Blockade of dorsal hippocampal orexin-1 receptors impaired morphine-induced state-dependent learning
Behavioral abnormalities associated with opiate addiction include memory and learning deficits, which are the result of some alterations in the neuromodulatory systems. Recently, orexin has shown to influence drug addiction neural circuitry, specifically in mediating reward-related perception and memory. To explore the possible interaction of orexinergic and opioidergic system on modulation of learning and memory, we have investigated the effects of intra-dorsal hippocampal (intra-CA1) administration of orexin-1 receptor agonist and the competitive orexin-1 antagonist, SB-334867, on morphine-induced memory impairment by us...
Source: Neuropeptides - October 10, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Maryam Farahmandfar, Mehdi Kadivar, Sareh Rastipisheh Source Type: research
SVA retrotransposons as potential modulators of neuropeptide gene expression
Many facets of human behaviour are likely to have developed in part due to evolutionary changes in the regulation of neuropeptide and other brain-related genes. This has allowed species-specific expression patterns and unique epigenetic modulation in response to our environment, regulating response not only at the molecular level, but also contributing to differences in behaviour between individuals. As such, genetic variants or epigenetic changes that may alter neuropeptide gene expression are predicted to play a role in behavioural conditions and psychiatric illness. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 10, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Olympia Gianfrancesco, Vivien J. Bubb, John P. Quinn Source Type: research
Blockade of dorsal hippocampal orexin-1 receptors impaired morphine- induced state-dependent learning
Behavioral abnormalities associated with opiate addiction include memory and learning deficits, which are the result of some alterations in the neuromodulatory systems. Recently, orexin has shown to influence drug addiction neural circuitry, specifically in mediating reward-related perception and memory. To explore the possible interaction of orexinergic and opioidergic system on modulation of learning and memory, we have investigated the effects of intra-dorsal hippocampal (intra-CA1) administration of orexin-1 receptor agonist and the competitive orexin-1 antagonist, SB-334,867, on morphine-induced memory impairment by u...
Source: Neuropeptides - October 10, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Maryam Farahmandfar, Mehdi Kadivar, Sareh Rastipisheh Source Type: research
SVA retrotransposons as potential modulators of neuropeptide gene expression.
Many facets of human behaviour are likely to have developed in part due to evolutionary changes in the regulation of neuropeptide and other brain-related genes. This has allowed species-specific expression patterns and unique epigenetic modulation in response to our environment, regulating response not only at the molecular level, but also contributing to differences in behaviour between individuals. As such, genetic variants or epigenetic changes that may alter neuropeptide gene expression are predicted to play a role in behavioural conditions and psychiatric illness. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - October 10, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Olympia Gianfrancesco, Vivien J. Bubb, John P. Quinn Source Type: research
Neuropeptide Y accelerates post-fracture bone healing by promoting osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells
Fracture repair is a complex yet well orchestrated regenerative process involving numerous signaling and cell types including osteoblasts. Here we showed that NPY, a neurotransmitter with regulatory functions in bone homeostasis, may contribute to the post-fracture bone healing in patients with traumatic brain injury-fracture combined injuries. Our results suggested NPY levels were increased in patients with the combined injuries, accomplished by arising of bone healing markers, such as ALP, OC, PICP and ICTP, than in those with simple fractures, and NPY have direct actions on MSCs to promote their osteogenic differentiati...
Source: Neuropeptides - October 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Xiao-chuan Gu, Xiao-Bin Zhang, Bing Hu, Ying Zi, Ming Li Source Type: research
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Source: Neuropeptides - September 30, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Effects of chronic restraint stress on social behaviors and the number of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons in male rats
Oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) are considered to be related to mammalian social behavior and the regulation of stress responses. The present study investigated the effects of chronic homotypic restraint stress (CHRS) on social behaviors and anxiety, as well as its repercussions on OXT- and AVP-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) nuclei in rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving CHRS were exposed to repeated restraint stress of 30min per day for 10days. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - September 29, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jin Li, Han-Xia Li, Xiao-Jing Shou, Xin-Jie Xu, Tian-Jia Song, Song-Ping Han, Rong Zhang, Ji-Sheng Han Source Type: research
PKA, novel PKC isoforms, and ERK is mediating PACAP auto-regulation via PAC1R in human neuroblastoma NB-1 cells
The neuropeptide PACAP is expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system where it modulates diverse physiological functions including neuropeptide gene expression. We here report that in human neuroblastoma NB-1 cells PACAP transiently induces its own expression. Maximal PACAP mRNA expression was found after stimulation with PACAP for 3h. PACAP auto-regulation was found to be mediated by activation of PACAP specific PAC1Rs as PACAP had>100-fold higher efficacy than VIP, and the PAC1R selective agonist Maxadilan potently induced PACAP gene expression. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - September 29, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Birgitte Georg, Birgitte Falktoft, Jan Fahrenkrug Source Type: research
