Oral ambroxol increases brain glucocerebrosidase activity in a non ‐human primate
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Treatment with 100 mg of ambroxol leads to approximately a 20% increase in brain glucocerebrosidase activity in a nonhuman primate. (Source: Synapse)
Source: Synapse - March 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Anna Migdalska ‐Richards, Wai Kin D. Ko, Qin Li, Erwan Bezard, Anthony H.V. Schapira Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Increased postsynaptic Ca2+ reduces mini frequency at the Drosophila larval NMJ
(Source: Synapse)
Source: Synapse - March 3, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Andrew S. Powers, Jeffrey Grizzaffi, Gregory A. Lnenicka Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Altered Translational Repression of an RNA ‐binding Protein, elav by AOA2‐causative Senataxin Mutation
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Using Drosophila genetics combined with immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we show that expression of AOA2‐causative pathological form of Senataxin alters translational repression of an RNA‐binding protein, Elav. Thus, Senataxin may interact with translational machinery to regulate the cellular proteome. (Source: Synapse)
Source: Synapse - March 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Saumitra Dey Choudhury, Ancy VS, Zeeshan Mushtaq, Vimlesh Kumar Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Brain translocator protein occupancy by ONO ‐2952 in healthy adults: A Phase 1 PET study using [11C]PBR28
This study used the TSPO‐specific PET radioligand [11C]PBR28 to confirm binding of ONO‐2952 to brain TSPO in human subjects, and evaluate brain TSPO occupancy and its relationship with ONO‐2952 plasma concentration.
Sixteen healthy subjects received a single oral dose of 200, 60, 20, or 6 mg ONO‐2952 (n=4 per dose). Two PET scans with [11C]PBR28 were conducted ≤7 days apart: at baseline and 24 hours after ONO‐2952 administration. [11C]PBR28 regional distribution volume (VT) was derived with kinetic modelling using the arterial input function and a two tissue compartment model. Nonspecific binding (VND) was obta...
Source: Synapse - February 27, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: William G Frankle, Rajesh Narendran, Andrew T Wood, Fumitaka Suto, Michael L Himes, Michiyoshi Kobayashi, Tomoya Ohno, Akinori Yamauchi, Katsukuni Mitsui, Kevin Duffy, Bruce Mark Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Investigating the effects of norepinephrine α1 receptor blockade on dopamine levels: A pilot PET study with [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO in controls
Positron emission tomography with [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO was used to explore the impact of prazosin on dopamine levels. Prazosin administration was associated with a decrease of dopamine levels in the dorsal caudate. (Source: Synapse)
Source: Synapse - February 24, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Bernard Le Foll, Thulasi Thiruchselvam, Shawna Xiaoyun Lu, Shakira Mohammed, Esmaeil Mansouri, Dina Lagzdins, Shinichiro Nakajima, Alan A. Wilson, Ariel Graff ‐Guerrero, Patricia Di Ciano, Isabelle Boileau Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: Synapse)
Source: Synapse - February 22, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Cover image
(Source: Synapse)
Source: Synapse - February 22, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research
Visual –tactile processing in primary somatosensory cortex emerges before cross‐modal experience
Abstract
The presumptive unisensory neocortical areas process multisensory information by oscillatory entrainment of neuronal networks via direct cortico‐cortical projections. While neonatal unimodal experience has been identified as necessary for setting up the neuronal networks of multisensory processing, it is still unclear whether early cross‐modal experience equally controls the ontogeny of multisensory processing. Here, we assess the development of visual–somatosensory interactions and their anatomical substrate by performing extracellular recordings of network activity in primary sensory cortices in vivo and a...
