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Drug release from enzyme-mediated in situ-forming hydrogel based on gum tragacanth-tyramine conjugate
In the present study, injectable hydrogels based on gum tragacanth–tyramine conjugate were prepared by enzymatic oxidation of tyramine radicals in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Then, in vitro release of bovine serum albumin and insulin as model protein drugs from this polymeric network was investigated. Also, to improve the properties of this hydrogel, a blended hydrogel composed of tyramine-conjugated gelatin and tyramine-conjugated tragacanth was prepared. Experimental results showed that the gelation time ranged from 3 to 28 s depending on the polymer and enzyme concentrations. Results of morphological i...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - April 16, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Dehghan-Niri, M., Tavakol, M., Vasheghani-Farahani, E., Ganji, F. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

Intrinsically radiopaque polyurethanes with chain extender 4,4'-isopropylidenebis [2-(2,6-diiodophenoxy)ethanol] for biomedical applications
Radiopaque polyurethanes are used for medical applications as it allows post-operative assessment of the biomaterial devices using X-ray. Inherently, radiopaque polyurethanes based on polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG), polypropylene glycol, 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), and a new iodinated chain extender 4,4'-isopropylidenebis[2-(2,6-diiodophenoxy)ethanol] with flexible spacers were synthesized and characterized. The iodinated polyurethanes were clear, optically transparent, and had high molecular weights. The polyurethanes also possessed excellent radiopacity and high thermal stability. The biocompatibility of the ...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - April 16, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Dawlee, S., Jayabalan, M. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

Chitosan silk-based three-dimensional scaffolds containing gentamicin-encapsulated calcium alginate beads for drug administration and blood compatibility
In the present study gentamicin was encapsulated within calcium alginate beads and incorporated into porous chitosan, gelatin, double-hybrid silk fibroin, chitosan/gelatin and double-hybrid silk fibroin/chitosan scaffolds. Physiochemical, morphological and biological properties of fabricated amenable model systems were evaluated, revealing hemocompatible nature of double-hybrid silk fibroin/chitosan and double-hybrid silk fibroin scaffolds of hemolysis %<5 and porosity >85%. Fourier transform infrared results confirmed the blend formation and scanning electron microscope images showed good interconnectivity. Double-h...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - March 18, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Mehta, A. S., Singh, B. K., Singh, N., Archana, D., Snigdha, K., Harniman, R., Rahatekar, S. S., Tewari, R., Dutta, P. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Physical and biological assessments of the innovative bilayered wound dressing made of silk and gelatin for clinical applications
The physical and biological assessments of the innovative bilayered wound dressing made of silk and gelatin that we have developed previously were performed to evaluate its efficacy for clinical applications. The absorption ability and dehydration rate of the dressing were assessed using the split-thickness skin graft and leg ulcer wound bed models. The bioactivities of the bilayered wound dressing were evaluated. The bilayered dressing showed continuous absorption rate of wound exudate, providing the suitability for the wound with extended inflammation phase. The dehydration rate of the bilayered dressing was comparable t...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - March 18, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Hasatsri, S., Yamdech, R., Chanvorachote, P., Aramwit, P. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Bioactive polymethylmethacrylate bone cement modified with combinations of phosphate group-containing monomers and calcium acetate
In this study, phosphoric acid 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester or bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate supplying a phosphate group (PO4H2) was added into methylmethacrylate liquid, while calcium acetate as a source of Ca2+ ions was mixed into polymethylmethacrylate powder. The influences of the combinations on the setting time and compressive strength were also investigated. Apatite was formed on the cements modified with 30 mass% of phosphoric acid 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester or bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate. The induction period was shortened with increased amounts of Ca(CH3COO)2. The setting time co...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - March 18, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Liu, J., Shirosaki, Y., Miyazaki, T. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Cell growth on pore-graded biomimetic TiO2 bone scaffolds
In order to prevent soft tissue down-growth into osseous defect areas, membranes are used when placing bone graft materials. These membranes still show shortcomings in their performance and applications. In the current study, we choose an approach to integrate micro-porous surface structures into a macro-porous scaffold. Low porous surfaces were fabricated by dip-coatings. Four different material compositions (titanium dioxide, polycaprolactone, polycaprolactone/water, polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate) were characterised in terms of their appearance, architecture, topographical features and cell response. Titan...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - March 18, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Muller, B., Reseland, J. E., Haugen, H. J., Tiainen, H. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Effects of pH and thermally sensitive hybrid gels on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
In this study, we designed/used a novel extracellular matrix, namely, a hybrid gel made of billions of injectable small thermally and pH-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels whose swelling at the body pH and temperature physically jammed them and mesenchymal stem cells together, which enabled us to in situ apply an adjustable mechanical stress on those embedded stem cells. By treating the cell layer with the microgels, we found that an earlier incorporation of the microgels significantly increases the alkaline phosphatase activity, while a later addition of the microgels after the primary calcium...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - March 18, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Dai, Z., Shu, Y., Wan, C., Wu, C. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Induction suspension plasma sprayed biological-like hydroxyapatite coatings
Substituted hydroxyapatite coatings with different ions (Mg, Na, K, Cl, F) have been developed by the induction suspension plasma spray process. Suspensions were prepared with sol–gel. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate that induction suspension plasma spray technology possesses high material composition flexibility that allows as-sprayed coatings to closely mimic natural bone composition. Long-term in vitro behaviour of as-sprayed substituted coatings was evaluated with simulated body fluid. Data on the suspensions showed the formation of a pure hydroxyapatite phase. Transmission electron micro...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - March 18, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Loszach, M., Gitzhofer, F. Tags: Functional biomaterials Surfaces Source Type: research

