Growth disparity of motherless children might be attributed to a deficient intake of high-quality nutrients
We hypothesized that single-parent children (SPC) are retarded in growth compared with both-parent children (BPC), and that motherless children (MC) are affected differently than fatherless children (FC). Moreover, the growth disparity between SPC and BPC might be attributed to a deficient nutrient intake. Data from 2967 children between the ages of 2 and 18 were extracted from four recent waves (2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in order to compare the growth status of SPC and BPC and to investigate the association between growth indicators and nutrition status. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - November 13, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hui Wang, Xu Tian, Shaowei Wu, Zhibin Hu Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Combination of the anthocyanidins malvidin and peonidin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory gene expression in primary human adipocytes
We recently demonstrated that California table grapes and a methanol-extractable, polyphenol-rich fraction decreased adiposity, insulin resistance, or markers of inflammation in high-fat fed mice. Malvidin and peonidin glycosides were the 2 most abundant anthocyanins in the polyphenol-rich fraction. We hypothesized that a blood borne combination of anthocyanidins malvidin and peonidin derived from intestinal β-glycosidase metabolism of these 2 anthocyanins are responsible, in part, for the beneficial health effects observed in vivo. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - November 8, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jessica D. Mackert, Michael K. McIntosh Source Type: research
Combination of the anthocyanidins malvidin and peonidin attenuates LPS-mediated inflammatory gene expression in primary human adipocytes
We recently demonstrated that California table grapes and a methanol-extractable, polyphenol-rich fraction decreased adiposity, insulin resistance, or markers of inflammation in high-fat fed mice. Malvidin and peonidin glycosides were the two most abundant anthocyanins in the polyphenol-rich fraction. We hypothesized that a blood borne combination of anthocyanidins malvidin and peonidin derived from intestinal β-glycosidase metabolism of these two anthocyanins are responsible, in part, for the beneficial health effects observed in vivo. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - November 8, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jessica D. Mackert, Michael K. McIntosh Source Type: research
The therapeutic potential of metabolic hormones in the treatment of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's Disease
Aging leads to a number of physiological alterations, specifically, changes in circulating hormone levels, increases in fat deposition, decreases in metabolism, changes in inflammatory responses, and reductions in growth factors. These progressive changes in physiology and metabolism are exacerbated by modern culture and Western diet and give rise to diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type-2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes (T2D). These age and life-style related metabolic diseases are often accompanied by insulin and leptin resistance, as well as aberrant amylin production and signaling. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - November 7, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: John Grizzanti, Hyoung-Gon Lee, Antoni Camins, Merce Pallas, Gemma Casadesus Source Type: research
Peroxisome proliferator –activated receptor γ down-regulation mediates the inhibitory effect of d-δ-tocotrienol on the differentiation of murine 3T3-F442A preadipocytes
The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of d-δ-tocotr ienol on 3T3-F442A preadipocyte differentiation and the involvement of PPARγ and mevalonate. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - November 2, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sheida Torabi, Hoda Yeganehjoo, Chwan-Li Shen, Huanbiao Mo Source Type: research
PPAR γ downregulation mediates the inhibitory effect of d-δ-tocotrienol on the differentiation of murine 3 T3-F442A preadipocytes
The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of d-δ-tocotrienol on 3 T3-F442A pread ipocyte differentiation and the involvement of PPARγ and mevalonate. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - November 2, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sheida Torabi, Hoda Yeganehjoo, Chwan-Li Shen, Huanbiao Mo Source Type: research
Low muscle mass is associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 –2011
Little is known about the relationship between low muscle mass (LMM) and metabolic risk factors in adolescents. We hypothesized that LMM in adolescents is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, in Korean adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1420 participants (749 males and 671 females), aged 12 –19 years, who participated in the 2009–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was divided by body weight, and any value below the lower quintile of the study population, according to each age and sex category, was considered to represent...
Source: Nutrition Research - November 1, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jeong-Hyeon Kim, Yong Soon Park Tags: Communication Source Type: research
Nucleoprotein supplementation enhances the recovery of rat soleus mass with reloading after hindlimb unloading-induced atrophy via myonuclei accretion and increased protein synthesis
Hindlimb unloading results in muscle atrophy and a period of reloading has been shown to partially recover the lost muscle mass. Two of the mechanisms involved in this recovery of muscle mass are the activation of protein synthesis pathways and an increase in myonuclei number. The additional myonuclei are provided by satellite cells that are activated by the mechanical stress associated with the reloading of the muscles and eventually incorporated into the muscle fibers. Amino acid supplementation with exercise also can increase skeletal muscle mass through enhancement of protein synthesis and nucleotide supplements can pr...