Source: Synapse - February 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Malte Bieler, Kay Sieben, Sandra Schildt, Brigitte R öder, Ileana L. Hanganu‐Opatz Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Spread of tau down neural circuits precedes synapse and neuronal loss in the rTgTauEC mouse model of early Alzheimer's disease
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Graphical abstract
Pickett et al show using high‐resolution array tomography imaging (top) that tau protein (blue) spreads from presynaptic terminals (green) of entorhinal cortex neurons (EC) to postsynaptic terminals (red) in the middle molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus (bottom) before substantial synapse loss occurs. This demonstrates that presynaptic terminal degeneration is not necessary for tau to spread through neural circuits. (Source: Synapse)
Source: Synapse - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Eleanor K. Pickett, Christopher M. Henstridge, Elizabeth Allison, Rose Pitstick, Amy Pooler, Susanne Wegmann, George Carlson, Bradley T. Hyman, Tara L. Spires ‐Jones Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Anticonvulsant effect of sodium cyclamate and propylparaben on pentylenetetrazol ‐induced seizures in zebrafish
Abstract
Screening for novel anticonvulsant drugs requires appropriate animal seizure models. Zebrafish provide small, accessible, and cost‐efficient preclinical models applicable to high‐throughput small molecule screening. Based on previous results in rodents, we have here examined the effects of artificial sweetener sodium cyclamate and antimicrobial agent sodium propylparaben on a model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced seizures in zebrafish. Sodium cyclamate reduced the bursts of hyperactivity, the spasms, increased the latency to spasms, and the latency to seizure, while propylparaben increased the latency to...
Source: Synapse - February 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Antonella Pisera ‐Fuster, Sofía Otero, Alan Talevi, Luis Bruno‐Blanch, Ramón Bernabeu Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The role of adiponectin receptors in the regulation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Utilizing fEPSP recording in hippocampal slices the authors showed that adiponectin receptors activation led to a dose‐dependent dampening of LTP. Adiporon (ADPO) had no effect on basal evoked synaptic transmission but it decreased the paired pulse facilitation and the responses during High frequency Stimulation (HFS). A reduction of AMPA receptor‐mediated current is probably involved in the latter effect. (Source: Synapse)
Source: Synapse - February 11, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Filippo Weisz, Sonia Piccinin, Dalila Mango, Richard Teke Ngomba, Nicola B. Mercuri, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Robert Nistic ò Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Neuroprotective effects of extracellular DJ ‐1 on reperfusion injury in SH‐SY5Y cells
graphical abstract
Using an in vitro model of ischemic stroke we treated differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells to oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by a reperfusion period where normal growth conditions were restored. Cells undergoing OGD exhibited significant cell death as measure by propidium iodide staining. However, cells treated with exogenous extracellular DJ‐1 during reperfusion exhibited significant rescue from OGD‐induced cell death. (Source: Synapse)
Source: Synapse - February 7, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Jay Han, Beryl Luk, Frank J.S. Lee Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
BDNF ‐induced endocannabinoid release modulates neocortical glutamatergic neurotransmission
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The authors show that the neurotrophin BDNF modulates presynaptic release probability at cortical glutamatergic synapses via opposing pre‐ and postsynaptic effects. BDNF activates presynaptic trkB receptors to directly enhance release probability, while simultaneously triggering the postsynaptic release of endocannabinoids that act to decrease release via presynaptic CB1 receptors. (Source: Synapse)
Source: Synapse - February 6, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Mason L. Yeh, Rajamani Selvam, Eric S. Levine Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
VTA DA neuron excitatory synapses in Shank3 Δex4–9 mouse line
Abstract
Several mutations within SHANK3 gene have been identified in Autism Spectrum Disorder patients and several studies have now started to show that those mutations could impact different brain circuits leading to the heterogeneity of the disease. Here we show that, compared to a mouse model lacking SHANK3 proline‐rich containing isoforms, in a mouse model lacking SHANK3 ANK(yrin)‐domain containing isoforms, the excitatory synaptic transmission within the Ventral Tegmental Area is not affected. We discuss about the possibility that different domains of SHANK3 are involved in regulating the synapses in a circuit‐...
Source: Synapse - January 26, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Sebastiano Bariselli, Camilla Bellone Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research
Anticonvulsant effect of Sodium cyclamate and propylparaben on PTZ ‐induced seizures in zebrafish
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PTZ induced seizures in zebrafish, suggesting that can be used as a preclinical animal model to study seizure. Using this model, we demonstrate that sodium cyclamate (an artificial sweetener) and propylparaben (antimicrobial agent) modify the seizure threshold.
In red: computer‐generated behavioral traces produced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), valproate (VPA), sodium cyclamate (SC) and propylparaben (PP) exposure in adult zebrafish tested in a 15 minutes observation tank. (Source: Synapse)
Source: Synapse - January 24, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Antonella Pisera ‐Fuster, Sofía Otero, Alan Talevi, Luis Bruno‐Blanch, Ramón Bernabeu Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
