Plasma Trans-fatty Acids Concentrations Continue to Be Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Adults after Reductions in Trans-fatty Acid Intake
No study examined and compared the association between intake of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) and risk of metabolic syndrome before and after significant reduction of TFA intakes in the U.S. population. We hypothesized that the relationship might remain significant after substantial reduction of TFA intakes in the population. We used data on 1442 and 2233 adults aged ≥20years from NHANES 1999–2000 and 2009–2010, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between plasma TFA concentrations and metabolic syndrome, including each of its 5 components. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 17, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Zefeng Zhang, Cathleen Gillespie, Quanhe Yang Source Type: research
Consumption of a liquid high-fat meal increases triglycerides but decreases high density lipoprotein cholesterol in abdominally-obese subjects with high postprandial insulin resistance
Abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance, which may be a potential contributor to dyslipidemia. However, the relationship between postprandial insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in abdominally-obese subjects remains unknown. We hypothesized that postprandial dyslipidemia would be exaggerated in abdominally-obese subjects with high postprandial insulin resistance. To test this hypothesis, serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were measured at baseline and postprandial state at 0.5,...
Source: Nutrition Research - May 17, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Feng Wang, Huixia Lu, Fukang Liu, Huizhen Cai, Hui Xia, Fei Guo, Yulan Xie, Guiling Huang, Miao Miao, Guofang Shu, Guiju Sun Source Type: research
Educational level and family structure influence the dietary changes after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: evidence from the E3N study
The objective of our study was to test the hypothesis that socioeconomic factors impact the change of diet after T2D diagnosis. The 57304 French women included in the present study answered food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) in 1993 and 2005, questionnaires on socioeconomic factors, and were free from T2D in 1993. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Francesca Romana Mancini, Aurelie Affret, Courtney Dow, Beverley Balkau, H élène Bihan, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Fabrice Bonnet, Guy Fagherazzi Source Type: research
Proportional Bias between Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Varies Based on Sex in Active Adults Consuming High- and Low-Carbohydrate Diets
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are common methods of body composition assessment, but the agreement between these methods varies. Bias between DXA and single-frequency BIA was evaluated at six different time points in 48 active male and female adults consuming standardized high- and low-carbohydrate diets. It was hypothesized that fixed and proportional biases exist between DXA and BIA, but that the extent of bias does not differ based on sex. Substantial fixed bias was present for estimates obtained by DXA and BIA, and both males and females exhibited proportional bias fo...
Source: Nutrition Research - May 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Grant M. Tinsley Source Type: research
The influence of the position of palmitate in infant formula triacylglycerols on health outcomes
The purpose of this review is to discuss recent studies reporting on the influence of the position of palmitic acid in triacylglycerols in infant formula and relevant animal studies. Earlier experiments in rodents show that a diet with a higher proportion of palmitate at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols improves dietary fat and calcium absorption compared to a diet with a lower sn-2 palmitate content. A high sn-2 palmitate diet increased fecal short chain fatty acids, reduced gut inflammation in a colitis model, and altered tissue endocannabinoid concentrations in laboratory rodents. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Elizabeth A. Miles, Philip C. Calder Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Reduced water intake deteriorates glucose regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes
Epidemiological research has demonstrated that low daily total water intake is associated with increased diagnosis of hyperglycemia. Possible mechanisms for this increase include hormones related to the hypothalamic pituitary axis as well as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS). Therefore, the hypothesis of the present study was that acute low water intake would result in differential hormonal profiles and thus impaired blood glucose regulation during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in people with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Evan C. Johnson, Costas N. Bardis, Lisa T. Jansen, J.D. Adams, Tracie W. Kirkland, Stavros A. Kavouras Source Type: research
Effectiveness of nutritional and exercise interventions to improve body composition and muscle strength or function in sarcopenic obese older adults: A systematic review
Although sarcopenic obesity (SO) poses a major public health concern, a robust approach for the optimization of body composition and strength/function in SO has not yet been established. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of nutritional (focusing on energy and protein modulation) and exercise interventions, either individually or combined, on body composition and strength/function in older adults with SO. MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus were searched. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 11, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Christos Theodorakopoulos, Jacklyn Jones, Elaine Bannerman, Carolyn A. Greig Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Daidzein stimulates osteogenesis facilitating proliferation, differentiation, and antiapoptosis in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells via estrogen receptor –dependent MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt activation
