Editorial Board
(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cardiovascular responses to intranasal neuropeptide Y in single prolonged stress rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Delivery of neuropeptide Y (NPY) to the brain by intranasal administration shows promise as non-invasive means for preventing or treating PTSD symptoms. Here, radiotelemetry and echocardiography were used to determine effects of intranasal NPY on cardiovascular functions in absence and presence of stress. Male adult Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with radiotelemetric probes, and subjected to single prolonged stress (SPS), followed by intranasal vehicle (V) or NPY (150 μg) under conditions shown to prevent development of many of the behavioral neuroendocrine and biochemical impairments. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Robert Camp, Charles T. Stier, Lidia I. Serova, Jaclyn McCloskey, John G. Edwards, Miguel Reyes-Zaragoza, Esther L. Sabban Source Type: research
The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus plays an important role in anxiolytic-like effect of neuropeptide S
Neuropeptide S (NPS), the endogenous neuropeptide ligand of NPSR, has been reported to regulate anxiety-related behavior involved in multiple brain regions, including amygdale, locus coeruleus and Barrington's nucleus. However, little research has been conducted on the anxiolytic-like behaviors of NPS on the hypothalamus, which was an important area in defensive behavior. Here, we investigated a role of hypothalamus in anxiolytic-like behaviors of NPS. We found that NPSR protein of mouse distributed mainly in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 7, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jin Hong Jiang, Ya Li Peng, Pei Jiang Zhang, Hong Xiang Xue, Zhen He, Xue Ya Liang, M. Chang Source Type: research
Neuropeptide Y Y2 antagonist treated ovariectomized mice exhibit greater bone mineral density
In this study, ovariectomized (OVX) mice were injected once daily with JNJ-31020028, a brain penetrant Y2 receptor small molecule antagonist to determine the effects on bone formation. Antagonist treated mice had reduced weight and showed increased whole-body bone mineral density compared to vehicle-injected mice. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 7, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: K.L. Seldeen, P.G. Halley, C.H. Volmar, M.A. Rodr íguez, M. Hernandez, M. Pang, S.K. Carlsson, L.J. Suva, C. Wahlestedt, B.R. Troen, S.P. Brothers Source Type: research
Peptide YY (3 –36) modulates intracellular calcium through activation of the phosphatidylinositol pathway in hippocampal neurons
Peptide YY (PYY) belongs to the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family, which also includes the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and NPY. PYY is secreted by the intestinal L cells, being present in the blood stream in two active forms capable of crossing the blood brain barrier, PYY (1 –36) and its cleavage product, PYY (3–36). PYY is a selective agonist for the Y2 receptor (Y2R) and these receptors are abundant in the hippocampus. Here we investigated the mechanisms by which PYY (3–36) regulates intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in hippocampal neurons by employing a calcium imaging technique in hippocampal cultures. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 6, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Michelle Flores Domingues, D ênis Reis de Assis, Angela Regina Piovesan, Cháriston André Dal Belo, Jaderson Costa da Costa Source Type: research
Neurogenesis and morphological-neural alterations closely related to amyloid β-peptide (25–35)-induced memory impairment in male rats
Memory impairment by the Amyloid- β 25–35 (Aβ25–35) peptide in animal models has provided an understanding of the causes behind the similar deterioration that occurs in Alzheimer's disease. However, it is uncertain if a decrease of dendritic spines and neurogenesis conduces to cognitive impairment by an impairment in the retri eval of stored memory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of impairment on spatial memory caused by the administration of the Aβ25–35 peptide in the hippocampus, which is associated whit morphological changes and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG). (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 6, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Eleazar Ram írez, Liliana Mendieta, Gonzalo Flores, I. Daniel Limón Source Type: research
Local injection of d-lys-3-GHRP-6 in the rat amygdala, dentate gyrus or ventral tegmental area impairs memory consolidation
In this study the effect of injection of a GHS-R1a selective antagonist (d-Lys-3-GHRP-6) into the basolateral amygdala, dentate gyrus or ventral tegmental area was examined on memory consolidation in the passive avoidance task. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 4, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Siamak Beheshti, Neda Aslani Source Type: research
Effects of intermedin on autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intermedin (IMD) on autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (CIRI). (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - November 2, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Meng Wang, Jing Wang, Zhengang Liu, Xin Guo, Ning Wang, Nana Jia, Yanshu Zhang, Jie Yuan Source Type: research
