Arginine vasopressin relates with spatial learning and memory in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Spinocerebellar ataxia is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that the most prevalent type is type 3 (SCA3). Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is released within the lateral septum for controlling the learning and memory. This communication studied the effect of AVP on the spatial learning and memory of SCA3 mice. The spatial learning and memory were analyzed by Morris water maze test (MWM), and AVP concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that (Alves et al., 2010) the swimming velocity, distance traveled and latency to the platform of MWM in SCA3 mice were reduced slower than those in WT mice over 4...
Source: Neuropeptides - June 5, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hong-Bo Jiang, Ai-Lin Du, Hai-Yang Luo, Jun Yang, Xiao-Qiu Luo, Rui-Qing Ma, Chang-He Shi, Yu-Ming Xu Source Type: research
Glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin synergistically activate vagal afferent neurons
Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and pancreatic insulin, released postprandially, commonly regulate glucose metabolism. Recent clinical experience indicates that the GLP-1R agonist and insulin in combination, compared to insulin alone, results in better glycemic and weight controls in type 2 diabetic patients. These observations suggest possible interactive effect of these hormones. These hormones, in addition to peripherally controlling glycemia, exert central regulation of food intake and glucose metabolism, the effect at least partly mediated by signaling to the brain via the vagal afferents. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - May 25, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yusaku Iwasaki, Chayon Goswami, Toshihiko Yada Source Type: research
Neuropeptides: A promising target for treating seizures
Seizures are serious neurological disorders affecting nearly 50 million people worldwide. Seizures are characterized by abnormal, repetitive and synchronised firing of the neurons which is produced as a result of imbalance in the levels of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Neuropeptides are found to regulate seizures by rectifying this imbalance. These neuropeptides are stored in the dense core synaptic vesicles, and are released on excitation. This review focuses on certain neuropeptides which can alleviate both, the effects of seizures as well as epileptogenesis. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - May 23, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Neethi Menon, Kedar S. Prabhavalkar, Lokesh K. Bhatt Tags: News and reviews Source Type: research
Inhibitory effect of angiotensin (1-7) on angiotensin III-induced nociceptive behaviour in mice
We have previously demonstrated that the intrathecal (i.t.) administration of angiotensin (Ang) II into mice produces a nociceptive behaviour consisting of scratching, biting and licking accompanied by the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the spinal cord, which was mediated through AT1 receptors. Both the p38 MAPK phosphorylation and subsequent nociceptive behaviour were attenuated by the i.t. co-administration of Ang (1-7), an N-terminal fragment of Ang II, that acted via Mas receptors. On the other hand, a C-terminal fragment of Ang II, namely Ang III, was also shown to induce a nociceptive behaviour by acting upon AT1 rec...
Source: Neuropeptides - May 23, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wataru Nemoto, Ryota Yamagata, Yoshiki Ogata, Osamu Nakagawasai, Takeshi Tadano, Koichi Tan-No Source Type: research
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Source: Neuropeptides - May 21, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
First study on the peptidergic innervation of the brain superior sagittal sinus in humans
The superior sagittal sinus (SSS) of the mammalian brain is a pain-sensitive intracranial vessel thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches. Here, we aimed to investigate the presence and the potential co-localization of some neurotransmitters in the human SSS. Immunohistochemical and double-labeling immunofluorescence analyses were applied to paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded, coronal sections of the SSS. Protein extraction and Western blotting technique were performed on the same material to confirm the morphological data. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 24, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Simone Sampaolo, Giovanna Liguori, Alfredo Vittoria, Filomena Napolitano, Luca Lombardi, Javier Figols, Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone, Teresa Esposito, Giuseppe Di Iorio Source Type: research
Spinal neuropeptide modulation, functional assessment and cartilage lesions in a monosodium iodoacetate rat model of osteoarthritis
Characterising the temporal evolution of changes observed in pain functional assessment, spinal neuropeptides and cartilage lesions of the joint after chemical osteoarthritis (OA) induction in rats. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 24, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Colombe Otis, Martin Guillot, Maxim Moreau, Johanne Martel-Pelletier, Jean-Pierre Pelletier, Francis Beaudry, Eric Troncy Source Type: research
Targeted high-resolution quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry analyses reveal a significant reduction of tachykinin and opioid neuropeptides level in PC1 and PC2 mutant mouse spinal cords
Tachykinin and opioid neuropeptides play a fundamental role in pain transmission, modulation and inhibition. The proteolysis control of endogenous tachykinin and opioid neuropeptides has a significant impact on pain perception. The role of proprotein convertases (PCs) in the proteolysis of proneuropeptides was previously established but very few studies have shown the direct impact of PCs on the regulation of specific tachykinin and opioid peptides in the central nervous system. There is an increasing interest in the therapeutic targeting of PCs for the treatment of pain but it is imperative to assess the impact of PCs on ...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 21, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mouna Saidi, Francis Beaudry Source Type: research
Centrally located GLP-1 receptors modulate gastric slow waves and cardiovascular function in ferrets consistent with the induction of nausea
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are indicated for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes and obesity, but can cause nausea and emesis in some patients. GLP-1 receptors are distributed widely in the brain, where they contribute to mechanisms of emesis, reduced appetite and aversion, but it is not known if these centrally located receptors also contribute to a modulation of gastric slow wave activity, which is linked causally to nausea. Our aim was to investigate the potential of the GLP-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4, administered into the 3rd ventricle to modulate emesis, feeding and gastric slow wave activity. ...
