxidative damage in liver and ovarian tissues. ALA, ATF, or their combination were found to be beneficial in preventing BPA-induced oxidative stress. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Avci, B., Bahadir, A., Tuncel, O. K., Bilgici, B. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Induction of hsp70, hsp90, and catalase activity in planarian Dugesia japonica exposed to cadmium
The hsp70 and hsp90 expression patterns and catalase (CAT) activity in the freshwater planaria Dugesia japonica exposed to cadmium (Cd) under laboratory conditions were investigated. Planaria were exposed to a range of Cd concentrations (0–150 μg Cd/L) for 24 h. The expression levels of hsp70 and hsp90 were determined by relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Within the overall dose range in the experiment, the expression level of hsp70 and the activity of CAT in D. japonica were altered significantly. Hsp70 was induced in D. japonica upon Cd exposure concentrations as low as 9.375 μg Cd/L. ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhang, X., Mo, Y., Zhou, L., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Zhao, B. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Ameliorative effect of Allolobophora caliginosa extract on hepatotoxicity induced by silicon dioxide nanoparticles
This study aims to evaluate the possible ameliorative effect of earthworm (Allolobophora caliginosa) extract (EE) against silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs)-induced liver injury in male albino rats. The effectiveness of EE was compared with silymarin as a standard hepatoprotective drug. The present work demonstrates the antioxidant activity of EE by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Administration of SiNPs, for 15 consecutive days, caused changes in most of the biochemical parameters, namely, serum aminotransferase enzymes activities (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase), alkaline phosphatase activity, to...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sadek, S. A., Soliman, A. M., Marzouk, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Mechanism underlying acute lung injury due to sulfur mustard exposure in rats
Sulfur mustard (SM), a bifunctional alkylating agent that causes severe lung damage, is a significant threat to both military and civilian populations. The mechanisms mediating the cytotoxic effects of SM are unknown and were investigated in this study. The purpose of this study was to establish a rat model of SM-induced lung injury to observe the resulting changes in the lungs. Male rats (Sprague Dawley) were anesthetized, intratracheally intubated, and exposed to 2 mg/kg of SM by intratracheal instillation. Animals were euthanized 6, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exposure, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - July 27, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Xiaoji, Z., Xiao, M., Rui, X., Haibo, C., Chao, Z., Chengjin, L., Tao, W., Wenjun, G., Shengming, Z. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Toxicological effects of carbosulfan in rats: Antioxidant, enzymological, biochemical, and hematological responses
This study investigated the impact of carbosulfan on oxidative stress markers, antioxidant defense, hematological, biochemical, and enzymological parameters in Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were orally administered carbosulfan doses of 1.02 to 10.20 mg/kg body weight daily; after 96 h, blood samples were taken, and the liver, kidney, and brain were dissected out for study. Results indicate that carbosulfan significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and suppressed the activity of reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and adenosine triphosphatase. A mixed trend was...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - June 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Nwani, C. D., Agrawal, N. D., Raghuvanshi, S., Jaswal, A., Shrivastava, S., Sinha, N., Onyishi, G., Shukla, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Co-treatment of chlorpyrifos and lead induce serum lipid disorders in rats: Alleviation by taurine
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of taurine (TA) on serum lipid profiles following chronic coadministration of chlorpyrifos (CP) and lead acetate (Pb) in male Wistar rats. Fifty rats randomly distributed into five groups served as subjects. Distilled water (DW) was given to DW group, while soya oil (SO; 1 mL kg–1) was given to SO group. The TA group was treated with TA (50 mg kg–1). The CP + Pb group was administered sequentially with CP (4.25 mg kg–1; 1/20th median lethal dose (LD50)) and Pb at 233.25 mg kg–1 (1/20th LD50), while the TA + CP + Pb group received TA (50 mg kg&ndas...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - June 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Akande, M. G., Aliu, Y. O., Ambali, S. F., Ayo, J. O. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The occurrence of ochratoxin A in rice in six provinces of Iran
Three hundred and eight samples of rice purchased from retail markets in six different provinces in Iran from March 2012 to January 2013 were surveyed for the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The recovery percentages of OTA from spiked rice samples at concentrations of 5 and 10 ng/g were found to be 85.3% and 86.7%, respectively. Analytical results showed a 9.4% frequency of contamination from total analyzed rice samples with a mean OTA level of 3.60 ± 2.66 ng/g. Concentrations of OTA in positive samples ranged from 0.84 ng/g to 11.37 ng/g, and in 17.3% of contaminated rice sam...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - June 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Rahimi, E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
In vitro effects of exogenous carbon monoxide on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in macrophages
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a major constituent of traffic-related air pollution and is also produced endogenously under conditions of oxygen-mediated stress. It has been shown to affect both oxidative stress and inflammation. However, its role in lipid metabolism has been neglected. Using short exposure times, the effect of CO on J774A.1 macrophage atherogenic functions was investigated up to 16 h after exposure. Exposure of macrophages was found to be pro-atherogenic as it significantly increased triglyceride mass, up to 60%, and decreased high-density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux, up to 27%. In contrast, paraoxon...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - June 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Petrick, L., Rosenblat, M., Aviram, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effects of pollutants from power plants in Kosova on genetic loads of Drosophila melanogaster
It has been reported by the Ministry of Environment in Kosova that particle emissions from one of the units of the coal-fired power plants (Kosova A) in Kastriot/Obiliq were exceeding the European standard by some 74 times. Besides the particle emission, there is also release of sulphur dioxide, mono-nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, organic compounds and heavy metals. In addition, there is also release of heavy metals and organic compounds from a nearby solid waste dumpsite. Together, they are considered to be responsible for the increased health problems of the population living in the vicinity.To st...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - June 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Alija, A. J., Bajraktari, I. D., Muharremi, H., Bresgen, N., Eckl, P. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Mercury contamination in some marine biota species from Khuzestan shore, Persian Gulf
In this study, concentrations of mercury (Hg) were analyzed in some marine biota species (fish, shrimp, and crab) from Khuzestan shore, north part of the Persian Gulf. It was also our intention to evaluate potential risks to human health associated with seafood consumption. The results indicated that concentrations of Hg in the fish and crustacean were different among the species and tissues. Liver in fish and hepatopancreas in crustacean exhibited higher Hg concentration than the other tissues. The highest concentration of Hg was detected in Acanthopagrus latus liver (1.37 µg/g), followed by Labeo rohita (0.87 &micr...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - June 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Hosseini, M., Nabavi, S. M. B., Parsa, Y., Saadatmand, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
