Effects of PACAP on the secretions of tear and saliva in mouse
Functional disorder of tears and saliva secretion is a major cause of dry eye and dry mouth syndrome in human. However, an effective treatment of the syndrome has yet to be established. Our study was started based on the finding of a new phenotype in PACAP null mice, which show dry eye-like symptoms, corneal keratinization and tear reduction. PACAP and its receptor were expressed in mouse lacrimal glands, and PACAP eye drops stimulated tear secretion via PACAP specific receptor, PAC1R with an adenylate cyclase/cAMP/PKA cascade. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tomoya Nakamachi, Jun Watanabe, Tamotsu Seki, Hirokazu Ohtaki, Seiji Shioda Source Type: research
Food intake-related effect of alarin, a new member of the galanin peptide family
Introduction: Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder in Western societies. Mammals also tend to grow obese by middle age, thus autonomic regulatory alterations in energy balance involving peptide systems may also be assumed in the background. The contribution of alarin, a new member of the galanin peptide family to the regulation of energy metabolism has been suggested as an orexigenic peptide. However, our previous data revealed its slowly developing hypermetabolic effects that would rather characterize a catabolic peptide with anorexigenic actions. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marta Balasko, Alexandra Miko, Nora Furedi, Szilvia Soos, Susanne Brunner, Barbara Kofler, Erika Petervari Source Type: research
A role for galanin receptor 3 in reducing murine autoimmune arthritis
The regulatory neuropeptide galanin (GAL) dampens neurogenic inflammation, modulates neutrophil (PMN) activation and is involved in adjuvant arthritis. However, literature on the role of GAL receptors (GAL1-3) in arthritis is lacking. Among the GAL receptors GAL3 was found to be the most abundantly expressed on the vasculature and on some immune cells. The aim of this study was to elucidate if GAL3 plays a role in a complex model of rheumatoid arthritis. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: B álint Botz, Ágnes Kemény, Susanne Brunner, Felix Locker, Janka Csepregi, Attila Mócsai, Erika Pintér, Jason McDougall, Barbara Kofler, Zsuzsanna Helyes Source Type: research
Study of chemical coding of the CSMG neurons supplying prepyloric region of the porcine stomach following acetylsalicylic acid supplementation and after partial stomach resection
We investigated chemical coding of the sympathetic perikarya innervating the stomach prepyloric area in physiological state, following prolonged aspirin supplementation and after partial stomach resection in immature pigs. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katarzyna Palus, Jaroslaw Calka Source Type: research
Expression of SP, CGRP, NOS, VIP and GAL in the porcine NG neurons supplying prepyloric stomach region following acetylsalicylic acid supplementation and partial stomach resection
We analyzed expression of SP, CGRP, NOS, VIP and GAL in the porcine nodose ganglion (NG) sensory neurons innervating prepyloric stomach region in physiological state, following gastritis evoked by acetylsalicylic acid supplementation and after partial stomach resection in immature pigs. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liliana Rytel, Jaroslaw Calka Source Type: research
Changes in expression of somatostatin in the CSMG neurons supplying prepyloric area of the porcine stomach during gastritis induced by intragastric infusion of hydrochloric acid
We studied localization and chemical expression of somatostatin (SOM) in the CSMG perikarya supplying the porcine stomach prepyloric area in physiological state and during gastritis induced by intragastric infusion of hydrochloric acid. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katarzyna Palus, Jaroslaw Calka Source Type: research
Expression and inflammation-induced alterations of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channels in the human gastric mucosa
The importance of sensory-immune interactions in gastritis has recently been emphasized with special focus on Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 and Ankyrin 1 (TRPV1, TRPA1) ion channels. They are mainly localized on capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, activated by several spices and inflammatory substances, and mediate thermo and pain sensation, neurogenic inflammation. Since their presence on several non-neuronal cells is well-described but their functional relevance is unknown, we investigated TRPV1 and TRPA1 expressions in the human gastric mucosa at mRNA and protein levels, as well their alterations in gastritis...
