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Novel superhydrophilic poly(L-lactic acid-co-{varepsilon}-caprolactone)/fibrinogen electrospun patch for rat abdominal wall reconstruction
A novel superhydrophilic hybrid scaffold was created by electrospinning a mixture of poly(l-lactic acid-co--caprolactone) and formulated fibrinogen. The hybrid scaffolds possess the combined benefits of each individual component, such as moderate mechanical strength and excellent biocompatibility. In vitro studies also revealed that endothelial cells seeded on the hybrid scaffolds achieved a relatively high level of cell attachment after three days of culture and a significant increase in the proliferation rate after seven days of culture, compared with pure fibrinogen or poly(l-lactic acid-co--caprolactone) scaffolds. A c...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - July 7, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Liu, Z., Li, S., Su, L., Sun, K., Wu, X., Wu, F., Huang, W., Yang, L., Tang, J., He, H. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Dental pulp tissue engineering with bFGF-incorporated silk fibroin scaffolds
The clinical translation of regenerative endodontics demands further development of suitable scaffolds. Here, we assessed the possibility of using silk fibroin scaffold for pulp regeneration with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in ectopic root canal transplantation model. Porous silk fibroin scaffolds were fabricated using freeze-drying technique (with or without bFGF incorporation), and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. DPSCs were isolated, characterized, seeded onto scaffolds, and inserted into the tooth root fragments...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - July 7, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Yang, J.-w., Zhang, Y.-f., Sun, Z.-y., Song, G.-t., Chen, Z. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Development of emulsification resistant heavier-than-water tamponades using high molecular weight silicone oil polymers
Conclusion Addition of a high molecular weight polymer to heavy silicone oil can increase the viscoelasticity. These findings might contribute to the development of emulsification resistant heavy silicone oils. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications)
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - July 7, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Caramoy, A., Kearns, V. R., Chan, Y. K., Hagedorn, N., Poole, R. J., Wong, D., Fauser, S., Kugler, W., Kirchhof, B., Williams, R. L. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Magnetic, fluorescent, and thermo-responsive poly(MMA-NIPAM-Tb(AA)3Phen)/Fe3O4 multifunctional nanospheres prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization
Magnetic, luminescent, and thermoresponsive multifunctional nanospheres composed of modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the core and rare earth complex Tb(AA)3Phen as the shell are synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. The core–shell spherical structure has a size between 140 and 220 nm and exhibits strong green fluorescence of the rare earth complex Tb(AA)3Phen. In the R2 relaxivity and in vivo MRI studies, the R2 relaxivity of the nanospheres is 562.56 mM–1 s–1 and enhanced T2-weighted images are observed from the nanospheres in the liver and spleen after injection as a contrast agent...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - July 7, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Gong, Y., Dai, J., Li, H., Wang, X., Xiong, H., Zhang, Q., Li, P., Yi, C., Xu, Z., Xu, H., Chu, P. K. Tags: Nanotechnology in Biomaterials Source Type: research

Polyhedral microcrystals encapsulating bone morphogenetic protein 2 improve healing in the alveolar ridge
Atelocollagen sponges incorporating polyhedra encapsulating bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) were implanted into lateral bone defects in the mandible. Half of the bone defects on the left side were treated with atelocollagen sponges containing 1.8 x 107 BMP-2 polyhedra, and half were treated with sponges containing 3.6 x 106 BMP-2 polyhedra. As controls, we treated the right-side bone defects in each animal with an atelocollagen sponge containing 5 µg of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) or 1.8 x 107 empty polyhedral. After a healing period of six months, whole mandibles were removed for micro-computed tomography...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - July 7, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Matsumoto, G., Ueda, T., Sugita, Y., Kubo, K., Mizoguchi, M., Kotani, E., Oda, N., Kawamata, S., Segami, N., Mori, H. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Preformed chitosan cryogel-biphasic calcium phosphate: a potential injectable biocomposite for pathologic fracture
We report a biocomposite comprised of preformed chitosan cryogel with dispersed biphasic calcium phosphate that can flow under moderate pressure allowing passage through a small gauge needle, while maintaining sufficient integrity and strength during injection for gel recovery. The formed samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and protein adsorption measurements. Composite with 1% w/v biphasic calcium phosphate (CSG1) resulted in a homogeneous and rigid final structure. Injectable composite cryogel CSG1 (2.5 ± 0.2 N, 23G needle)...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - July 7, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Abueva, C. D., Padalhin, A. R., Min, Y.-K., Lee, B.-T. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Mechanical and physicochemical characterization along with biological interactions of a new Ti25Nb21Hf alloy for bone tissue engineering
Nowadays, one of the main challenges in metal implants for bone substitution is the achievement of an elastic modulus close to that of human cortical bone as well as to provide an adequate interaction with the surrounding tissue avoiding in vivo foreign body reaction. From this perspective, a new Ti-based alloy has been developed with Nb and Hf as alloying elements which are known as non-toxic and with good corrosion properties. The microstructure, mechanical behaviour and the physicochemical properties of this novel titanium alloy have been studied. Relationship of surface chemistry and surface electric charge with p...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - July 7, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Herranz-Diez, C., Gil, F., Guillem-Marti, J., Manero, J. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Three-dimensional polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite scaffolds combined with bone marrow cells for cartilage tissue engineering
The goal of this study was to investigate the chondrogenic potential of three-dimensional polycaprolactone–hydroxyapatite (PCL–HA) scaffolds loaded with bone marrow cells in vitro and the effect of PCL–HA scaffolds on osteochondral repair in vivo. Here, bone marrow was added to the prepared PCL–HA scaffolds and cultured in chondrogenic medium for 10 weeks. Osteochondral defects were created in the trochlear groove of 29 knees in 17 New Zealand white rabbits, which were then divided into four groups that underwent: implantation of PCL–HA scaffolds (left knee, n = 17; Group 1), microfr...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - July 7, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wei, B., Yao, Q., Guo, Y., Mao, F., Liu, S., Xu, Y., Wang, L. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

