Twin metabolomics: The key to unlocking complex phenotypes in nutrition research
Twin studies are a valuable resource for studying phenotypes and their underlying biology. Heritability estimates based on the classic twin model show that genes influence human traits including health, diet and food choice. Metabolomics is a promising tool in nutrition and health research where complex metabolite profiles reflect the metabolic effects of foods and diets as well as the biological pathways associated with diet-related diseases. In recent years, publications arising from twin research have incorporated metabolomic analysis, providing insights into genetic and environmental influences on metabolomic profiles....
Source: Nutrition Research - January 29, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Rebecca Barron, Kate Bermingham, Lorraine Brennan, Eileen R. Gibney, Michael J. Gibney, Miriam F. Ryan, Aifric O’Sullivan Tags: Review Source Type: research
Associations of Red and Processed Meat with Survival among Patients with Cancers of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract and Lung
The effect of red and processed meats on cancer survival is unclear. We sought to examine the role of total and processed red meat consumption on all-cause mortality among patients with cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and lung, in order to test our hypothesis that red or processed meat was associated with overall mortality in these patients. Using data from a population-based case–control study conducted in Los Angeles County, we conducted a case-only analysis to examine the association of red or processed meat consumption on mortality after 12 years of follow-up, using a diet history questionnaire. (Sour...
Source: Nutrition Research - January 26, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Fayth L. Miles, Shen-Chih Chang, Hal Morgenstern, Donald Tashkin, Jian-Yu Rao, Wendy Cozen, Thomas Mack, Qing-Yi Lu, Zuo-Feng Zhang Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Supplemental arginine above the requirement during suckling causes obesity and insulin resistance in rats
Nutrition in early life is important in determining susceptibility to adult obesity, and arginine may promote growth acceleration in infants. We hypothesized that maternal arginine supplementation may promote growth in their pups and contribute to obesity and alteration of the metabolic system in later life. Dams and pups of Wistar rats were given a normal diet (15% protein) as a control (CN) or a normal diet with 2% arginine (ARG). Altered profiles of free amino acids in breast milk were observed in that the concentrations of threonine and glycine were lower in the ARG dams compared to the CN dams. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - January 26, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Lila Otani, Tomomi Mori, Ayaka Koyama, Shin-Ichiro Takahashi, Hisanori Kato Source Type: research
Trans fatty acid intake is related to emotional affect in the Adventist Health Study-2
Trans fatty acids in Western diets increase health risks, and have been associated with the risk of depression. We hypothesized that intakes of trans fatty acids (primarily from margarines and baked goods) were inversely associated with positive affect and positively associated with negative affect in a longitudinal study. Church attendees residing in North America completed a food frequency questionnaire in 2002-6 as part of the Adventist Health Study-2. A subset in which we excluded participants with established cardiovascular disease (n=8,771) completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in 2006-7. (Sourc...
Source: Nutrition Research - January 22, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Patricia A. Ford, Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, Jerry W. Lee, Serena Tonstad Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Medium chain triglycerides and conjugated linoleic acids in beverage form increase satiety and reduce food intake in humans
Both developed and developing countries are seeing increasing trends of obesity in people young and old. It is thought satiety may play a role in the prevention of obesity by increasing satiety and reducing energy intake. We hypothesized that medium chain triglycerides (MCT) would increase satiety and decrease food intake compared to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and a control oil. 19 healthy participants were tested on three separate occasions, where they consumed a beverage test breakfast containing either (1) vegetable oil (control) (2) CLA or (3) MCT. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - January 22, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hannah Coleman, Paul Quinn, Miriam E. Clegg Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
fatty acid intake is related to emotional affect in the Adventist Health Study-2
Trans fatty acids in Western diets increase health risks, and have been associated with the risk of depression. We hypothesized that intakes of trans fatty acids (primarily from margarines and baked goods) were inversely associated with positive affect and positively associated with negative affect in a longitudinal study. Church attendees residing in North America completed a food frequency questionnaire in 2002-6 as part of the Adventist Health Study-2. A subset in which we excluded participants with established cardiovascular disease (n=8,771) completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in 2006-7. (Sourc...