Daidzein, a natural soy isoflavone, has a structure similar to estradiol and exhibiting bone-sparing effects against osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of osteogenesis remain unclear. We hypothesized that daidzein stimulates osteogenesis through estrogen receptor (ER) –dependent signal pathways. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of daidzein compared with 17β-estradiol on proliferation, differentiation, and cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells containing 2 ER isoforms. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 6, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Xin Jin, Jing Sun, Bo Yu, Yue Wang, Wei Jia Sun, Jing Yang, Su Hui Huang, Wen Li Xie Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Daidzein stimulates osteogenesis facilitating proliferation, differentiation and anti-apoptosis in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells via ER-dependent MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt activation
Daidzein, a natural soy isoflavone, has a structure similar to estradiol and exhibiting bone-sparing effects against osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of osteogenesis remain unclear. We hypothesized that daidzein stimulates osteogenesis through estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent signal pathways. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of daidzein compared with 17 β-estradiol (E2) on proliferation, differentiation and cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells containing two ER isoforms. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 6, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Xin Jin, Jing Sun, Bo Yu, Yue Wang, Wei Jia Sun, Jing Yang, Su Hui Huang, Wen Li Xie Source Type: research
High-fat diet –induced plasma protein and liver changes in obese rats can be attenuated by melatonin supplementation
Obesity triggers changes in protein expression in various organs that might participate in the pathogenesis of obesity. Melatonin has been reported to prevent or attenuate such pathological protein changes in several chronic diseases. However, such melatonin effects on plasma proteins have not yet been studied in an obesity model. Using a proteomic approach, we investigated the effect of melatonin on plasma protein profiles after rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. We hypothesized that melatonin would attenuate abnormal protein expression in obese rats. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 5, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Prapimpun Wongchitrat, Paul Klosen, Supitcha Pannengpetch, Kuntida Kitidee, Piyarat Govitrapong, Chartchalerm Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Baccaurea angulata fruit juice ameliorates altered hematological and biochemical biomarkers in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits
Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor linked to the alteration of blood hematology and clinical chemistry associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit. We hypothesized that the oral administration of BA fruit juice could ameliorate the alteration in the hematological and biochemical biomarkers of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of BA juice on the hematological and biochemical biomarkers in normo- and ...
Source: Nutrition Research - May 5, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Idris Adewale Ahmed, Maryam Abimbola Mikail, Muhammad Ibrahim Source Type: research
High-fat diet-induced plasma protein and liver changes in obese rats can be attenuated by melatonin supplementation
Obesity triggers changes in protein expression in various organs that might participate in the pathogenesis of obesity. Melatonin has been reported to prevent or attenuate such pathological protein changes in several chronic diseases. However, such melatonin effects on plasma proteins have not yet been studied in an obesity model. Using a proteomic approach, we investigated the effect of melatonin on plasma protein profiles after rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. We hypothesized that melatonin would attenuate abnormal protein expression in obese rats. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 5, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Prapimpun Wongchitrat, Paul Klosen, Supitcha Pannengpetch, Kuntida Kitidee, Piyarat Govitrapong, Chartchalerm Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya Source Type: research
Elental ® amino acid component has protective effects on primary cultured hepatocytes and a rat model of acute liver injury
In this study, we examined the protective effects of amino acids on the liver using in vitro and in vivo models, by studying their influence on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide production as a liver injury marker in cultured hepatocytes and liver-protective effects in D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-treated rats, respectively. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 5, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hirokazu Miki, Katsuji Tokuhara, Masaharu Oishi, Yoshito Tanaka, Richi Nakatake, Yosuke Ueyama, Masaki Kaibori, Mikio Nishizawa, Tadayoshi Okumura, Masanori Kon Source Type: research
Omega-3 free fatty acids attenuate insulin-promoted breast cancer cell proliferation
High insulin levels in obese people are considered as a risk factor to induce breast carcinogenesis. And consumption of fish oils which mainly contain omega-3 fatty acids is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. However, whether omega-3 free fatty acids (FFAs) modulate insulin signaling pathway to prevent breast cancer is poorly understood. The current study tested the hypothesis that omega-3 FFAs attenuate insulin-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and regulate insulin signaling pathway. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 4, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Yang Guo, Sheng-long Zhu, Yi-kuan Wu, Zhao He, Yong-quan Chen Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Omega-3 free fatty acids attenuate insulin-promoted breast cancer cells proliferation
High insulin levels in obese people are considered as a risk factor to induce breast carcinogenesis. And consumption of fish oils which mainly contain omega-3 fatty acidsis associated with the reduced risk of breast cancer. However, whether omega-3 free fatty acids (FFAs) modulate insulin signaling pathway to prevent breast cancer is poorly understood. The current study tested the hypothesis that omega-3 FFAs attenuate insulin induced breast cancer cell proliferation and regulate insulin signaling pathway. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - May 4, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Yang Guo, Sheng-long Zhu, Yi-kuan Wu, Zhao He, Yong-quan Chen Source Type: research
