Carbon tetrachloride-induced kidney damage and protective effect of Amaranthus lividus L. in rats
In conclusion, this study has indicated that A. lividus possesses protective and antioxidant effects against CCl4-induced oxidative kidney damage. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Yilmaz-Ozden, T., Can, A., Karatug, A., Pala-Kara, Z., Okyar, A., Bolkent, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effects of washing, peeling, storage, and fermentation on residue contents of carbaryl and mancozeb in cucumbers grown in greenhouses
Cucumbers grown in two different greenhouses were exposed to mancozeb and carbaryl at different times. The effects of 10-day preharvest period, water and detergent washing, peeling, predetermined storage period at 4°C (refrigeration), and fermentation on the reduction of residue levels in the plant tissues were investigated. Mancozeb and carbaryl residues in cucumbers were determined by gas chromatography–electron capture detection. Results showed that residue levels in samples, which were collected after 10 days following the pesticide application, were significantly lower than the samples collected after 2 h su...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Saeedi Saravi, S., Shokrzadeh, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography method with post-column derivatization for the detection of aflatoxins in cereals and grains
A novel, reliable and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with post-column derivatization was developed and validated. The HPLC method was used for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) and G2 (AFG2) in various cereals and grains. Samples were extracted with 80:20 (v/v) methanol:water and purified using C18 (40–63 μm) solid-phase extraction cartridges. AFs were separated using a LiChroCART–RP-18 (5 μm, 250 x 4.0 mm2) column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol:acetonitrile:buffer (17.5:17.5:65 v/v) (pH 7.4) delivered at the flow rate of 1.0 m...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Asghar, M. A., Iqbal, J., Ahmed, A., Khan, M. A., Shamsuddin, Z. A., Jamil, K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Thymoquinone supplementation ameliorates lead-induced testis function impairment in adult rats
In conclusion, the results suggest, for the first time, that TQ protects against Pb-induced impairment of testicular steroidogenic and spermatogenic functions. This study will open new perspectives for the clinical use of TQ in Pb intoxication. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Mabrouk, A., Ben Cheikh, H. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Impact of tannery effluents on the aquatic environment of the Buriganga River in Dhaka, Bangladesh
This study presents an overview of the existence and effects of six heavy metals, chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), and aluminum (Al), in tannery effluents released to the Buriganga River in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The pollutants were found in three different sources, such as effluents from tanneries, contaminated river water and three species of fish—climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), spotted snakehead (Channa punctata), and Black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) caught from the river. Tannery effluents, water, and fish samples were collected from three different factories, five sam...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Asaduzzaman, M., Hasan, I., Rajia, S., Khan, N., Kabir, K. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Assessment of lipid peroxidation and p53 as a biomarker of carcinogenesis among workers exposed to formaldehyde in the cosmetic industry
Despite the wide use of cosmetic products, they exert a number of health effects on tissues ranging from irritation to cancer. Our study aimed at assessing the effect of formaldehyde on lipid peroxidation and verifying the susceptibility to carcinogenesis using p53 as a biomarker among workers exposed to formaldehyde in cosmetic industry. Our entire exposed group (n = 40) and the controls (n = 20) were subjected to estimation of formate in urine, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), and p53. Also, complete blood picture, liver, and kidney function tests were carried out. The study revealed significant increase in the levels of for...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Attia, D., Mansour, N., Taha, F., Seif El Dein, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Mutagenicity of automobile workshop soil leachate and tobacco industry wastewater using the Ames Salmonella fluctuation and the SOS chromotests
This study evaluated the mutagenic potential of automobile workshop soil-simulated leachate and tobacco wastewater using the SOS chromotest on Escherichia coli PQ37 and the Ames Salmonella fluctuation test on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 without metabolic activation. Physicochemical parameters of the samples were also analyzed. The result of the Ames test showed mutagenicity of the test samples. However, the TA100 was the more responsive strain for both the simulated leachate and tobacco wastewater in terms of mutagenic index in the absence of metabolic activation. The SOS chromotest results were in agreem...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Okunola, A. A., Babatunde, E. E., Chinwe, D., Pelumi, O., Ramatu, S. G. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Ameliorative effects of docosahexaenoic acid on the toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cultured rat hepatocytes
The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant toxicant that mediates carcinogenic effects associated with oxidative DNA damage. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with antioxidant functions has many biochemical, cellular, and physiological functions for cells. The present study assessed, for the first time, the ameliorative effect of DHA in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes (HEPs). In vitro, isolated HEPs were incubated with TCDD (5 and 10 μM) in the presence and absence of DHA (5, 10, and 20 μM) for 48 h. The cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylth...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Turkez, H., Geyikoglu, F., Yousef, M. I. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Prevention of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in testes of rats treated with Physalis peruviana L. fruit