A novel neuropeptide Y neuronal pathway linking energy state and reproductive behavior
Animals consume energy for reproduction, as well as survival. Excess or insufficient energy investment into reproduction, respectively, threatens the survival of parents or leads to the failure of reproduction. Management of energy consumption in reproduction is important, not only for the success of the process, but also for the survival of the parents. Reproductive behaviors, such as mating and parental behavior, are indispensable for achieving each event of reproduction including gametogamy, parturition, and lactation. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - September 12, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yoshikage Muroi, Toshiaki Ishii Source Type: research
Central and peripheral administrations of levothyroxine improved memory performance and amplified brain electrical activity in the rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive impairments and a decline in the spontaneous neuronal discharge. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of subcutaneous (S.C.) and intrahippocampal (I.H.) administrations of levothyroxine (LT-4) on the passive avoidance and spatial memory, as well as electrophysiological activity in an animal model of AD. One hundred-sixty male Wistar rats were divided into two main groups. The S.C. group included two Sham and four AD (vehicle or L-T4 25, 50& 100 μg/kg); and the I.H. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - September 8, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yaghoob Farbood Source Type: research
Acute central effects of alarin on the regulation on energy homeostasis
Hypothalamic neuropeptides influence the main components of energy balance: metabolic rate, food intake, body weight as well as body temperature, by exerting either an overall anabolic or catabolic effect. The contribution of alarin, the most recently discovered member of the galanin peptide family to the regulation of energy metabolism has been suggested. Our aim was to analyze the complex thermoregulatory and food intake-related effects of alarin in rats.Adult male Wistar rats received different doses of alarin (0.3; 1; 3 and 15 μg) intracerebroventricularly. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - September 4, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alexandra Mik ó, Nóra Füredi, Judit Tenk, Ildikó Rostás, Szilvia Soós, Margit Solymár, Miklós Székely, Márta Balaskó, Susanne M. Brunner, Barbara Kofler, Erika Pétervári Source Type: research
Chronic administration of [Pyr1] apelin-13 attenuates neuropathic pain after compression spinal cord injury in rats
Apelin is an endogenous ligand for apelin receptor (APJ) with analgesic effect on visceral, analgesic and proanalgesic influences on acute pains in animal models. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible analgesic effects of [Pyr1] apelin-13 on chronic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Animals were randomly divided into three major groups as intact, sham and SCI. The SCI group randomly allocated to four subgroups as no treatment, vehicle-treatment (normal saline: 10 μl, intrathecally) and two subgroups with intrathecal injection (i.t) of 1μg and 5μg of [Pyr1] apelin-13. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - August 31, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zahra Haji Mashhadi, Nahid Aboutaleb, Farinaz Nasirinezhad Source Type: research
Effects of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on mitochondrial energy metabolism in rats of different age-groups
Hypothalamic alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone ( α-MSH) is a key catabolic mediator of energy homeostasis. Its anorexigenic and hypermetabolic effects show characteristic age-related alterations that may be part of the mechanism of middle-aged obesity and geriatric anorexia/cachexia seen in humans and other mammals. We aimed to investigate the ro le of α-MSH in mitochondrial energy metabolism during the course of aging in a rodent model.To determine the role of α-MSH in mitochondrial energy metabolism in muscle, we administered intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions of α-MSH for 7-days to different age-groups of ma...
Source: Neuropeptides - August 26, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ren é G. Feichtinger, Erika Pétervári, Michaela Zopf, Silvia Vidali, Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari, Johannes A. Mayr, Barbara Kofler, Márta Balaskó Source Type: research
Ala5-galanin (2 –11) is a GAL2R specific galanin analogue
It is over 30years since the regulatory peptide galanin was discovered by Professor Mutt and co-workers. Galanin exerts its effects by binding to three galanin G-protein coupled receptors, namely GAL1R, GAL2R and GAL3R. Each galanin receptor has a different distribution in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system as well as distinctive signaling pathways, which implicates that the receptors are involved in different biological- and pathological effects. The delineation of the galaninergic system is however difficult due to a lack of stable, specific galanin receptor ligands. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - August 23, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kristin Webling, Johan Runesson, Andreas Lang, Indrek Saar, Barbara Kofler, Ülo Langel Source Type: research
Endocannabinoids inhibit neurogenic inflammation in murine joints by a non-canonical cannabinoid receptor mechanism
Neurogenic inflammation is a local inflammatory response that is driven by the peripheral release of neuropeptides from small diameter afferents which occurs in many organs including joints. The knee joint has a rich endocannabinoid system which has been shown to decrease acute synovitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of joint afferents on leukocyte-endothelial interactions within the synovial microcirculation of mice and determine the role of endocannabinoids on this inflammatory response. (Source: Neuropeptides)
Source: Neuropeptides - August 22, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Eugene Krustev, Milind M. Muley, Jason J. McDougall Source Type: research