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kata Cseko, Balint Szalontai, Krisztina Pohoczky, Ivett Hegedus, Aniko Perkecz, Anita Illes, Aron Vincze, Jozsef Czimmer, Imre Szabo, Zsuzsanna Helyes Source Type: research
Prolactin sensitive galanin neurons in the medial preoptic area
Intracellular signaling pathway for prolactin involves phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 proteins. We confirmed previous studies that 2 hours suckling resulted in a widespread induction of pSTAT5 in some forebrain regions such as the arcuate nucleus, the para- and periventricular nuclei, the medial preoptic area, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the medial amygdala. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Melinda Cserven ák, Éva R. Szabó, Viktor Kis, Arpád Dobolyi Source Type: research
Blockade of neuropeptide Y2 receptor regulates gene expression in pathways of lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells
Neuropeptide Y(NPY)/NPY2 receptor(NPY2R) is involved in the stress-induced visceral obesity in mice. We have previously reported the association between 5'-flanking region of NPY2R gene SNPs and plasma HDL-cholesterol levels in healthy subjects. Plasma HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly different in subjects with each SNPs (rs6857530; GG (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hidesuke Kaji, Masayo Nagai, Akiko Hamaue, Maiko Mori Source Type: research
The neuropeptide galanin modulates natural killer cell function
Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system and combat pathogens and tumors by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon gamma and by their cytotoxic action. Galanin is a neuropeptide widely expressed in the central nervous system, but also in peripheral tissues where it impacts several physiological functions, including feeding, nociception and inflammation. The effects of galanin are mediated via three G-protein coupled receptors, GAL1-3. Since other neuropeptides have been shown to regulate natural killer cell activity, we investigated the potential of galanin to modulate human natural killer ce...
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Andreas Koller, Rodolfo Bianchini, Sandra Schlager, Christian M ünz, Silke Wiesmayr, Barbara Kofler Source Type: research
The galanin receptor 3 antagonist SNAP 37889 induces apoptosis in vitro
Galanin and its receptors (GAL1-3) modulate a range of neuronal, immune and vascular activities. In vivo administration of SNAP 37889 a potent small non-peptidergic antagonist of GAL3, reportedly reduces anxiety- and depression-related behavior in rodent models. Accordingly, SNAP 37889 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent to treat anxiety and depression related disorders. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicity of SNAP 37889 to different cell types. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Andreas Koller, Raphaela Rid, Marlena Beyreis, Rodolfo Bianchini, Barbara S. Holub, Andreas Lang, Felix Locker, Bernhard Brodowicz, Ognjen Velickovic, Martin Jakab, Hubert Kerschbaum, Kamil Önder, Barbara Kofler Source Type: research
The role of galanin receptor 3 on inflammation and regeneration of the murine skin
The neuropeptide galanin inhibits neurogenic inflammation and associated plasma extravasation in the skin via activation of GAL3. Therefore the aim of the present study was to elucidate if GAL3 also has a role in murine Psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis and wound healing. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Felix Locker, Susanne Brunner, Silvia Vidali, Roland Lang, Balint Botz, Zsuzsanna Helyes, Barbara Kofler Source Type: research
The role of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin1 receptor in β-amyloid1-42-induced cholinergic neurodegeneration in the basal forebrain
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition causing severe dementia. The basal forebrain cholinergic (BFC) neurons play essential roles in memory and learning, they are highly affected in AD. The undegradable β-amyloid oligomer plaques cause neuronal damage in the substantia innominata-nucleus basalis magnocellularis complex (SI-NBM) and somatosensory cortical projection areas of the BFC neurons. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Maja Payrits, Éva Szoke, Zsuzsanna Helyes, István M. Ábrahám, Erika Pintér Source Type: research
Thermoregulatory effects of alarin, a new member of the galanin peptide family
In the background of obesity regulatory alterations in energy balance affecting peptide systems may also be assumed. Regulation of energy balance does not only involve maintenance of body weight but also that of metabolic rate and core temperature. Anabolic mediators with coordinated actions induce weight gain via increasing food intake with simultaneous hypometabolism and tendency for hypothermia, while catabolic mediators act in an opposite way. The contribution of alarin, a new member of the galanin peptide family, to the regulation of energy metabolism has been suggested. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alexandra Miko, Peter Balla, Judit Tenk, Marta Balasko, Szilvia Soos, Susanne Brunner, Barbara Kofler, Erika Petervari Source Type: research
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channels are expressed and upregulated in response to estrogen in the rat endometrium
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels expressed predominantly on peptidergic sensory nerves are activated by inflammatory stimuli and mediate neuro-immune interactions related to inflammation and pain. They were shown in human endometrium, estrogen-induced TRPV1 up-regulation in the human uterus suggests its potential involvement in pain during the reproductive cycle. Therefore, we investigated estrogen- and progesterone-dependent alterations of these channels in the rat endometrium. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Krisztina Poh óczky, József Kun, Bálint Szalontai, Éva Szőke, Éva Sághy, Maja Payrits, Anikó Perkecz, József Környei, János Garai, András Garami, Krisztina Kovács, Béla Kajtár, Levente Czeglédi, Zsuzsanna Helyes Source Type: research