Silk electrogel coatings for titanium dental implants
The aim of this study was to develop biocompatible, biodegradable dental implant coatings capable of withstanding the mechanical stresses imparted during implant placement. Two techniques were developed to deposit uniform silk fibroin protein coatings onto dental implants. Two novel coating techniques were implemented to coat titanium shims, studs, and implants. One technique involved electrodeposition of the silk directly onto the titanium substrates. The second technique consisted of melting electrogels and dispensing the melted gels onto the titanium to form the coatings. Both techniques were tested for coating reproduc...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - March 18, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Elia, R., Michelson, C. D., Perera, A. L., Harsono, M., Leisk, G. G., Kugel, G., Kaplan, D. L. Tags: Functional biomaterials Surfaces Source Type: research

Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate-collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair
In this study, we developed an alginate–collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. We also evaluated the ability of annulus fibrosus cells to attach, migrate, and proliferate on the composite alginate–collagen scaffolds compared to control scaffolds (alginate o...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - March 18, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Guillaume, O., Naqvi, S. M., Lennon, K., Buckley, C. T. Tags: Composites Source Type: research

Wound healing potential of scaffolds prepared from porcine jejunum and urinary bladder by a non-detergent/enzymatic method
Scaffolds prepared using extracellular matrices of mammalian organs/tissues, when used as grafts, have wound healing potential. This paper evaluated the physical properties and in vivo wound healing potential of jejunum-derived scaffold (JDS) and urinary bladder-derived scaffold (UDS) of porcine origin prepared by a non-detergent/enzymatic method. The former had higher flexural rigidity and suture retention strength compared to the latter, but both of them had the essential flexural rigidity and suture retention strength required for skin grafts. Full thickness skin-wounds on rabbit dorsum were treated with these scaf...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - March 18, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Revi, D., Vineetha, V. P., Muhamed, J., Surendran, G. C., Rajan, A., Kumary, T., Anilkumar, T. V. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

Composition-structure-property relationships for non-classical ionomer cements formulated with zinc-boron germanium-based glasses
Non-classical ionomer glasses like those based on zinc-boron-germanium glasses are of special interest in a variety of medical applications owning to their unique combination of properties and potential therapeutic efficacy. These features may be of particular benefit with respect to the utilization of glass ionomer cements for minimally invasive dental applications such as the atruamatic restorative treatment, but also for expanded clinical applications in orthopedics and oral-maxillofacial surgery. A unique system of zinc-boron-germanium-based glasses (10 compositions in total) has been designed using a Design of Mixture...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - March 18, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Zhang, X., Werner-Zwanziger, U., Boyd, D. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

Investigation into the potential use of poly(vinyl alcohol)/methylglyoxal fibres as antibacterial wound dressing components
As problems of antibiotic resistance increase, a continuing need for effective bioactive wound dressings is anticipated for the treatment of infected chronic wounds. Naturally derived antibacterial agents, such as Manuka honey, consist of a mixture of compounds, more than one of which can influence antimicrobial potency. The non-peroxide bacteriostatic properties of Manuka honey have been previously linked to the presence of methylglyoxal. The incorporation of methylglyoxal as a functional antibacterial additive during fibre production was explored as a potential route for manufacturing wound dressing components. Synthetic...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - February 16, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Bulman, S. E., Goswami, P., Tronci, G., Russell, S. J., Carr, C. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

In vitro investigation of a tissue-engineered cell-tendon complex mimicking the transitional architecture at the ligament-bone interface
Restoration of the transitional ligament-bone interface is critical for graft-bone integration. We postulated that an allogenic scaffold mimicking the fibrogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic transition gradients could physiologically promote ligament-bone incorporation. The aim of this study was to construct and characterize a composite tendon scaffold with a continuous and heterogeneous transition region mimicking a native ligament insertion site. Genetically modified heterogeneous cell populations were seeded within specific regions of decellularized rabbit Achilles tendons to fabricate a stratified scaffold containing ...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - February 16, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhu, J., Dong, S., Jiang, T., Zhou, Y., Zhang, X. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Fast in situ generated {varepsilon}-polylysine-poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogels as tissue adhesives and hemostatic materials using an enzyme-catalyzed method
In this study, novel bio-inspired in situ hydrogels as tissue adhesives and hemostatic materials were designed and prepared based on -polylysine-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) and tyramine via enzymatic cross-linking. The enzymatic cross-linked method enabled fast gelation within seconds, which facilitated its therapeutic applications. By changing the cross-linking conditions, the storage modulus of the hydrogels could be tunable and the mechanical strength influenced the tissue adhesiveness of the hydrogels. Besides, the hydrogels showed fine network structures with appropriate pore sizes, which were thought to be a contri...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - February 16, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wang, R., Zhou, B., Liu, W., Feng, X.-h., Li, S., Yu, D.-f., Chang, J.-c., Chi, B., Xu, H. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research