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Understanding the response of pulsed electric field on osteoblast functions in three-dimensional mesh structures
The endogenous electric field plays a determining role in impacting biological functions including communication with the physiological system, brain, and bone regeneration by influencing cellular functions. From this perspective, the objective of the study described here is to elucidate the effect of external electric field under dynamic conditions, in providing a guiding cue to osteoblasts in terms of cell–cell interactions and synthesis of prominent adhesion and cytoskeleton proteins. This was accomplished using pulsed direct current electric field of strength 0.1–1 V/cm. The electric field provided guided c...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - October 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Kumar, A., Nune, K., Misra, R. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Triethyl orthoformate covalently cross-linked chitosan-(poly vinyl) alcohol based biodegradable scaffolds with heparin-binding ability for promoting neovascularisation
In this study, we continue our development of hydrogels for wound healing purposes by exploring covalently cross-linking chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels using triethyl orthoformate. Two concentrations of triethyl orthoformate (4 and 16%) were compared for their effects on the structure of hydrogels – their swelling, pore size, and rate of degradation and for their ability to support the growth of cells and for their heparin-binding capacity and their effects on angiogenesis in a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Hydrogels formed with 4 or 16% both triethyl orthoformate cross-linker were equally cyto-comp...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - October 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Shahzadi, L., Yar, M., Jamal, A., Siddiqi, S. A., Chaudhry, A. A., Zahid, S., Tariq, M., Rehman, I. u., MacNeil, S. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

In vitro and in vivo chemo-phototherapy of magnetic TiO2 drug delivery system formed by pH-sensitive coordination bond
To achieve tumor-specific delivery of doxorubicin, TiO2@Fe3O4/PEI/delivery of doxorubicin conjugates were designed and synthesized. Fe3O4 could act as magnetically responsive carriers and enhance the visible light photodynamic activities of TiO2. Delivery of doxorubicin was conjugated via coordination bond. The drug release rate at pH 5.2 was much faster than that at pH 7.4, due to pH-sensitive coordination bond. Besides, TiO2@Fe3O4/PEI/delivery of doxorubicin showed high antitumor efficacy combining with phototherapy, good bio-safety, higher cellular uptake with an external magnetic field, and less toxicity in vitro ...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - October 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Zhang, H., Ji, Y., Chen, Q., Zhu, X., Zhang, X., Tan, Z., Tian, Q., Yang, X., Zhang, Z. Tags: Functional Biomaterials Surfaces Source Type: research

Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro cytocompatibility of Ga-bioactive glass/polymer hydrogel composites
A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40–x)ZnO-(x)Ga2O3) was incorporated in carboxymethyl cellulose–dextran hydrogels at three different loadings (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25 m2), and the resulting composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, physical swelling characteristics, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. In vitro cytocompatibility was also evaluated for composite extracts in contact with L-929 mouse fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 human osteoblasts. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that glass particles were distributed throughout the hydrogel...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - October 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Keenan, T., Placek, L., Keenan, N., Hall, M., Wren, A. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

Synthesis and characterization of poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) complex microspheres as drug carriers
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) is synthesized via melt polycondensation directly from lactic acid and glycolic acid with a feed molar ratio of 75/25. Bovine serum albumin, which is used as model protein, is entrapped into the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres with particle size of 260.9 ± 20.0 nm by the double emulsification method. Then it is the first report of producing more carboxyl groups by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) surface hydrolysis. The purpose is developing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres surface, which is modified with chitosan by chemical reaction between carboxyl groups and...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - October 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wang, F., Liu, X., Yuan, J., Yang, S., Li, Y., Gao, Q. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

Scaffolds based on hyaluronan and carbon nanotubes gels
Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of hyaluronic acid/carbon nanotubes nanohybrids have been correlated with the proportion of inorganic nanophase and the preparation procedure. The mass fraction of -COOH functionalized carbon nanotubes was varied from 0 to 0.05. Hyaluronic acid was crosslinked with divinyl sulfone to improve its stability in aqueous media and allow its handling as a hydrogel. A series of samples was dried by lyophilization to obtain porous scaffolds whereas another was room-dried allowing the collapse of the hybrid structures. The porosity of the former, together with the tighter packing of hyalur...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - October 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Arnal-Pastor, M., Talla Ferrer, C., Herrero Herrero, M., Martinez-Gomez Aldaravi, A., Monleon Pradas, M., Valles-Lluch, A. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

The impact of decellularization agents on renal tissue extracellular matrix
In this study, the impact of five decellularization agents (0.1 N NaOH, 1% peracetic acid, 3% Triton X-100, 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 0.05% trypsin/EDTA) on renal tissue was examined using slices of porcine kidneys. The NaOH solution induced the most efficient cell removal, and resulted in the highest amount of cell viability and proliferation after recellularization, although it also produced the most significant damage to collagenous fiber networks, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The SDS solution led to less severe damage to the ECM structure but it resulted in lower metabolic ac...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - October 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Poornejad, N., Schaumann, L. B., Buckmiller, E. M., Momtahan, N., Gassman, J. R., Ma, H. H., Roeder, B. L., Reynolds, P. R., Cook, A. D. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

