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Surface modification of porous polycaprolactone/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone regeneration in rat calvaria defect
In this study, polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated by a salt-leaching process were loaded with biphasic calcium phosphate successfully to improve the osteoconductivity in bone regeneration. The surface of polycaprolactone/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds was aminolyzed by 1,6-hexamethylenediamine to introduce amino groups onto the surface, which was verified qualitatively by ninhyrin staining. Collagen was further immobilized on the aminolyzed porous polycaprolactone via N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide hydrochloride/hydroxy-2,5-dioxopyrolidine-3-sulfonic acid sodium cross-linking. The pore size of poly...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Kim, J.-H., Linh, N. T., Min, Y. K., Lee, B.-T. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Antimicrobial megaprostheses supported with iodine
In this study, we performed a clinical trial of iodine-coated megaprostheses to evaluate its safety and antibacterial effects. Forty-seven patients with malignant bone tumor or pyogenic arthritis were treated using iodine-supported titanium megaprostheses between July 2008 and May 2013. The mean age was 53.6 years (range, 15–85 years). Twenty-six patients were males and 21 were females. The diagnoses included malignant bone tumor in 29 cases, infected total knee arthroplasty in 11 cases, chronic osteomyelitis due to pyogenic arthritis in six cases and loosening of total knee arthroplasty in one case. The iodine-suppo...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Shirai, T., Tsuchiya, H., Nishida, H., Yamamoto, N., Watanabe, K., Nakase, J., Terauchi, R., Arai, Y., Fujiwara, H., Kubo, T. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Roofed grooves: Rapid layer engineering of perfusion channels in collagen tissue models
Surface patterning (micro-moulding) of dense, biomimetic collagen is a simple tool to produce complex tissues using layer-by-layer assembly. The aim here was to channelise three-dimensional constructs for improved perfusion. Firstly, collagen fibril accumulation was measured by comparative image analysis to understand the mechanisms of structure formation in plastically compressed collagen during µ-moulding. This showed that shape (circular or rectangular) and dimensions of the template affected collagen distribution around moulded grooves and consequently their stability. In the second part, this was used for effect...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Tan, N. S., Alekseeva, T., Brown, R. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Osteoinduction of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds in a nude mouse model
Bioceramics combined with isolated stem cells, or with total bone marrow, constitute the main strategies under consideration in the field of bone tissue engineering. In the present preclinical study, two biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds currently on the market, MBCP® and MBCP+®, with different hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ratio, were implanted ectopically in a nude mouse model. These scaffolds were supplemented either with human mesenchymal stromal cells, or with human total bone marrow, or rat total bone marrow. Biomaterials alone were found to have potentially low, but non-zero, osteoinductive p...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Miramond, T., Corre, P., Borget, P., Moreau, F., Guicheux, J., Daculsi, G., Weiss, P. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Assessing cement injection behaviour in cancellous bone: An in vitro study using flow models
Understanding the cement injection behaviour during vertebroplasty and accurately predicting the cement placement within the vertebral body is extremely challenging. As there is no standardized methodology, we propose a novel method using reproducible and pathologically representative flow models to study the influence of cement properties on injection behaviour. The models, confined between an upper glass window and a lower aluminium plate, were filled with bone marrow substitute and then injected (4, 6 and 8 min after cement mixing) with commercially available bone cements (SimplexP, Opacity+, OsteopalV and Parallax) at ...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Bou-Francis, A., Lopez, A., Persson, C., Hall, R. M., Kapur, N. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Temporal analysis of dissolution by-products and genotoxic potential of spherical zinc-silicate bioglass: "Imageable beads" for transarterial embolization
Embolization of vascular tumors is an important tool in minimally invasive surgical intervention. Radiopaque, non-degradable, and non-deformable spherical zinc–silicate glass particles were produced in a range of 45–500 μm. Three size ranges (45–150, 150–300, and 300–500 μm) were used in the current study. The glass microspheres were eluted in polar (saline solution) and non-polar (dimethyl sulfoxide) medium, and ion release profiles were recorded using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Approximately 80% of Gaussian distribution was achieved by simple sieving. The ...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Hasan, M., Kehoe, S., Boyd, D. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Hemocompatibility evaluation of small elastomeric hollow fiber membranes as vascular substitutes
One of the main challenges for clinical implementation of small diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) is their limited hemocompatibility. Important design specifications for such grafts include features that minimize the long-term risks of restenosis, fouling, and thrombus formation. In our lab, we have developed elastomeric hollow fiber membranes (HFMs), using a phase inversion method, as candidates for SDVGs. Here, we present our results for in vitro hemocompatibility testing of our HFM under flow and static conditions. Our results showed that the polymer-based HFMs do not damage the integrity of human red blood cells (RBCs) ...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Mercado-Pagan, A. E., Ker, D. F. E., Yang, Y. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