A simple and robust method for pre-wetting poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid microspheres
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid microspheres are amenable to a number of biomedical procedures that support delivery of cells, drugs, peptides or genes. Hydrophilisation or wetting of poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid are an important pre-requisites for attachment of cells and can be achieved via exposure to plasma oxygen or nitrogen, surface hydrolysis with NaOH or chloric acid, immersion in ethanol and water, or prolonged incubation in phosphate buffered saline or cell culture medium. The aim of this study is to develop a simple method for wetting poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid microspheres for cell delivery applications. A ...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - July 7, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wright, B., Parmar, N., Bozec, L., Aguayo, S. D., Day, R. M. Tags: Functional Biomaterials Surfaces Source Type: research

Preparation and evaluation of biocompatible long-term radiopaque microspheres based on polyvinyl alcohol and lipiodol for embolization
In conclusion, the LRMs were proved to be biocompatible and provide long-term radiopacity with good physical and mechanical properties for embolization. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications)
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - July 7, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Meng, W.-J., Lu, X.-J., Wang, H., Fan, T.-Y., Cui, D.-C., Zhang, S.-S., Zheng, Z.-Z., Guan, H.-T., Song, L., Zou, Y.-H. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

In vitro evaluation of biocompatibility of Ti-Mo-Sn-Zr superelastic alloy
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) including superelastic alloys have unique properties such as shape memory and superelasticity, thus they are recognized as very useful biomaterials. These properties are very advantageous for medical use, and actually the SMA wires have been widely used in medical field. However, biocompatibility of nickel-titanium (Ni–Ti) alloy, which is the only practical SMA at present, has been questioned because of its high nickel content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a newly developed Ni-free Ti-based SMA for medical use. The newly developed SMA made of Ti–Mo&nda...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - June 9, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Nunome, S., Kanetaka, H., Kudo, T.-a., Endoh, K., Hosoda, H., Igarashi, K. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Magnesium-containing mixed coatings on zirconia for dental implants: mechanical characterization and in vitro behavior
In conclusion, these results demonstrate that magnesium addition increases the bioactivity potential of zirconia-calcium phosphate coatings and is thus a highly suitable candidate for bone implant coatings. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications)
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - June 9, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Pardun, K., Treccani, L., Volkmann, E., Streckbein, P., Heiss, C., Gerlach, J. W., Maendl, S., Rezwan, K. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Composition-property relationships for radiopaque composite materials: pre-loaded drug-eluting beads for transarterial chemoembolization
In conclusion, the mathematical models allowed for the identification and synthesis of a unique radiopaque composite. The optimized radiopaque composite had similar density and cell viability to commercially available embolic microspheres. It was possible to preload doxorubicin into radiopaque composite drug-eluting beads, such that sustained release was possible under simulated physiological conditions. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications)
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - June 9, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Kilcup, N., Tonkopi, E., Abraham, R. J., Boyd, D., Kehoe, S. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Potential use of gallium-doped phosphate-based glass material for periodontitis treatment
This study aimed at evaluating the potential effect of gallium-incorporated phosphate-based glasses towards periodontitis-associated bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and matrix metalloproteinase-13. Periodontitis describes a group of inflammatory diseases of the gingiva and supporting structures of the periodontium. They are initiated by the accumulation of plaque bacteria, such as the putative periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, but the host immune response such as elevated matrix metalloproteinases are the major contributing factor for destruction of periodontal tissues. Antibacterial assays of gallium-inco...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - June 9, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Sahdev, R., Ansari, T. I., Higham, S. M., Valappil, S. P. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Enhanced osteogenesis on titanium implants by UVB photofunctionalization of hydrothermally grown TiO2 coatings
Even though Ti-based implants are the most used materials for hard tissue replacement, they may present lack of osseointegration on the long term, due to their inertness. Hydrothermal treatment (HT) is a useful technique for the synthesis of firmly attached, highly crystalline coatings made of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2), providing favorable nanoroughness and higher exposed surface area, as well as greater hydrophilicity, compared to the native amorphous oxide on pristine titanium. The hydrophilicity drops even more by photofunctionalization of the nanostructured TiO2-anatase coatings under UV light. Human mesenchymal ...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - June 9, 2015 Category: Materials Science Authors: Lorenzetti, M., Dakischew, O., Trinkaus, K., Susanne Lips, K., Schnettler, R., Kobe, S., Novak, S. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research