History of reptile placentology, part III: Giacomini ’s 1891 histological monograph on lizard placentation
By the 1890s, placental arrangements had been documented macroscopically in lizards and fishes, but placental studies on such species lagged far behind research on mammals. In 1891, the biologist Ercole Giacomini (at the University of Siena, Italy) published the first histological analysis of a reptile placenta. Focusing on a placentotrophic lizard (Chalcides chalcides) with a morphologically complex placenta, Giacomini documented the histological and cellular bases for placental nutrient transfer and gas exchange. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 30, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: D.G. Blackburn, L. Paulesu, A.M. Avanzati, M. Roth Source Type: research
History of reptile placentology, part III: Giacomini 1891 histological monograph on lizard placentation
By the 1890s, placental arrangements had been documented macroscopically in lizards and fishes, but placental studies on such species lagged far behind research on mammals. In 1891, the biologist Ercole Giacomini (at the University of Siena, Italy) published the first histological analysis of a reptile placenta. Focusing on a placentotrophic lizard (Chalcides chalcides) with a morphologically complex placenta, Giacomini documented the histological and cellular bases for placental nutrient transfer and gas exchange. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 30, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: D.G. Blackburn, L. Paulesu, A.M. Avanzati, M. Roth Source Type: research
Increased trophoblast inclusions in placentas from prematurely born infants: A potential marker of risk for preterm neurodevelopmental outcomes
Trophoblast inclusions (TIs) are placental abnormalities of the trophoblast bilayer. Present in 2 –8% of full-term placentas, they are associated with poor neurodevelopment, including autism. Although previously unstudied, examination of chorionic villi from 108 preterm births revealed a ∼4 fold increase in the frequency of TIs (30.5%). Frequency of TIs was inversely related to gestational a ge (GA); 43% of placentas (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 25, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Morgan R. Firestein, Rosanna Abellar, Michael M. Myers, Martha G. Welch Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Redness discordance in monochorionic twin placentas: Correlation with clinical and placental findings
In this study, we determined the clinicoplacental and choriovascular correlates of basal plate color discordance in monochorionic twin placentas, and assessed its value as postnatal indicator of TAPS. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 25, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Monique E. De Paepe, F üsun Gündoğan, Quanfu Mao, Sharon Chu, Svetlana Shapiro Source Type: research
Toll-like receptor-2 mediates local innate immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi in ex vivo infected human placental chorionic villi explants
Congenital Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that must cross the placental barrier during transmission. The trophoblast constitutes the first tissue in contact with the maternal-blood circulating parasite. Importantly, the congenital transmission rates are low, suggesting the presence of local placental defense mechanisms. On the other hand, the placenta is considered an immune regulatory organ since it acts as a modulator of fetal and maternal immune responses. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 21, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Christian Castillo, Lorena Mu ñoz, Ileana Carrillo, Ana Liempi, Lisvaneth Medina, Norbel Galanti, Juan Diego Maya, Ulrike Kemmerling Source Type: research
Toll-like receptor-2 mediates local innate immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi in ex vivo infected human placental chorionic villi explants
Congenital Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that must cross the placental barrier during transmission. The trophoblast constitutes the first tissue in contact with the maternal-blood circulating parasite. Importantly, the congenital transmission rates are low, suggesting the presence of local placental defense mechanisms. On the other hand, the placenta is considered an immune regulatory organ since it acts as a modulator of fetal and maternal immune responses. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 21, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Christian Castillo, Lorena Mu ñoz, Ileana Carrillo, Ana Liempi, Lisvaneth Medina, Norbel Galanti, Juan Diego Maya, Ulrike Kemmerling Source Type: research
Syncytial nuclei accumulate at the villous surface in IUGR while proliferation is unchanged