A new magnetic nanocapsule containing 5-fluorouracil: In vivo drug release, anti-tumor, and pro-apoptotic effects on CT26 cells allograft model
The purpose of this study was to create an optimized method for preparation of 5-fluorouracil-loaded magnetic poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanocapsules and to investigate its potential as multifunctional carriers to deliver therapeutic agents for tumor-targeted therapies. The in vitro release of the newly synthesized 5-fluorouracil-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid magnetic nanocapsules was investigated in phosphate-buffered saline medium using the dialysis method. In vivo release studies of the magnetic nanocapsules were performed in rabbits. Finally, the targeting properties, anti-tumor, and pro-apoptotic eff...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Shakeri-Zadeh, A., Shiran, M.-B., Khoee, S., Sharifi, A. M., Ghaznavi, H., Khoei, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Bisphosphonate release profiles from magnetite microspheres
Hyperthermia has been suggested as a novel, minimally invasive cancer treatment method. After implantation of magnetic nano- or microparticles around a tumour through blood vessels, irradiation with alternating magnetic fields facilitates the efficient in situ hyperthermia even for deep-seated tumours. On the basis of this idea, if the microspheres are capable of delivering drugs, they could be promising multifunctional biomaterials effective for chemotherapy as well as hyperthermia. In the present study, magnetite microspheres were prepared by aggregation of the iron oxide colloid in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. The relea...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Miyazaki, T., Inoue, T., Shirosaki, Y., Kawashita, M., Matsubara, T., Matsumine, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

In vitro evaluation of effects of sustained anti-TNF release from MPEG-PCL-MPEG and PCL microspheres on human rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes
This study aims to develop novel injectable microcarriers of ETN that can provide long-term controlled release of this protein drug upon intra-articular application. In this study, poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) and its copolymer with poly(ethylene glycol), methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-poly(-caprolactone)-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) microspheres (MPEG-PCL-MPEG) were compared for their prospective success in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Microspheres with smooth surface of a mean particle diameter of approximately 5 μm were prepared with both polymers. MPEG-PCL-MPEG microspheres had higher encapsulation efficiency than PCL...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Erdemli, O., Ozen, S., Keskin, D., Usanmaz, A., Batu, E. D., Atilla, B., Tezcaner, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Chitosan coating to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of calcium sulfate-based antibiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis
We demonstrate that coating calcium sulfate with deacetylated chitosan enhances the elution profile of daptomycin by prolonging the period during which high concentrations of antibiotic are released. Coatings reduced initial bolus release of daptomycin by a factor of 10 to approximately 1000 µg/ml, and levels remained above 100 µg/ml for up to 10 days. Chitosan-coated and uncoated calcium sulfate implants with and without 15% daptomycin were evaluated in an experimental model of staphylococcal osteomyelitis through bacteriology scores, radiology, histopathology, and Gram staining. Significant reduction in bacte...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Beenken, K. E., Smith, J. K., Skinner, R. A., Mclaren, S. G., Bellamy, W., Gruenwald, M. J., Spencer, H. J., Jennings, J. A., Haggard, W. O., Smeltzer, M. S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Self-tapping ability of carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone suture anchors
This study demonstrates the ability of PEEK-OPTIMA Reinforced suture anchors to self-tap polyurethane foam bone analogue. This provides motivation to further investigate the self-tapping ability of CFR-PEEK suture anchors in animal/cadaveric bone. An optimised design for CFR-PEEK suture anchors offers the advantages of radiolucency, and mechanical properties similar to bone with the ability to self-tap. This may have positive implications for reducing surgery times and the associated costs with the procedure. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications)
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Feerick, E. M., Wilson, J., Jarman-Smith, M., O'Bradaigh, C. M., McGarry, J. P. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Development and hemocompatibility testing of nitric oxide releasing polymers using a rabbit model of thrombogenicity
Hemocompatibility is the goal for any biomaterial contained in extracorporeal life supporting medical devices. The hallmarks for hemocompatibility include nonthrombogenicity, platelet preservation, and maintained platelet function. Both in vitro and in vivo assays testing for compatibility of the blood/biomaterial interface have been used over the last several decades to ascertain if the biomaterial used in medical tubing and devices will require systemic anticoagulation for viability. Over the last 50 years systemic anticoagulation with heparin has been the gold standard in maintaining effective extracorporeal life suppor...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - September 13, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Major, T. C., Handa, H., Annich, G. M., Bartlett, R. H. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

The influence of sol-gel-derived silica coatings functionalized with betamethasone on adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)
In this study we demonstrated for the first time novel sol–gel-derived silica coatings with active amino groups (SiO2(NH2)) functionalized with a steroid drug—betamethasone, applied to a substrate 316 L using dip coating technique. The presence of betamethasone in functionalized coatings was directly confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis. The wettability was evaluated by the sessile drop method, while the surface free energy was estimated based on the contact angles measured. Our results showed a shift in surface properties from hydrophobic to hydrophilic after appli...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - August 18, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Donesz-Sikorska, A., Grzesiak, J., Śmieszeka, A., Krzak, J., Marycz, K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Synthesis of highly elastic biocompatible polyurethanes based on bio-based isosorbide and poly(tetramethylene glycol) and their properties
Bio-based high elastic polyurethanes were prepared from hexamethylene diisocyanate and various ratios of isosorbide to poly(tetramethylene glycol) as a diol by a simple one-shot bulk polymerization without a catalyst. Successful synthesis of the polyurethanes was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The glass transition temperature was –47.8℃. The test results showed that the poly(tetramethylene glycol)/isosorbide-based elastomer exhibited not only excellent...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - August 18, 2014 Category: Materials Science Authors: Kim, H.-J., Kang, M.-S., Knowles, J. C., Gong, M.-S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research