Lack of pro-algesic effect of polysulfide compound dimethyl trisulfide and Cav 3.2 calcium channles in mild heat injury-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice
Polysulfides activate TRPA1 receptors of sensory neurons that are involved in mechanical hyperalgesia. Activation of sensory neurons might cause somatostatin (SOM) release. SOM works analgesic via sst4 receptors. CaV 3.2 calcium channels participate in hydrogen sulfide-induced pain. We wished to examine the effect of polysulfide-driven TRPA1 activation on mechanical hyperalgesia focusing on the roles of sst4 receptors and CaV 3.2 calcium channels. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gabor Pozsgai, Reka Sebestyen-Batai, Elise Steen, Zsuzsanna Helyes, Erika Pinter Source Type: research
Amylin, a novel neuropeptide expressed in the medial preoptic area, has anti-depression-like actions in postpartum mice
Amylin, a neuropeptide previously known as a pancreatic hormone, was found expressed in the preoptic area of mother rats in our previous microarray study. Amylin is not present in the brain before and during pregnancy but it is abundantly expressed in rats and mice immediately after parturition in the medial preoptic area, whose lesion abolishes maternal behaviors. Ovariectomy had no effect on amylin levels suggesting steroid independent mechanisms. Amylin expression was, however, induced in maternally behaving (sensitized) virgin females. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Éva R. Szabó, Melinda Cservenák, Thomas A. Lutz, Árpád Dobolyi Source Type: research
The neurokinin-1 receptor is involved in the mediation of endotoxin-induced fever in mice
The substance P-the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor system was shown to mediate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever, but the fever response to LPS has not been compared between NK1 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Valeria Tekus, Eszter Pakai, Krisztina Pohoczky, Robert Matics, Renata Schipp, Agnes Kemeny, Erika Pinter, Andras Garami Source Type: research
Alarin: a new catabolic neuropeptide
Introduction: Obesity, a severe public health burden, is also observed in other mammals, therefore regulatory alterations may also be assumed in its background. Regulatory neuropeptides of energy homeostasis regulate body weight (BW), metabolic rate (MR) and core body temperature (Tc). Anabolic peptides increase BW via inducing food intake (FI) and suppressing MR and Tc, catabolic ones show opposite effects. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marta Balasko, Alexandra Miko, Ildiko Rostas, Szilvia Soos, Susanne Brunner, Barbara Kofler, Erika Petervari Source Type: research
Combining CRISPrs with Comparative genomics; a gateway to rapidly unlocking the effects of genetic and epigenetic variation on the galaninergic system
The galaninergic system modulates appetite, pain, and mood making the system an excellent target for the development of drugs against obesity, chronic pain and depression. However, genetic analysis has only had limited success in associating specific coding sequence variants with disease susceptibility and the effects of epigenetic modification on the galaninergic system has hardly begun. Using comparative genomics we identified an enhancer region 42kb 5 ’ of the GAL gene coding region; called GAL5.1, that was active in paraventricular nucleus (PVN), amygdala and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alasdair MacKenzie, Elizabeth Hay Source Type: research
Inputs and activational mechanisms of preoptic galanin neurons in mother rats
Galanin neurons in the preoptic area gained recent interest as they demonstrate Fos activation in response to pup exposure and their selective ablation led to the cessation of maternal behaviors. Here, we identified distinct populations of galanin neurons in the preoptic area of rat dams, which also contain oxytocin. Injecting retrograde tracer around preoptic galanin neurons led to the appearance of labeled cells in a distinct part of the posterior thalamus, the posterior intralaminar nucleus (PIL). (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Arp ád Dobolyi Source Type: research
Galanin receptor ligands
The effect of galanin is mediated through three GPCR subtypes, GalR1-3. The limited number of specific ligands to the galanin receptor subtypes has hindered the understanding of the individual effects of each receptor subtype. This review summarizes the current data of the importance of the galanin receptor subtypes and receptor subtype specific agonists and antagonists and their involvement in different biological and pathological functions. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ulo Langel Source Type: research
NAX 810-2, A Novel Galanin-Based Therapy for Epilepsy
The endogenous neuropeptide galanin and its associated receptors play an important role in the control of seizures and are therefore an attractive therapeutic target. However, developing neuropeptides as therapeutics has been challenging due to poor metabolic stability and lack of blood-brain barrier penetration. Furthermore, activation of peripheral GalR1 receptors results in hyperglycemia due to inhibition of insulin release. We have applied a novel technology platform to develop galanin analogs that are metabolically stable, maintain low nanomolar affinity for galanin receptors, and following systemic administration are...