Oxidative stress in the optic nerve and cortical visual area of steptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats: Blockade with a selective bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist
The role of bradykinin B1 receptors on the oxidative stress as measured by the levels of Na+/K+ ATPase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in male Wistar rat optic nerve and visual cortex area 1 and 4weeks after STZ treatment was studied. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6 –7): 1. Controls (non-diabetics); 2. Diabetics (65mg/kg streptozotocin, STZ); 3. Diabetics injected with B1 antagonist R-954 (2mg/Kg) during the last 3days of a one week period; 4. Diabetics injected with B1 antagonist R-954 (2mg/Kg) during the last 3days of a 4week period. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 25, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Orlando L. Catanzaro, Jorgelina Aira Capponi, Irene Di Martino, Emilio S. Labal, Pierre Sirois Source Type: research
Humanin affects object recognition and gliosis in short-term cuprizone-treated mice
Humanin (HN) is a 24-residue peptide that manipulates cell survival under various stresses. A highly potent HN derivative, HNG, reduced amyloid burden and neuroinflammation and suppressed cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Cuprizone (CPZ), a copper chelator, provokes demyelination in the central nervous system of mice. A shorter (one week) exposure to CPZ induces schizophrenia-like behavior and glial activation prior to demyelination. We tested the effect of HNG on these short-term responses to CZP in mice. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Minetaka Murakami, Masatoshi Nagahama, Yoichiro Abe, Takako Niikura Source Type: research
Analgesic and anxiolytic effects of [Leu31,Pro34]-neuropeptide Y microinjected into the periaqueductal gray in rats
Several reports have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in food intake, epilepsy, circadian rhythms, drug seeking, pain and anxiety, and other physiological or pathological conditions. On the other hand, periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a key brain center for modulating pain, anxiety and fear. It is the main structure implicated in integrated defensive behaviors. One such behavior, tonic immobility (TI), resembles fear and is able to induce analgesia. After microinjection of [Leu31,Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y ([Leu31,Pro34]-NPY) into the PAG dorsal (D) or ventrolateral (VL) of adult male Wistar rats, the following pa...
Source: Neuropeptides - October 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Priscila V ázquez-León, Luis G. Mendoza-Ruiz, Eduardo Ramírez-San Juan, German Alberto Chamorro-Cevallos, Abraham Miranda-Páez Source Type: research
(R)- α-Lipoyl-Gly-l-Pro-l-Glu dimethyl ester as dual acting agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
In this study, effects of LA-GPE (R- α-Lipoyl-Gly-l-Pro-l-Glu dimethyl ester) and GPE (Gly-L-Pro-L-Glu) on the cytotoxic action of Aβ1–42 were tested with differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells as cellular Alzheimer model via measurements of mitochondrial viability (MTT assay) and lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH assay) . Effects of LA-GPE and GPE on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) levels, and neural cell apoptosis and necrosis were also determined. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 2, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lisa Marinelli, Erika Fornasari, Antonio Di Stefano, Hasan Turkez, Mehmet Enes Arslan, Piera Eusepi, Michele Ciulla, Ivana Cacciatore Source Type: research
The pharmacology and therapeutic potential of cannabinoids
Cannabinoids constitute a broad range of compounds just some of which interact with CB1 and/or CB2 receptors, orthosterically as direct agonists or antagonists, or allosterically as positive or negative allosteric modulators (PAMs or NAMs). They include (i) synthetic compounds, (ii) Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), that are produced by cannabis and therefore known as phytocannabinoids, (iii) compounds produced by mammalian tissues and hence known as endocannabinoids and (iv) phytocannabinoids that interact potently only with certain non-CB1/ CB2 pharmacological targets. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Roger Pertwee Source Type: research
NAP protects cognition in the disrupted in schizophrenia (mutated DISC1) mouse mode
Original studies suggested that microtubule stabilization may provide neuroprotection in schizophrenia. Mutated disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a microtubule regulating protein, leads to schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses. The NAP (NAPVSIPQ) sequence of the vasoactive intestinal peptide regulated, activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), contains the SxIP motif, microtubule end binding (EB) protein target, which is critical for microtubule dynamics leading to synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Illana Gozes, Sinaya Vaisburd, Zeev Shemer Source Type: research
