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Overcoming physical constraints in bone engineering: 'the importance of being vascularized
Bone plays several physiological functions and is the second most commonly transplanted tissue after blood. Since the treatment of large bone defects is still unsatisfactory, researchers have endeavoured to obtain scaffolds able to release growth and differentiation factors for mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and endothelial cells in order to obtain faster mineralization and prompt a reliable vascularization. Nowadays, the application of osteoblastic cultures spans from cell physiology and pharmacology to cytocompatibility measurement and osteogenic potential evaluation of novel biomaterials. To overcome the simple tra...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - February 9, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Genova, T., Munaron, L., Carossa, S., Mussano, F. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Function of sustained released resveratrol on IL-1{beta}-induced hBMSC MMP13 secretion inhibition and chondrogenic differentiation promotion
In this study, resveratrol release microspheres were developed, and the direct function of the released resveratrol on the interleukin-1β was discussed. The resveratrol-loaded microspheres were fabricated using oil-in-water emulsion and solution-evaporation methods. The particle size and the encapsulation efficiency for the techniques, which used different fabrication conditions, were within 8.3–63.9 μm and 37%–82%, respectively. The effect of drug release lasted for more than 650 h in a PBS solution at 37℃. Human bone mesenchymal stem cells were chosen for cell experiments. Interleukin-1β w...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - February 9, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wu, G., Wang, L., Li, H., Ke, Y., Yao, Y. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Thermosensitive hydrogel for periodontal application: in vitro drug release, antibacterial activity and toxicity evaluation
In this study, an injectable antimicrobial delivery system for periodontal treatment based on chitosan/gelatin/β-glycerolphosphate solution has been developed. The result of thermal and mechanical evaluations of chitosan/gelatin/β-glycerolphosphate hydrogel showed that adding gelatin to chitosan/β-glycerolphosphate solution significantly decreased gelling time and increased gel strength at 37℃. The antimicrobial agents chosen for release studies were metronidazole with a low molecular weight and vancomycin hydrochloride with a high molecular weight. The initial burst and total in vitro drug relea...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - February 9, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Pakzad, Y., Ganji, F. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Flow perfusion culture of MC3T3-E1 osteogenic cells on gradient calcium polyphosphate scaffolds with different pore sizes
In this study, a modified one-step gravity sintering method was used to prepare calcium polyphosphate scaffolds with desired-gradient-pore-size distribution. The differences of porous structure, mechanical strength, and degradation rate between gradient and homogenous calcium polyphosphate scaffolds were evaluated by micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical testing. Preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto gradient and homogenous calcium polyphosphate scaffolds and cultured in a flow perfusion bioreactor. The distribution, proliferation, and differentiation of the MC3T3-E1 cells were c...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - February 9, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Chen, L., Song, W., Markel, D. C., Shi, T., Muzik, O., Matthew, H., Ren, W. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

The effect of controlled microrobotized blasting on implant surface texturing and early osseointegration
Surface topography modifications have become a key strategy for hastening the host-to-implant response to implantable materials. The present study evaluated the effect of three different carefully controlled surface texture patterns achieved through microrobotized blasting (controlled to high, medium and low roughness) relative to a larger scale blasting procedure (control) in early osseointegration in a canine model. Four commercially pure grade 2 titanium alloy implants (one of each surface) were bilaterally placed in the radii of six beagle dogs and allowed end points of 1 and 6 weeks in vivo. Following sacrifice, ...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - February 9, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Gil, L. F., Marin, C., Teixeira, H., Marao, H. F., Tovar, N., Khan, R., Bonfante, E. A., Janal, M., Coelho, P. G. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Platelet-rich plasma gel composited with nondegradable porous polyurethane scaffolds as a potential auricular cartilage alternative
In this study, biocompatible and safe nondegradable elastic polyurethane was used to make porous scaffold in specific details by rapid prototyping technology. Platelet-rich plasma contains fibrin and abundant autologous growth factors, which was used as cell carriers for in vitro expanded cells. When crosslinking polyurethane framework, platelet-rich plasma and cells together, we successfully made polyurethane/platelet-rich plasma/cell composites, and implanted them into dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice. The results showed that this method resulted in more even cell distribution and higher cell density, promoted...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - February 9, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wang, Z., Qin, H., Feng, Z., Zhao, Y. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

