Reactive oxygen species induce cell death via Akt signaling in rat osteoblast-like cell line ROS 17/2.8
In bones, osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation. The cell death of osteoblasts may cause a series of bone diseases and lead to bone loss, such as osteoarthrosis, hyperparathyroidism, and Paget’s disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reported as a main factor for osteoblast cell death and further several bone diseases. However, the detailed mechanism is still largely unknown. Here, we found that ROS could induce cell death of rat osteoblast-like cell line ROS 17/2.8 via Akt (protein kinase B). Also, the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling was involved in this process. Our findings could help to revea...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhang, B., Xie, Q.-y., Quan, Y., Pan, X.-m., Liao, D.-f. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Protective effect of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. (family: Fabaceae) leaves against experimentally induced diarrhoea and peristalsis in mice
Conclusion:
The data obtained indicate that the EDSL has antidiarrhoeal and antiperistalsis activities and thus supports its traditional use. The data also show that the plant material given p.o. may be safe and/or non-toxic in mice. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Chandra, P., Sachan, N., Pal, D. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Short-term responses of selected endocrine parameters in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to 4-nonylphenol
The synthetic organic compound 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) has been shown to have a wide range of adverse effects on the endocrine system of various animals including fish. The present study evaluated the potential effects of 4-NP on vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis, steroid, and thyroid hormone concentrations in both juvenile male and female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were exposed by intraperitoneal injection to different doses of 4-NP (1, 10, 50, and 100 μg g–1) or vehicle (coconut oil) over a period of 14 days. Blood samples were collected 7 and 14 days after initiation of treatment. Plasma VTG levels in 4-...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Naderi, M., Zargham, D., Asadi, A., Bashti, T., Kamayi, K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in adolescents from Southeast Bulgarian cities with different levels of air pollution
Epidemiological studies demonstrated that the exposure of different air pollutants including particulate matter (PM) has been related to adverse effect on immune system. Current study was designed to investigate cytokines in blood plasma of adolescent persons continuously exposed to different degrees of ambient air pollutions. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-12p40, and IL-10 were chosen as cytokines of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune response. The peripheral venous blood was taken from adolescents living in the cities of Stara Zagora region, Southeast Bulgaria, that is, in...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Dobreva, Z. G., Kostadinova, G. S., Popov, B. N., Petkov, G. S., Stanilova, S. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effects of nanoparticle zinc oxide on emotional behavior and trace elements homeostasis in rat brain
Over recent years, nanotoxicology and the potential effects on human body have grown in significance, the potential influences of nanosized materials on the central nervous system have received more attention. The aim of this study was to determine whether zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) exposure cause alterations in emotional behavior and trace elements homeostasis in rat brain. Rats were treated by intraperitoneal injection of ZnO NPs (20–30 nm) at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. Sub-acute ZnO NPs treatment induced no significant increase in the zinc content in the homogenate brain. Statistically significant d...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Amara, S., Slama, I. B., Omri, K., Ghoul, J. E., Mir, L. E., Rhouma, K. B., Abdelmelek, H., Sakly, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Comparison of potential protective effects of melatonin and propylthiouracil against lipid peroxidation caused by nitrobenzene in the thyroid gland
Conclusions:
Melatonin can serve as an effective agent in protection against nitrobenzene-induced lipid peroxidation in porcine thyroid. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zasada, K., Karbownik-Lewinska, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Pharmacological evaluation of methanolic leaf extract of Swietenia mahagoni on acrylamide-induced neuropathic pain in rats
The present study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive effects of methanolic leaf extract of Swietenia mahagoni (MESM) on acrylamide-induced painful neuropathy in rats. The intraperitoneal administration of acrylamide (30 mg/kg; for 24 consecutive days) has been employed for the induction of painful neuropathy. Acrylamide induced nociceptive pain sensitive changes, which have been assessed by hot plate, Von Frey Hair, and tail immersion tests at different time intervals, that is, 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24th day. Furthermore, the biochemical changes, that is, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, reduced glutathion...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Vanitha, S., Thiagarajan, V. R. K., Muthuraman, A., Krishnan, S., Aruna, A., Tharabai, R. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Low concentrations of copper in drinking water increase AP-1 binding in the brain