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cameron Metcalf, Brian Klein, Daniel McDougle, Liuyin Zhang, Grzegorz Bulaj, H. Steve White Source Type: research
The galanin receptor 3 antagonist SNAP 37889 induces apoptosis in vitro
Galanin and its receptors (GAL1-3) modulate a range of neuronal, immune and vascular activities. In vivo administration of SNAP 37889 a potent small non-peptidergic antagonist of GAL3, reportedly reduces anxiety- and depression-related behavior in rodent models. Accordingly, SNAP 37889 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent to treat anxiety and depression related disorders. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicity of SNAP 37889 to different cell types. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Andreas Koller, Raphaela Rid, Marlena Beyreis, Rodolfo Bianchini, Barbara S. Holub, Andreas Lang, Felix Locker, Bernhard Brodowicz, Ognjen Velickovic, Martin Jakab, Hubert Kerschbaum, Kamil Önder, Barbara Kofler Source Type: research
Effects of galanin n-terminal fragment (1-15) in the light/dark and tail suspension tests
Galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) [Gal(1-15)] is involved in mood regulation. The intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of Gal(1-15) produces a depressive-like behaviour in the forced swim test (FST) and an anxiety-like behaviour in the open field test (OF) in rats. In this work we analyze the effect of Gal(1-15) in two more behavioural tests, the tail suspension test (TLT) and the light/dark test. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Antonio Flores-Burgess, Carmelo Mill ón, Manuel Narváez, Luis Santín, José Angel Narváez, Zaida Díaz-Cabiale Source Type: research
GALR1/GALR2 Knockdown rats block the Depression and Anxiogenic effects induced by GAL(1-15): The Heterodimer GALR1/GALR2 as a target of GAL(1-15)
The Galanin N-terminal fragment(1-15) [GAL(1-15)] induces depressant-and anxiogenic-like actions. In this work, we have studied the role of GALR2 and GALR1 on the effects of GAL(1-15) in the Forced Swimming Test (FST) and Open Field Test (OFT) using siRNA GALR2 and GALR1 knockdown rats. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Carmelo Mill ón, Flores-Burgess Antonio, Narvaez Manuel, O Borroto-Escuela Dasiel, Santín Luis, Parrado Concención, Narvaez Jose Angel, Fuxe Kjell, Diaz-Cabiale Zaida Source Type: research
Galanin decreases npyy1r internalization and β-Arrestin2 recruitment
We have recently described a Galanin receptor 2(GALR2) and Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor(NPYY1R) interaction at behavioural, cellular and receptor levels through GALR2/NPYY1R heterodimers. The aim of this work was to study if GALR2 and NPYY1R costimulation modified NPYY1R internalization and β-Arrestin recruitment after in HEK293T cells. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Manuel Narvaez, Dasiel Borroso-Escuela, Carmelo Millon, Antonio Flores-Burgess, Belen Gago, Luis Santin, Kjell Fuxe, Jose Angel Narvaez, Zaida Diaz-Cabiale Source Type: research
A role for galanin receptor 3 in reducing murine autoimmune arthritis
The regulatory neuropeptide galanin (GAL) dampens neurogenic inflammation, modulates neutrophil (PMN) activation and is involved in adjuvant arthritis. However, literature on the role of GAL receptors (GAL1-3) in arthritis is lacking. Among the GAL receptors GAL3 was found to be the most abundantly expressed on the vasculature and on some immune cells. The aim of this study was to elucidate if GAL3 plays a role in a complex model of rheumatoid arthritis. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: B álint Botz, Ágnes Kemény, Susanne Brunner, Felix Locker, Janka Csepregi, Attila Mócsai, Erika Pintér, Jason McDougall, Barbara Kofler, Zsuzsanna Helyes Source Type: research
The role of galanin receptor 3 on inflammation and regeneration of the murine skin
The neuropeptide galanin inhibits neurogenic inflammation and associated plasma extravasation in the skin via activation of GAL3. Therefore the aim of the present study was to elucidate if GAL3 also has a role in murine Psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis and wound healing. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Felix Locker, Susanne Brunner, Silvia Vidali, Roland Lang, Balint Botz, Zsuzsanna Helyes, Barbara Kofler Source Type: research
Galanin and the vasculature in the skin
Galanin and galanin binding sites are present around skin blood vessels. In accordance with its vascular localization, galanin has a vasomodulatory activity in an animal model of neurogenic inflammation. Our preliminary results demonstrate GAL3 immunoreactivity in the human dermal microvasculature. Therefore, we analyzed GAL3 immunoreactivity in normal and pathologic skin and performed co-staining with anti-nestin and anti-CD31 antibodies. GAL3 was immunolocalized in larger blood vessels in healthy and psoriatic skin samples. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Barbara Holub, Sabine Ebner, Andreas Koller, Barbara Kofler, Roland Lang Source Type: research