Source: Nutrition Research - October 22, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ryosuke Nakanishi, Yusuke Hirayama, Minoru Tanaka, Noriaki Maeshige, Hiroyo Kondo, Akihiko Ishihara, Roland R. Roy, Hidemi Fujino Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
High-fat Western diet –induced obesity contributes to increased tumor growth in mouse models of human colon cancer
In this study, our objectives were to establish mouse models to examine the effects of high-fat Western diet –induced obesity on the growth of human colon cancer tumor xenografts, and to examine potential mechanisms driving obesity-linked human colon cancer tumor growth. We hypothesize that mice rendered insulin resistant due to consumption of a high-fat Western diet will show increased and accelerated t umor growth. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - October 19, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ann Marie O'Neill, Christine M. Burrington, Erin A. Gillaspie, Darin T. Lynch, Melissa J. Horsman, Michael W. Greene Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Nutrition: Ethical Issues and Challenges
The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - October 19, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Robert B Rucker, Michael R Rucker Source Type: research
Nutrition: Ethical Issues and Challenges
For nutrition and its associated disciplines, ethical considerations related to research are often complicated by factors that range from the use of experimental research designs that are overly holistic to inextricable links between nutrition research and marketing. As a consequence, there is the need for constant vigilance to assess and deal with apparent conflicts of interest. Also, there are few scientific disciplines that are defined by cultural, religious, or political codifications as is nutrition. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - October 19, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Robert B Rucker, Michael R Rucker Source Type: research
High fat western diet induced obesity contributes to increased tumor growth in mouse models of human colon cancer
In this study, our objective was to establish mouse models to examine the effects of high fat western diet-induced obesity on the growth of human colon cancer tumor xenografts, and examine potential mechanisms driving obesity-linked human colon cancer tumor growth. We hypothesize that mice rendered insulin resistant due to consumption of a high fat western diet will show increased and accelerated tumor growth. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - October 19, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ann Marie O'Neill, Christine M. Burrington, Erin A. Gillaspie, Darin T. Lynch, Melissa J. Horsman, Michael W. Greene Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
A high-fat diet differentially regulates glutathione phenotypes in the obesity-prone mouse strains DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, and AKR/J
The ubiquitous tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is a critical component of the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Tissue GSH concentrations and redox status (GSH/GSSG) are genetically controlled, but it is unclear whether interactions between genetic background and diet affect GSH homeostasis. The current study tested the hypothesis that a high-fat diet regulates GSH homeostasis in a manner dependent on genetic background. At four months of age, female mice representing three obesity-prone inbred strains ― C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2), and AKR/J (AKR) ― were randomly assigned to consume a control (10% energy from fat) or...
Source: Nutrition Research - October 16, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Katie M. Norris, Whitney Okie, Woo Kyun Kim, Roshan Adhikari, Sarah Yoo, Stephanie King, Robert Pazdro Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Changes in intestinal immunity, gut microbiota, and expression of energy metabolism –related genes explain adenoma growth in bilberry and cloudberry-fed ApcMin mice
We showed previously that ellagitannin-rich cloudberries and anthocyanin-rich bilberries reduce the number of intestinal adenomas in multiple intestinal neoplasia/+ (ApcMin) mice. We also found that cloudberries decreased the size of adenomas, whereas bilberries increased it. Here we hypothesized that the difference in adenoma growth could be explained by dissimilar effects of the berries on intestinal immune responses and gut microbiota, potentially driven by the distinct polyphenol compositions of the 2 berries. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - October 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Essi P äivärinta, Mikael Niku, Johanna Maukonen, Markus Storvik, Anu Heiman-Lindh, Maria Saarela, Anne-Maria Pajari, Marja Mutanen Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Phenylpropanoids from Cinnamon bark reduced β-amyloid production by the inhibition of β-secretase in CHO cells stably expressing amyloid precursor protein
Beta-amyloid (A β) is a substance of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is generated via the amyloidogenic pathway from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase. Inhibition of Aβ production is a potential therapeutic approach to AD. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that cinnamon bark (Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus), the dried bark of Cinnamomum cassia Blume (Lauraceae), and its constituents are beneficial to AD. The methanol extract of cinnamon bark efficiently reduced Aβ40 production in CHO cells - stably expressing APP (APP-CHO), as determined by ELISA. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - October 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Yu Jeong Kang, Dae-Gun Seo, So-Young Park Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