Optimization of alginate purification using polyvinylidene difluoride membrane filtration: Effects on immunogenicity and biocompatibility of three-dimensional alginate scaffolds
This study describes a simplified and economical alginate purification method that results in alginate purity, which meets clinically useful criteria. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications)
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - October 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Sondermeijer, H. P., Witkowski, P., Woodland, D., Seki, T., Aangenendt, F. J., van der Laarse, A., Itescu, S., Hardy, M. A. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

Osteogenic efficacy of strontium hydroxyapatite micro-granules in osteoporotic rat model
Excessive demineralization in osteoporotic bones impairs its self-regeneration potential following a defect/fracture and is of great concern among the aged population. In this context, implants with inherent osteogenic ability loaded with therapeutic ions like Strontium (Sr2+) may bring forth promising outcomes. Micro-granular Strontium incorporated Hydroxyapatite scaffolds have been synthesized and in vivo osteogenic efficacy was evaluated in a long-term osteoporosis-induced aged (LOA) rat model. Micro-granules with improved surface area are anticipated to resorb faster and together with the inherent bioactive proper...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - October 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Chandran, S., Babu S, S., VS, H. K., Varma, H., John, A. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Hydroxyapatite microporous bioceramics as vancomycin reservoir: Antibacterial efficiency and biocompatibility investigation
Abstarct Infections after bone reconstructive surgery are a real therapeutic and economic issue for the modern health care system. As the pathogen (most often Staphylococcus aureus) is able to develop a biofilm inside the bone, local delivery of antibiotics is of interest since high drug concentrations would be delivered directly at the target place. In this context, this study evaluated a porous hydroxyapatite implant as biocompatible bone substitute and vancomycin-delivery system to prevent post-operative infections. A simple method of impregnation with optimised conditions insured a high antibiotic loading (up to 2.3 &p...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - October 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Parent, M., Magnaudeix, A., Delebassee, S., Sarre, E., Champion, E., Viana Trecant, M., Damia, C. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Enhancement of posterolateral lumbar spine fusion using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and mesenchymal stem cells delivered in fibrin glue
In conclusion, our findings show that mesenchymal stem cells delivered with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 using fibrin glue as carrier are more effective in enhancing spine fusion than recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 without mesenchymal stem cells in the rabbit model. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications)
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - October 13, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Liu, Z., Zhu, Y., Zhu, H., He, X., Liu, X. Tags: Hard Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability
Hyaluronic acid (HAc)–hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. Two kinds of HAc-HAp composite fillers were generated: HAcmicroHAp and HAc-nanoHAp composites. HAc-microHAp was fabricated by mixing HAp microspheres with HAc hydrogels, and HAc-nanoHAp was made by in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels. Emphasis was placed on the effect of HAp on the durability and bioactivity of the fillers. Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - August 12, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Jeong, S.-H., Fan, Y.-F., Baek, J.-U., Song, J., Choi, T.-H., Kim, S.-W., Kim, H.-E. Tags: Soft Tissues and Materials Source Type: research

Lithium-free processing of silk fibroin
Silk fibroin protein was purified from Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons using a novel dialysis strategy to avoid fibroin aggregation and pre-mature formation of β-sheets. The degummed silk fibers were dissolved in Ajisawa’s reagent, a mixture of CaCl2–EtOH–H2O, that is less expensive than lithium bromide. The dissolved solutions were dialyzed against either water or urea solution with a stepwise decrease in concentration. When the steps of 4 M-2 M-1 M-0 M urea (referred to as silk-TS-4210) were adopted, the purified silk fibroin had smaller aggregates (<10 nm), similar average molecular weight (225 kD...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - August 12, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Zheng, Z., Guo, S., Liu, Y., Wu, J., Li, G., Liu, M., Wang, X., Kaplan, D. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

In vitro hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of a three-layered vascular scaffold fabricated by sequential electrospinning of PCL, collagen, and PLLA nanofibers
Aiming to mimic a blood vessel structurally, morphologically, and mechanically, a sequential electrospinning technique using a small diameter mandrel collector was performed and a three-layered tubular scaffold composed of nanofibers of polycaprolactone, collagen, and poly(l-lactic acid) as inner, intermediate, and outer layers, respectively, was developed. Biological performances of the scaffold in terms of compatibility with blood and endothelial cells were assessed to get some insights into its potential use as a tissue engineered small-diameter vascular replacement compared to an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascul...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - August 12, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Haghjooy Javanmard, S., Anari, J., Zargar Kharazi, A., Vatankhah, E. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research

Electrospun homogeneous silk fibroin/poly ({varepsilon}-caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffolds by addition of acetic acid for tissue engineering
In this study, we investigated the phase separation phenomenon of silk fibroin/poly (-caprolactone) electrospinning solution to improve the performance of silk fibroin/poly (-caprolactone) electrospun nanofibers. It showed that phase separation does occur in just a few hours in the silk fibroin/poly (-caprolactone)/formic acid mixture solution. Acetic acid, small molecule nonsolvent for silk fibroin, was first introduced to silk fibroin/poly (-caprolactone)/formic acid solution, a homogeneous solution without separation for over several days was achieved after mixing for 5 h. The morphology and composition of the silk fibr...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - August 12, 2016 Category: Materials Science Authors: Zhu, J., Luo, J., Zhao, X., Gao, J., Xiong, J. Tags: Biomaterials Processing Source Type: research