Macrophage- but not monocyte-derived extracellular vesicles induce placental pro-inflammatory responses
The placenta sheds extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, into the maternal circulation. We recently demonstrated that this trafficking of EVs is bi ‐directional; with uptake of macrophage exosomes by the placenta inducing cytokine release. The specificity of this response is currently unknown. THP-1 cells were cultured as monocytes or differentiated to macrophages, and EVs isolated by ultra-centrifugation. The effect of EVs on human placent al explants was measured by cytokine ELISA/luminex. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 23, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Thomas F. Rice, Beverly Donaldson, Marielle Bouqueau, Beate Kampmann, Beth Holder Source Type: research
Dynamic glucose enhanced MRI of the placenta in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation
We investigated the feasibility of dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) MRI in accessing placental function in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammatory injury (IUI). DGE uses the glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) effect to reflect infused d-glucose. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 20, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Dan Wu, Jiadi Xu, Jun Lei, Michael Mclane, Peter C. van Zijl, Irina Burd Source Type: research
Comparative determination of placental perfusion by magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in a murine model of intrauterine growth restriction
The objective of this study was to assess the potential value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for examining placental perfusion in a murine model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We also studied the reproducibility of perfusion quantification by CEUS. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 18, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: C.-J. Arthuis, V. Mendes, S. M ême, W. Même, C. Rousselot, N. Winer, A. Novell, F. Perrotin Source Type: research
Asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in preeclampsia – Systematic review and meta-analysis
Preeclampsia (PE) is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality around the world. The impaired function of fetal –placental vasculature is a key factor in PE. Several studies have investigated the connection between PE and endothelial dysfunction. Also, many authors have examined the changes in asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a prominent marker of endothelial dysfunction. Our study aim is to review and analyse the connections between PE and ADMA levels. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 18, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Bal ázs Németh, Edit Murányi, Péter Hegyi, Péter Mátrai, Zsolt Szakács, Péter Varjú, Szilárd Hamvas, Benedek Tinusz, Ferenc Budán, József Czimmer, Bálint Bérczi, Bálint Erőss, Zoltán Gyöngyi, István Kiss Source Type: research
Impairment of trophoblast survival and differentiation by LXR ligands is prevented by cholesterol but not ABCA1 silencing
The Liver X Receptors (LXRs) drive the transcriptional response to excess intracellular cholesterol. Oxysterols, the products of cholesterol oxidation, are activating ligands for LXR that can accumulate under conditions of oxidative stress and disrupt cholesterol homeostasis. While activation of LXR inhibits trophoblast differentiation, the impact of LXR on trophoblast physiology or cholesterol homeostasis is incompletely understood. We sought to determine if the effects of LXR activation can be ameliorated through modification of cholesterol bioavailability or inhibition of LXR-driven cholesterol efflux in trophoblasts. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 10, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: C. Miles Harmon, Stacy McGonigal, Jacob C. Larkin Source Type: research
Regulation of human placental drug transporters in HCV infection and their influence on direct acting antiviral medications
The objectives of this study were to determine how HCV infection affects placental drug transporters, and to determine the role of drug transporters on the cellular accumulation of direct-acting antiviral drugs in human trophoblasts. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 10, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Emily Pfeifer, Jessica Parrott, Gene T. Lee, Ericka Domalakes, Helen Zhou, Lily He, Clifford W. Mason Source Type: research
Fetal-placental crosstalk occurs through fetal cytokine synthesis and placental clearance
Cytokines modulate fetal well-being and contribute to parturition. Their origin in fetal blood, whether maternal, placental or fetal, at the time of parturition remains unclear. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 10, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Imran N. Mir, Lina F. Chalak, Sarah Johnson-Welch, Larry S. Brown, Jie Liao, Christopher Longoria, Rashmin C. Savani, Charles R. Rosenfeld Source Type: research
Sex-specific and lasting effects of a single course of antenatal betamethasone treatment on human placental 11 β-HSD2
