Gastric cancer: Risk analysis
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 66 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2018.9
Author: Ulrike Harjes
Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a pre-cancerous condition, and connected with an increased risk of developing intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma, the most common form of gastric cancer (GC). However, only a small subset of IM patients develop GC. In a 10-year prospective study, Huang, Ramnarayanan, Zhu, Srivastava (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - January 25, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ulrike Harjes Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Tumour metabolism: The promoter becomes the suppressor
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 66 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2018.8
Author: Sarah Seton-Rogers
Somatic mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 are common in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and glioma, and result in a neomorphic enzyme that produces the metabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG), which has been widely reported to have tumour-promoting activities. Su, Dong, Li et al. showed that (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - January 25, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sarah Seton-Rogers Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Immunotherapy: Bad B cells
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 66 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2018.7
Author: Anna Dart
Combination immune checkpoint blockade with anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) leads to higher response rates in patients with melanoma than either single agent alone. Yet, a drawback of this combination is an increase in immune-related adverse events. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - January 25, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Anna Dart Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Metabolism: Fusion power
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 66 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2018.2
Author: Ulrike Harjes
The fusion gene consisting of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 and transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 is oncogenic and present in a small cancer subset. Frattini et al. have identified that this fusion gene drives peroxisomal and mitochondrial biogenesis. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - January 25, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ulrike Harjes Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Tumour microenvironment: Radical changes
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 65 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2018.4
Author: Anna Dart
Reactive oxygen species derived from inflammatory myeloid cells is sufficient to induce mutagenesis in intestinal epithelial cells, independently of cytokines, to promote tumour initiation and progression. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - January 25, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Anna Dart Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
A matter of life and death: stem cell survival in tissue regeneration and tumour formation
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 187 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.122
Authors: Despina Soteriou & Yaron Fuchs
In recent years, great strides have been made in our understanding of how stem cells (SCs) govern tissue homeostasis and regeneration. The inherent longevity of SCs raises the possibility that the unique protective mechanisms in these cells might also be involved in tumorigenesis. In this (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - January 19, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Despina Soteriou Yaron Fuchs Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Targeting B cell receptor signalling in cancer: preclinical and clinical advances
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 148 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.121
Authors: Jan A. Burger & Adrian Wiestner
B cell receptor (BCR) signalling is crucial for normal B cell development and adaptive immunity. BCR signalling also supports the survival and growth of malignant B cells in patients with B cell leukaemias or lymphomas. The mechanism of BCR pathway activation in these diseases includes (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - January 19, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jan A. Burger Adrian Wiestner Tags: Review Source Type: research
Impact of oncogenic pathways on evasion of antitumour immune responses
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 139 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.117
Authors: Stefani Spranger & Thomas F. Gajewski
Immunotherapeutic interventions are showing effectiveness across a wide range of cancer types, but only a subset of patients shows clinical response to therapy. Responsiveness to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy is favoured by the presence of a local, CD8+ T cell-based immune response within the (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - January 12, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stefani Spranger Thomas F. Gajewski Tags: Review Source Type: research
EMT in cancer
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 128 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.118
Authors: Thomas Brabletz, Raghu Kalluri, M. Angela Nieto & Robert A. Weinberg
Similar to embryonic development, changes in cell phenotypes defined as an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been shown to play a role in the tumorigenic process. Although the first description of EMT in cancer was in cell cultures, evidence for its role in vivo (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - January 12, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Thomas Brabletz Raghu Kalluri M. Angela Nieto Robert A. Weinberg Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Autoimmunity checkpoints as therapeutic targets in B cell malignancies
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 103 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.111
Author: Markus Müschen
Targeted therapy of cancer typically focuses on inhibitors (for example, tyrosine kinase inhibitors) that suppress oncogenic signalling below a minimum threshold required for survival and proliferation of cancer cells. B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and B cell lymphomas originate from various stages of development of (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - January 5, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Markus M ΓΌ schen Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Targeted therapies: Strategies for mature T cell cancers
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 3 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.124
Author: Megan Cully
Two new papers provide insight into the future treatment of mature T cell cancers. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - December 20, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Megan Cully Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Metabolism: Adapting to the environment
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 2 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.123
Author: Sarah Seton-Rogers
Alvarez, Sviderskiy et al. have identified a pathway that allows primary lung tumour cells or lung metastatic breast tumour cells to survive in the high oxygen concentrations present in the lung. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - December 20, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sarah Seton-Rogers Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Targeting mutant p53 for efficient cancer therapy
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 89 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.109
Authors: Vladimir J. N. Bykov, Sofi E. Eriksson, Julie Bianchi & Klas G. Wiman
The tumour suppressor gene TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer. Wild-type p53 can suppress tumour development by multiple pathways. However, mutation of TP53 and the resultant inactivation of p53 allow evasion of tumour cell death and rapid tumour progression. The (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - December 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Vladimir J. N. Bykov Sofi E. Eriksson Julie Bianchi Klas G. Wiman Tags: Review Source Type: research
Ubiquitin ligases in oncogenic transformation and cancer therapy
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 69 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.105
Authors: Daniela Senft, Jianfei Qi & Ze'ev A. Ronai
The cellular response to external stress signals and DNA damage depends on the activity of ubiquitin ligases (E3s), which regulate numerous cellular processes, including homeostasis, metabolism and cell cycle progression. E3s recognize, interact with and ubiquitylate protein substrates in a temporally and spatially regulated manner. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - December 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Daniela Senft Jianfei Qi Ze'ev A. Ronai Tags: Review Source Type: research
An evolutionary perspective on field cancerization
Nature Reviews Cancer 18, 19 (2018).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.102
Authors: Kit Curtius, Nicholas A. Wright & Trevor A. Graham
Tumorigenesis begins long before the growth of a clinically detectable lesion and, indeed, even before any of the usual morphological correlates of pre-malignancy are recognizable. Field cancerization, which is the replacement of the normal cell population by a cancer-primed cell population that may show no (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - December 8, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kit Curtius Nicholas A. Wright Trevor A. Graham Tags: Review Source Type: research