A bioactive hybrid three-dimensional tissue-engineering construct for cartilage repair
The aim was to develop a hybrid three-dimensional-tissue engineering construct for chondrogenesis. The hypothesis was that they support chondrogenesis. A biodegradable, highly porous polycaprolactone-grate was produced by solid freeform fabrication. The polycaprolactone support was coated with a chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibre sheet produced by electrospinning. Transforming growth factor-β3-induced chondrogenesis was followed using the following markers: sex determining region Y/-box 9, runt-related transcription factor 2 and collagen II and X in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, histology and im...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - January 5, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Ainola, M., Tomaszewski, W., Ostrowska, B., Wesolowska, E., Wagner, H. D., Swieszkowski, W., Sillat, T., Peltola, E., Konttinen, Y. T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Curcumin delivered through bovine serum albumin/polysaccharides multilayered microcapsules
The aim of the paper is to obtain and characterize k-carrageenan–chitosan dual hydrogel multilayers shell BSA gel microcapsules, as a carrier for curcumin, and as a possible antitumoral agent in biological studies. We used the CaCO3 template to synthesize non-toxic CaCO3/BSA particles as microtemplates by coprecipitating a CaCl2 solution that contains dissolved BSA, with an equimolar Na2CO3 solution. The microcapsules shell is assembled through a layer-by-layer deposition technique of calcium cross-linked k-carrageenan hydrogel alternating with polyelectrolite complex hydrogel formed via electrostatic interactions be...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - January 5, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Pascalau, V., Soritau, O., Popa, F., Pavel, C., Coman, V., Perhaita, I., Borodi, G., Dirzu, N., Tabaran, F., Popa, C. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Biotin-conjugated fusogenic liposomes for high-quality cell purification
In this study, we developed a new approach for efficient cell population separation based on the specific membrane fusion characteristics of distinct cell types upon treatment with fusogenic liposomes. When such liposomes are conjugated with biotin, specific cell populations can be efficiently surface functionalized by biotin after liposomal treatment while other populations remain unlabeled. Due to the high affinity of biotin for avidin-like proteins, biotin functionalized cells are ideal targets for conjugation of e.g. avidin tagged magnetic beads, fluorophores or antibodies with bioanalytical relevance. Here, based on t...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - January 5, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Hersch, N., Wolters, B., Ungvari, Z., Gautam, T., Deshpande, D., Merkel, R., Csiszar, A., Hoffmann, B., Csiszar, A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Fabrication of interconnected pore forming {alpha}-tricalcium phosphate foam granules cement
In this study, interconnected pore forming calcium phosphate cement was fabricated using α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) foam granules. When α-TCP foam granules were mixed with acidic calcium phosphate solution prepared from monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) and phosphoric acid solution, brushite crystals were precipitated. These crystals bridged the α-TCP foam granules immediately upon mixing. As a result of the brushite bridge between the α-TCP foam granules, fully interconnected macroporous α-TCP was obtained. The amount of brushite precipitate and the mechanical strength of the...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - January 5, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Shariff, K. A., Tsuru, K., Ishikawa, K. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Brushite-based calcium phosphate cement with multichannel hydroxyapatite granule loading for improved bone regeneration
In this work, we report brushite-based calcium phosphate cement (CPC) system to enhance the in vivo biodegradation and tissue in-growth by incorporation of micro-channeled hydroxyapatite (HAp) granule and silicon and sodium addition in calcium phosphate precursor powder. Sodium- and silicon-rich calcium phosphate powder with predominantly tri calcium phosphate (TCP) phase was synthesized by an inexpensive wet chemical route to react with mono calcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) for making the CPC. TCP nanopowder also served as a packing filler and moderator of the reaction kinetics of the setting mechanism. Strong sintere...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - January 5, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Sarkar, S. K., Lee, B. Y., Padalhin, A. R., Sarker, A., Carpena, N., Kim, B., Paul, K., Choi, H. J., Bae, S.-H., Lee, B. T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Graphene oxide/manganese ferrite nanohybrids for magnetic resonance imaging, photothermal therapy and drug delivery
Superparamagnetic manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles have been deposited on graphene oxide (GO) by the thermal decomposition of manganese (II) acetylacetonate and iron (III) acetylacetonate precursors in triethylene glycol. The resulting GO/MnFe2O4 nanohybrids show very low cytotoxicity, negligible hemolytic activity, and imperceptible in vivo toxicity. In vitro and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging experiments demonstrate that GO/MnFe2O4 nanohybrids could be used as an effective T2 contrast agent. The strong optical absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region and good photothermal stability of GO/M...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - January 5, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Yang, Y., Shi, H., Wang, Y., Shi, B., Guo, L., Wu, D., Yang, S., Wu, H. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Comparative evaluation of in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability of regenerated silk scaffolds reinforced with/without natural silk fibers
In conclusion, the findings of the present study narrate key role of additional surface area in improving in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the scaffolds and suggest the potential ability of these fabricated composite scaffolds for connective tissue regeneration. Figure 1.Illustrative summary of the main methods and findings. RS: regenerated silk; RSF: regenerated fibroin/ silk fiber composite scaffolds; H&E: Hematoxylin and eosin; COX-1: Cyclooxygenase. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications)
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - January 5, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Mobini, S., Taghizadeh-Jahed, M., Khanmohammadi, M., Moshiri, A., Naderi, M.-M., Heidari-Vala, H., Ashrafi Helan, J., Khanjani, S., Springer, A., Akhondi, M.-M., Kazemnejad, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Isolation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of bovine rumen submucosa films of collagen or chitosan-treated collagen
Bovine rumen is hitherto considered as an inedible waste of meat industry. The rumen tissues can be used as an alternative source of collagen to produce biocompatible materials for clinical application. In an effort to develop a functional biomaterial from the inedible mammalian tissues, this study aims to isolate and characterize bovine rumen submucosa. Initially, the rumen tissue was sequentially processed using chemical and enzymatic treatment to decellularize, neutralize, stabilize, and to produce a native collagen matrix which is referred as collagen film (COL-F). Thus, prepared matrix was treated with 1% (w/v) chitos...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - January 5, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Gopal Shankar, K., Udhaya Kumar, S., Sowndarya, S., Suresh Babu, P., Rose, C. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

UV-activated 7-dehydrocholesterol-coated titanium implants promote differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts
In this study, we examined the impact of titanium implants surfaces coated with UV-irradiated 7-dehydrocholesterol on the osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. First, the synthesis of cholecalciferol (D3) was achieved through the incubation of the UV-activated 7-dehydrocholesterol coating for 48 h at 23℃. Further, we investigated in vitro the biocompatibility of this coating in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and its potential to enhance their differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells cultured onto UV-irradiated 7...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - January 5, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Satue, M., Ramis, J. M., Monjo, M. Tags: Functional biomaterials surfaces Source Type: research