Treatment of rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4; 2 ml/kg body weight) once a week for 12 weeks caused a significant decrease in serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone. These decreases in sex hormones were reduced with Physalis peruviana L. (Cape gooseberry) juice supplementation. In addition, testicular activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase suppressed with CCl4 were elevated after P. peruviana juice supplements. P. peruviana juice supplementation significantly increas...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Abdel Moneim, A. E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Histological study on hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum following low lead exposure during prenatal and postnatal brain development in rats
Neuropsychological studies in children who are exposed to lead during their early brain development have shown to develop behavioural and cognitive deficit. The aim of the present study was to assess the cellular damage in hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum of rat pups exposed to lead during different periods of early brain development. Five groups of rat pups were investigated. (a) Control group (n = 8) (mothers of these rats were given normal drinking water throughout gestation and lactation), (b) pregestation lead-exposed group (n = 8) (mothers of these rats were exposed to 0.2% lead acetate in the drinking water for ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Barkur, R. R., Bairy, L. K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on human fetal scleral fibroblasts
This study investigated the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on human fetal scleral fibroblasts (HFSFs). HFSFs were subjected to 50 Hz artificial ELF-EMFs generated by Helmholtz coils with 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mT field intensities for 6 to 48 h. The viability and factors involved in scleral structuring of HFSFs were determined. The growth rate of HFSFs significantly decreased after only 24 h of exposure to ELF-EMFs (0.2 mT). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of collagen type I (COL1A1) decreased and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) increased significantly. There was a...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhu, H., Wang, J., Cui, J., Fan, X. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
A population assessment of mercury exposure from two cities of Pakistan with respect to freshwater and marine fish consumption
In this study, we aimed to estimate the level of mercury (Hg) in scalp hair samples of human subjects and its association with consumption of sea- and freshwater fish species. The scalp hairs were collected from both genders (male and female) aged between 15 and 50 years (n = 200), living in coastal areas of Karachi, who mostly consumed sea fish species, referred to as exposed subjects. For comparison purposes, scalp hair samples of both genders (n = 160) were collected from the inhabitants of Karachi and Hyderabad cities who consumed freshwater fish species termed as referent subjects. The frequently consumed fresh and ma...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Shah, A. Q., Kazi, T. G., Afridi, H. I., Arain, M. B. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Hypoglycaemic role of wheatgrass and its effect on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in type II diabetic rats
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency is the major factor for the prognosis of type II diabetes. Consistent high glucose level leads to multiple secondary complications in diabetic patients. Hence, hypoglycaemic drugs are of significance for reducing the risk of secondary complications in type II diabetes. Various hypoglycaemic drugs are already available in the market, but they are associated with several side effects. Therefore, traditional herbs have emerged as safer alternative for effective hypoglycaemic treatment. The juvenile g...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Shakya, G., Randhi, P. K., Pajaniradje, S., Mohankumar, K., Rajagopalan, R. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Comparison of three different cell viability assays for evaluation of vanadyl sulphate cytotoxicity in a Chinese hamster ovary K1 cell line
Previously, evaluation of sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) cytotoxicity after 24 h exposure of Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO-K1) cells revealed different sensitivity of the in vitro assays used starting from the neutral red (NR, 3-amino-7-dimethylamino-2-methylphenazine hydrochloride) test (detecting lysosomal and possibly the Golgi apparatus damage) as the most sensitive followed by the 2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt (XTT) and resazurin (7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one-10-oxide) tests (mitochondrial disruption). The trypan blue (TB) staining (plasma membrane permeability) show...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zwolak, I. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
A comparative pathological finding in pigs exposed to fumonisin B1 and/or Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
A more complicated pathology was observed in female pigs infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, when the same were exposed to 20 ppm dietary levels of fumonisin B1 (FB1) starting 14 days before infection for a period of 42 days as was assessed by gross pathology and pathomorphological examinations or computed tomography, and also manifested by the strong deterioration of the pneumonic process in two pigs and the subsequent euthanizing of one pig. Typical damages in FB1-fed pigs were a strong oedema in the lung and slight oedema in the other internal organs and mild degenerative changes in the kidneys, whereas the typical ...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - May 26, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Posa, R., Stoev, S., Kovacs, M., Donko, T., Repa, I., Magyar, T. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