Source: Nutrition Research - January 22, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Patricia A. Ford, Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, Jerry W. Lee, Serena Tonstad Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Medium-chain triglycerides and conjugated linoleic acids in beverage form increase satiety and reduce food intake in humans
Both developed and developing countries are seeing increasing trends of obesity in people young and old. It is thought that satiety may play a role in the prevention of obesity by increasing satiety and reducing energy intake. We hypothesized that medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) would increase satiety and decrease food intake compared with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and a control oil. Nineteen healthy participants were tested on 3 separate occasions, where they consumed a beverage test breakfast containing (1) vegetable oil (control), (2) CLA, or (3) MCT. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - January 21, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hannah Coleman, Paul Quinn, Miriam E. Clegg Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Genistein decreases basal hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 protein expression and activity in Swiss Webster mice
Soy consumption has been associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases such as cancer. One proposed mechanism for cancer prevention by soy is through decreasing cytochrome P450 1A1 (Cyp1a1) activity. However, it is not known with certainty which soy components modulate Cyp1a1, nor the characteristics or mechanisms involved in the responses following short-term ( (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - January 8, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Erik B. Froyen, Francene M. Steinberg Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
High dietary calcium intake and a lack of dairy consumption are associated with metabolic syndrome in obese males: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 to 2012
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been increasing rapidly worldwide and is associated with elevated risks of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The relationship between MetS and dietary calcium intake is controversial. We hypothesized that high dietary calcium intake is associated with MetS in males, and that the associations vary according to obesity status. Using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V, a cross-sectional survey of Korean civilians was conducted from January 2010 to December 2012 to test these hypotheses. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - January 8, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Bo-Ra Shin, Yeon-Kyeong Choi, Ha-Na Kim, Sang-Wook Song Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Higher levels of serum lycopene are associated with reduced mortality in individuals with metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of mortality. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation may play an important role in the high mortality of individuals with metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have suggested that lycopene intake might be related to the reduced oxidative stress and decreased inflammation. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we examined the hypothesis that lycopene is associated with mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - January 8, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Guang-Ming Han, Jane L. Meza, Ghada A. Soliman, K.M. Monirul Islam, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
High compliance with dietary recommendations in a cohort of meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans: results from the EPIC-Oxford study
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in dietary intakes between 30 251 participants in the EPIC-Oxford study, comprising 18 244 meat-eaters, 4 531 fish-eaters, 6 673 vegetarians and 803 vegans aged 30-90 years, who completed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. We hypothesized that these groups characterized by varying degrees of animal product exclusion have significantly different intakes of many nutrients, with possible implications for dietary adequacy and compliance with population dietary goals. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - January 6, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jakub G. Sobiecki, Paul N. Appleby, Kathryn E. Bradbury, Timothy J. Key Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
High compliance with dietary recommendations in a cohort of meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Oxford study
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in dietary intakes between 30251 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Oxford study, comprising 18 244 meat eaters, 4 531 fish eaters, 6 673 vegetarians, and 803 vegans aged 30 to 90 years who completed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. We hypothesized that these groups characterized by varying degrees of animal product exclusion have significantly different intakes of many nutrients, with possible implications for dietary adequacy and compliance with population dietary goals. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - January 5, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jakub G. Sobiecki, Paul N. Appleby, Kathryn E. Bradbury, Timothy J. Key Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Supplementation with Angelica keiskei inhibits expression of inflammatory mediators in the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori-infected mice
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastric ulceration and carcinogenesis. The oxidant-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) regulates expression of inflammatory mediators such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). These inflammatory mediators increased in gastric mucosal tissues from patients infected with H. pylori. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - January 5, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Aryoung Kim, Joo Weon Lim, Hoguen fme, Hyeyoung Kim Source Type: research
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Mitigates Testosterone-Related Changes in Body Composition in Male Guinea Pigs
We hypothesize that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may be effective in preventing the changes in total and regional body composition, and increases in interleukin (IL) -6 that occur as a result of hypogonadism. Male guinea pigs (n=40, 70-72 wk retired breeders) were block randomized by weight into 4 groups: 1) sham surgery (SHAM)/control (CTRL) diet, 2) SHAM/conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) diet (1%), 3) orchidectomy (ORX)/CTRL diet, 4) ORX/CLA diet. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were performed at baseline and wk16 to assess body composition. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - January 5, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Susan Q. Yang, Jason R. DeGuire, Paula Lavery, Ivy L. Mak, Hope A. Weiler, Sylvia Santosa Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
DHA at the sn-2 position of structured triacylglycerols improved n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid assimilation in tissues of hamsters
In this study, we hypothesized that the incorporation of DHA in tissues will be higher when it is ingested as a TAG-structured at the sn-2 position, which enhances efficacy and health benefits of dietary DHA n-3 supplementation. Ten-week old Golden Syrian male hamsters were randomly allocated into four dietary groups with ten animals in each: linseed oil (LSO; control group), fish oil (FO), fish oil ethyl esters (FO-EE) and structured DHA at the sn-2 position of TAG (DHA-SL). After 12 weeks, there were no variations in the hamsters’ body composition parameters across dietary groups. (Source: Nutrition Research)
Source: Nutrition Research - January 5, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Narcisa M. Bandarra, Paula A. Lopes, Susana V. Martins, Júlia Ferreira, Cristina M. Alfaia, Eva A. Rolo, Jorge J. Correia, Rui M.A. Pinto, Rebeca P. Ramos-Bueno, Irineu Batista, José A.M. Prates, José L. Guil-Guerrero Source Type: research