Copper (Cu) in trace amounts is essential for biological organisms. However, dysregulation of the redox-active metal has been implicated in different neurological disorders such as Wilson’s, Menkes’, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s diseases. Since many households use Cu tubing in the plumbing system, and corrosion causes the metal to leach into the drinking water, there may be adverse effects on the central nervous system connected with low-level chronic exposure. The present study demonstrates that treatment with a biologically relevant concentration of Cu for 3 months significantly increases activati...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lung, S., Li, H., Bondy, S. C., Campbell, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Amatoxin and phallotoxin concentration in Amanita phalloides spores and tissues
In this study, the amount of toxin in the spores of A. phalloides was published for the first time, and this study is pioneering to deal with the amount of toxin in mushrooms grown in Turkey. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kaya, E., Karahan, S., Bayram, R., Yaykasli, K. O., Colakoglu, S., Saritas, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The effect of occupational lead exposure on lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and plasma viscosity
In conclusion, occupational Pb exposure induces oxidative stress that results in lipid and protein damage. Moreover, Pb-induced oxidative stress is likely the primary factor that elevates plasma viscosity, despite decreased protein levels. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kasperczyk, S., Słowinska-Łozynska, L., Kasperczyk, A., Wielkoszynski, T., Birkner, E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Renal and hepatotoxic alterations in adult mice on inhalation of specific mixture of organic solvents
This study was aimed at investigating alterations in renal and hepatic toxicity induced by exposing to a combination of three solvents, namely, benzene, toluene and xylene in adult mice. The mice were divided into three groups (control, low-dose-treated (450 ppm) and high-dose (675 ppm) groups) using randomization methods. The treated groups were exposed to vapours of a mixture of benzene, toluene and xylene at doses of 450 and 675 ppm, for 6 h day–1 for a short-term of 7-day exposure period. The study revealed that the solvent exposure resulted in an increase in the weight of liver and kidney as compared to the cont...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ketan, V. K., Bhavyata, K., Linzbuoy, G., Hyacinth, H. N. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Metoprolol and diltiazem ameliorate ziprasidone-induced prolonged corrected QT interval in rats
Ziprasidone, an atypical antipsychotic agent, has been shown to increase the corrected QT (QTc) interval in some patients. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of metoprolol and diltiazem on ziprasidone drug-induced prolonged QTc interval. A total of 24 rats were equally divided into the following four groups: the first group was used as the control and received 1 mL/kg saline; 3 mg/kg ziprasidone and saline were administered to the second group; 3 mg/kg ziprasidone and 1 mg/kg metoprolol were administered to the third group and 3 mg/kg ziprasidone and 2 mg/kg diltiazem were administered to the fourth group. Two...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Erbas, O., Yilmaz, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Awareness assessment of harmful effects of mercury in a health care set-up in India: A survey-based study
Mercury, one of the most toxic heavy metals, is ubiquitous in environment. The adverse health impact of mercury on living organisms is well known. The health care facilities are one of the important sources of mercury release into the atmosphere as mercury items are extensively used in hospitals. To assess the awareness about mercury toxicity and the knowledge of proper handling and disposal of mercury-containing items in health care set–up, a questionnaire-based survey was carried out amongst doctors (n = 835), nurses (n = 610) and technicians (n = 393) in government hospitals, corporate hospitals and primary health...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Halder, N., Peshin, S. S., Pandey, R. M., Gupta, Y. K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Neuroprotective effect of EGb761(R) and low-dose whole-body {gamma}-irradiation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. The present study was undertaken to investigate the pretreatment effects of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761®) and low-dose whole-body -irradiation on the neurological dysfunction in the reserpine model of PD. Male Wistar rats were pretreated orally with EGb761 or fractionated low-dose whole-body -irradiation or their combination, then subjected to intraperitoneal injection of reserpine (5 mg/kg body weight) 24 h after the final dose of EGb761 or radiation. Reserpine injection resulted in the d...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: El-Ghazaly, M. A., Sadik, N. A., Rashed, E. R., Abd-El-Fattah, A. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Bioaccumulation and neurotoxicity of dithiopyridine herbicide in the brain of freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio
The freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio, was exposed to 0.5 mg (30% of median lethal concentration (LC50)), 1.0 mg (60% of LC50), and 1.6 mg (LC50) of dithiopyridine herbicide per liter for acute (24 h) and 1/10 of LC50 (0.2 mg/L/day) for sublethal (1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days) experiments. The herbicide bioaccumulation was significantly affected by the acute exposure levels and the experimental periods and was positively correlated with them. One-way analysis of variance revealed that the acute and sublethal exposure to the herbicide as well as the experimental periods caused significant reduction in the concentrations of catec...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 27, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Morsy, G. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