Placental syncytiotrophoblast is responsible for feto-maternal nutrient exchange during pregnancy. It is assumed that in IUGR, placental dysfunction is crucially bound to compromised stability and function of syncytiotrophoblast, the latter being related to altered proliferation of villous trophoblast. Cell cycle data obtained on conventional thin sections has produced inconsistent results. In the present study we investigated cell cycle markers found in the villous trophoblast using a novel 3D histological quantification method. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 13, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: E. Haeussner, C. Schmitz, D. Grynspan, F. Edler von Koch, H.-G. Frank Source Type: research
Placental abnormalities differ between small for gestational age fetuses in dichorionic twin and singleton pregnancies
Twin fetuses grow slower during the third trimester compared with singletons. However, the extent to which the relative smallness of twins is the result of placenta-mediated factors similar to those associated with fetal growth restriction in singletons remains unclear. Our aim was to address this question by comparing placental findings between small for gestational age (SGA) twins and SGA singletons. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 13, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Mia Kibel, Michael Kahn, Christopher Sherman, John Kingdom, Arthur Zaltz, Jon Barrett, Nir Melamed Source Type: research
Modelling the effect of intervillous flow on solute transfer based on 3D imaging of the human placental microstructure
This study investigated the effect of maternal blood flow on solute uptake at the micro scale. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 11, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: S. Perazzolo, R.M. Lewis, B.G. Sengers Source Type: research
Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is a mechanistic link between increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in the placentas of pregnancies complicated by growth restriction
Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy have been noted in the placentas of pregnancies complicated by idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); however, the cause of these phenomena remains unclear. We surmised that oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) may increase ER stress and autophagy and that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is involved in regulating placental ER stress and autophagy in pregnancies complicated by IUGR. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 9, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Tai-Ho Hung, T'sang-T'ang Hsieh, Chung-Pu Wu, Meng-Jen Li, Yi-Lin Yeh, Szu-Fu Chen Source Type: research
WITHDRAWN: Preface
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, https://doi.org10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.122. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 6, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Helen Jones, Thomas Jansson Source Type: research
Preface
This issue of Trophoblast Research features invited reviews, which captures the highlights of the 2016 and 2017 Placental Association of the Americas Placenta Satellite Meetings. The 2016 Placenta Satellite Meeting was held March 16th at the Society for Reproductive Investigation (SRI) 63rd annual meeting in Montreal, Canada, whereas the 2017 Meeting took place March 15th in conjunction with the SRI 64th annual meeting in Orlando, FL, USA. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 6, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Helen Jones, Thomas Jansson Source Type: research
Imaging the human placental microcirculation with micro-focus computed tomography: Optimisation of tissue preparation and image acquisition
Micro-CT provides 3D volume imaging with spatial resolution at the micrometre scale. We investigated the optimal human placenta tissue preparation (contrast agent, perfusion pressure, perfusion location and perfusion vessel) and imaging (energy, target material, exposure time and frames) parameters.Microfil (Flow Tech, Carver, MA) produced better fill than Barium sulphate (84.1%( ±11.5%)vs70.4%(±18.02%) p = 0.01). Perfusion via umbilical artery produced better fill than via chorionic vessels (83.8%(±17.7%)vs78.0%(±21.9%), p (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - October 3, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Rosalind Pratt, J. Ciaran Hutchinson, Andrew Melbourne, Maria A. Zuluaga, Alex Virasami, Tom Vercauteren, Sebastien Ourselin, Neil J. Sebire, Owen J. Arthurs, Anna L. David Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Vitamin D attenuates sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-Mediated inhibition of extravillous trophoblast migration
Failure of trophoblast invasion and remodelling of maternal blood vessels leads to the pregnancy complication pre-eclampsia (PE). In other systems, the sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), controls cell migration therefore this study determined its effect on extravillous trophoblast (EVT) function. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - September 30, 2017 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Melissa Westwood, Khiria Al-Sagihir, Sarah Finn-Sell, Cherlyn Tan, Elizabeth Cowley, St éphane Berneau, Daman Adlam, Edward D. Johnstone Source Type: research