We have previously shown that even a single course of antenatal betamethasone (BET) as an inductor for lung maturity reduces birth weight and head circumference. Moreover, animal studies link BET administration to alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-gland-axis (HPA). The unhindered development of the fetal HPA axis is dependent on the function and activity of 11 β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), a transplacental cortisol barrier. Therefore, we investigated the effects of BET on this transplacental barrier and fetal growth. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 10, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: F. Braun, A.K. Hardt, L. Ehrlich, D.M. Sloboda, J.R.G. Challis, A. Plagemann, W. Henrich, T. Braun Source Type: research
Abnormal steroidogenesis and aromatase activity in preeclampsia
Estrogens and progesterone play critical roles in angiogenesis and vasodilation. Moreover, placental aromatase deficiency is detected in women with preeclampsia (PE) at delivery. We hypothesized that abnormal steroidogenesis occurs much earlier than typical PE diagnosis. Thus, we investigated whether the circulating steroid profile was already disturbed at 24 –29 weeks of gestation in women with subsequent PE, and compared the profile with that of women with “placental” small gestational age (SGA) without PE. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 7, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Nadia Berkane, Philippe Liere, Guillaume Lefevre, Nadia Alfaidy, Roland Abi Nahed, Jessica Vincent, Jean-Paul Oudinet, Antoine Pianos, Annie Cambourg, Patrick Rozenberg, Pierre Galichon, Alexandra Rousseau, Tabassome Simon, Michael Schumacher, Nathalie Ch Source Type: research
Differential expression of Leukemia inhibitory factor and insulin like growth factor-1 between normal pregnancies, partial hydatidiform moles and complete hydatidiform moles
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are two of the most important growth factors mediating trophoblast actions. We hypothesized that the localization and expression patterns of LIF and IGF-1 in partial and complete hydatidiform moles (HM) compared with normal first trimester placentas may provide an understanding of the proliferative processes in HMs. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 6, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Ozge Senem Yucel cicek, Emine Rumeysa Hekimoglu, Mert Turgal, Pergin Atilla, Ayse Nur Cakar, Alp Usubutun, Mehmet Sinan Beksac Source Type: research
Decreased apparent diffusion coefficient in the placentas of monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of ADC with sIUGR in MC twin pregnancies by exploring diffusion weighted MR imaging (DWI). (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 5, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Le Fu, Jun Zhang, Shiyi Xiong, Minghua Sun Source Type: research
Abstracts for the forthcoming International Federation of Placenta Associations Meeting, Tokyo, Japan September 21 - 24, 2018
(Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 4, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Source Type: research
Embryonic lethality in mice due to carnitine transporter OCTN2 defect and placental carnitine deficiency
l-Carnitine plays a crucial role in uptake and subsequent β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondria. Placental trophoblast cells oxidize long-chain fatty acids for energy production. Here we present data showing that l-carnitine deficiency due to a defect in the carnitine transporter OCTN2 (SLC22A5) in a mouse model leads to embryonic leth ality. Placental levels of l-carnitine are reduced to (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 2, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Prem S. Shekhawat, Srinivas Sonne, Dietrich Matern, Vadivel Ganapathy Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
The problem with using the birthweight:placental weight ratio as a measure of placental efficiency
The ratio of birthweight to placental weight (BW:PW) is often used as a measure of placental efficiency in humans and animals. However, ratios have properties that are known to lead to spurious results. An alternative approach is the use of residuals from regression, which reflect whether birthweight is higher or lower than expected for a given placental weight, given the population pattern. We hypothesized that biologically meaningful measures of placental efficiency would differ between placentas with and without pathology, and between adverse and normal perinatal and postnatal outcomes. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 2, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Julian K. Christians, David Grynspan, Susan L. Greenwood, Mark R. Dilworth Source Type: research
Postpartum placental CT angiography in normal pregnancies and in those complicated by diabetes mellitus
This study aimed to investigate the fetoplacental vascular volume by placental CT angiography in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by type 1 DM (T1DM), diet controlled gestational DM (GDMd), and insulin treated gestational DM (GDMi). (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - July 2, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Mette Østergaard Thunbo, Marianne Sinding, Pauline Bogaard, Anne Sofie Korsager, Jens Brøndum Frøkjær, Lasse Riis Østergaard, Astrid Petersen, Anne Sørensen Source Type: research