Source: Neuropeptides - April 21, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zengbing Lu, Chi-Kong Yeung, Ge Lin, David T.W. Yew, P.L.R. Andrews, John A. Rudd Source Type: research
Neuropeptide S increases motor activity and thermogenesis in the rat through sympathetic activation
We examined the central role of NPS for body temperature, energy expenditure, locomotor activity and adrenal hormone secretion in rats. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of NPS increased body temperature in a dose-dependent manner. Energy consumption and locomotor activity were also significantly increased by icv injection of NPS. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Takuya Ensho, Keiko Nakahara, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Noboru Murakami Source Type: research
Neuronal cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells as a functional tool of melanocortin system
The preparation of human neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can serve as a potential tool for evaluating the physiological and pathophysiological properties of human neurons and for drug development. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 7, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nobuko Yamada-Goto, Yukari Ochi, Goro Katsuura, Yui Yamashita, Ken Ebihara, Michio Noguchi, Junji Fujikura, Daisuke Taura, Masakatsu Sone, Kiminori Hosoda, Paul E. Gottschall, Kazuwa Nakao Source Type: research
Short N-terminal galanin fragments are occurring naturally in vivo
The galanin family currently consists of four peptides, namely galanin, galanin-message associated peptide, galanin-like peptide and alarin. Unlike galanin that signals through three different G protein-coupled receptors; GAL1, GAL2, and GAL3, binding at its N-terminal end, the cognate receptors for other members of the galanin family are currently unknown. Research using short N-terminal galanin fragments generated either by enzymatic cleavage or solid-phase synthesis has revealed differences in their receptor binding properties exerting numerous biological effects distinct from galanin(1-29) itself. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 7, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Robert Ihnatko, Elvar Theodorsson Source Type: research
Cloning and expression patterns of neuromedin U and its receptors in pigs
In this study, we cloned the pig NMU, NMUR1 and NMUR2 genes. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that the pig NMU cDNA encoded the amino acids Phe-Leu-Phe-Arg-Pro-Arg-Asn-NH2 at the C-terminus and that the NMU receptors, which are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), contained the seven transmembrane domains typical of GPCRs. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 6, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Xiang Li, Mingfu Niu, Juan Su, Zhiyu Ma, Mengmeng Jin, Wenna Qiao, Ying Zhang, Yanyan Feng, Na An, Yuanlong Hou, Shen Yang, Suo Chuan, Zhihai Lei Source Type: research
GalR3 mediates galanin proliferative effects on postnatal hippocampal precursors
Galanin, a neuropeptide co-released from noradrenergic and serotonergic projection neurons to the dentate gyrus, has recently emerged as an important mediator for signaling neuronal activity to the subgranular neurogenic stem cell niche supporting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Galanin and its receptors appear to play key roles in depression-like behavior, and effects on hippocampal neurogenesis are relevant to pharmacological strategies for treating depression, which in part appear to rely on restoring altered neurogenesis. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 5, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: D. Khan, M. Khan, Johan Runesson, M. Zaben, W.P. Gray Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Effect of amyloid- Β (25–35) in hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic rats, effects on phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation of tau protein
Aggregation of the amyloid beta (A β) peptide and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, which are markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been reported also in diabetes mellitus (DM). One regulator of tau phosphorylation is O-GlcNAcylation, whereas for hyperphosphorylation it could be GSK3beta, which is activated in hyperglycemic c onditions. With this in mind, both O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of tau protein were evaluated in the brain of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and treated with the Aß25–35 peptide in the hippocampal region CA1. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - April 5, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liliana Lozano, Jorge Guevara, Tony Lefebvre, Ivan E. Ramos-Martinez, Daniel Lim ón, Alfonso Díaz, Eduarda Cerón, Edgar Zenteno Source Type: research
