Cellular effects of AP102, a somatostatin analog with balanced affinities for the hSSTR2 and hSSTR5 receptors
Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are first-line medical therapy for the treatment of acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors that express somatostatin receptors (SSTR). Somatostatin suppresses secretion of a large number of hormones through the stimulation of the five SSTR. However, unbalanced inhibition of secretion as observed with the highly potent SSAs pasireotide causes hyperglycaemia mainly by inhibiting insulin secretion. In contrast, AP102 a new SSAs has neutral effect on blood glucose while suppressing GH secretion. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - March 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jeremy Streuli, Alan G. Harris, Cecilia Cottiny, Florent Allagnat, Adrian F. Daly, Eric Grouzmann, Karim Abid Source Type: research
Role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the differentiation of Trpm-5-positive olfactory microvillar cells
The mouse olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) is comprised of anatomically distinct populations of cells in separate regions; apical (sustentacular and microvillar), neuronal (olfactory sensory neurons) and basal (horizontal and globose basal cells). The existence of microvillar cells (MVCs) is well documented but their nature and function remains unclear. An important transcription factor for the differentiation of MVCs is Skn-1a, with loss of function of Skn-1a in mice resulting in a complete loss of Trpm-5 expressing MVCs, while olfactory sensory neuron differentiation is normal. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - March 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kharen L. Doyle, Carla Cunha, Yvonne Hort, Ramon Tasan, G ünther Sperk, John Shine, Herbert Herzog Source Type: research
Central RANK signalling in NPY neurons alters bone mass in male mice
RANKL signalling known to be important for the control of bone mass, has recently also been implicated in the brain to control thermoregulation, however, it is not known which neuronal pathways are involved and whether other aspects of energy homeostasis are also affected. Here we show that selective deletion of RANK from NPY neurons down-regulated NPY mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. While comprehensive phenotyping of germline-induced NPY neuron specific RANK deficient mice revealed no significant changes in physical or metabolic parameters, adult onset deletion of RANK from NPY neurons led to a significant increase i...
Source: Neuropeptides - February 15, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: N.J. Lee, I.M. Clarke, R.F. Enriquez, V. Nagy, J. Penninger, P.A. Baldock, H. Herzog Source Type: research
Determination of neurotensin projections to the ventral tegmental area in mice
Pharmacologic treatment with the neuropeptide neurotensin (Nts) modifies motivated behaviors such as feeding, locomotor activity, and reproduction. Dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) control these behaviors, and Nts directly modulates the activity of DA neurons via Nts receptor-1. While Nts sources to the VTA have been described in starlings and rats, the endogenous sources of Nts to the VTA of mice remain incompletely understood, impeding determination of which Nts circuits orchestrate specific behaviors in this model. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - February 15, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hillary L. Woodworth, Juliette A. Brown, Hannah M. Batchelor, Raluca Bugescu, Gina M. Leinninger Source Type: research
Central RANK signalling in NPY neurons alters bone mass in male mice
RANKL signalling known to be important for the control of bone mass, has recently also been implicated in the brain to control thermoregulation, however, it is not known which neuronal pathways are involved and whether other aspects of energy homeostasis are also affected. Here we show that selective deletion of RANK from NPY neurons down-regulated NPY mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. While comprehensive phenotyping of germline-induced NPY neuron specific RANK deficient mice revealed no significant changes in physical or metabolic parameters, adult onset deletion of RANK from NPY neurons led to a significant increase i...
Source: Neuropeptides - February 15, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: N.J. Lee, I.M. Clarke, R.F. Enriquez, V. Nagy, J. Penninger, P.A. Baldock, H. Herzog Source Type: research
Determination of neurotensin projections to the ventral tegmental area in mice
Pharmacologic treatment with the neuropeptide neurotensin (Nts) modifies motivated behaviors such as feeding, locomotor activity, and reproduction. Dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) control these behaviors, and Nts directly modulates the activity of DA neurons via Nts receptor-1. While Nts sources to the VTA have been described in starlings and rats, the endogenous sources of Nts to the VTA of mice remain incompletely understood, impeding determination of which Nts circuits orchestrate specific behaviors in this model. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - February 15, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hillary L. Woodworth, Juliette A. Brown, Hannah M. Batchelor, Raluca Bugescu, Gina M. Leinninger Source Type: research
Role of orexins in the central and peripheral regulation of glucose homeostasis: Evidences & mechanisms
Orexins (A& B), neuropeptides of hypothalamic origin, act through G-protein coupled receptors, orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R). The wide projection of orexin neurons in the hypothalamic region allows them to interact with the other neurons and regulate food intake, emotional status, sleep wake cycle and energy metabolism. The autonomic nervous system plays an important regulatory role in the energy metabolism as well as glucose homeostasis. Orexin neurons are also under the control of GABAergic neurons. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - February 6, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Monika Rani, Raghuvansh Kumar, Pawan Krishan Tags: News and reviews Source Type: research
Weaning stage hyperglycemia induces glucose-insensitivity in arcuate POMC neurons and hyperphagia in type 2 diabetic GK rats
Hyperphagia triggers and accelerates diabetes, and prevents proper dietary control of glycemia. Inversely, the impact of hyperglycemia on hyperphagia and possible mechanistic cause common for these two metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes are less defined. The present study examined the precise developmental process of hyperglycemia and hyperphagia and explored the alterations in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), the primary feeding and metabolic center, in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with type 2 diabetes and nearly normal body weight. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - February 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Ando, D. Gantulga, M. Nakata, F. Maekawa, K. Dezaki, S. Ishibashi, T. Yada Source Type: research
Calcitonin-gene related peptide is a potent inducer of oedema in rat orofacial tissue
This study aimed to assess the potential of calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide released from sensory nerves, to induce oedema in orofacial tissue. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - February 2, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: B árbara F.G. de Queiroz, Marcella P.A. de Almeida, Y.S. Bakhle, Janetti N. Francischi Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - February 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Blockage of spinal endothelin A receptors attenuates bone cancer pain via regulation of the Akt/ERK signaling pathway in mice
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a common source of pain in patients with advanced stage and metastatic cancer; however, existing treatment for this kind of pain remains deficient. Being closely related to sensory change and inflammatory pain in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, endothelin A receptor (ETAR) plays an essential role in pain processing. As a result, ETAR antagonist has been reported to alleviate both neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Thus far, the role of ETAR in the process of BCP is still ambiguous. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - January 23, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ming-Ming Han, Cheng-Wei Yang, Chi-Wai Cheung, Juan Li Source Type: research
