Preclinical mouse solid tumour models: status quo, challenges and perspectives
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 751 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.92
Authors: Nicolas Gengenbacher, Mahak Singhal & Hellmut G. Augustin
Oncology research in humans is limited to analytical and observational studies for obvious ethical reasons, with therapy-focused clinical trials being the one exception to this rule. Preclinical mouse tumour models therefore serve as an indispensable intermediate experimental model system bridging more reductionist in vitro (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 27, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nicolas Gengenbacher Mahak Singhal Hellmut G. Augustin Tags: Analysis Source Type: research
Small-cell lung cancer: what we know, what we need to know and the path forward
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 725 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.87
Authors: Adi F. Gazdar, Paul A. Bunn & John D. Minna
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly tumour accounting for approximately 15% of lung cancers and is pathologically, molecularly, biologically and clinically very different from other lung cancers. While the majority of tumours express a neuroendocrine programme (integrating neural and endocrine properties), an important subset (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 27, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Adi F. Gazdar Paul A. Bunn John D. Minna Tags: Review Source Type: research
Metabolism: More lactate, please
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 707 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.101
Author: Ulrike Harjes
The importance of 'Warburgian' metabolism in cancer is an increasingly disputed topic. By studying cancer metabolism in patients and mouse models, Faubert et al. now show that lactate is used as a respiratory fuel in non-small-cell lung cancer in vivo. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 27, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ulrike Harjes Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Cancer models: Escaping those primitive origins
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 705 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.100
Author: Anna Dart
An embryonic avian model recapitulates the early stages of tumorigenesis and metastases seen in patients with neuroblastoma. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 27, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Anna Dart Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Understanding and targeting resistance mechanisms in NSCLC
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 637 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.84
Authors: Julia Rotow & Trever G. Bivona
The expanding spectrum of both established and candidate oncogenic driver mutations identified in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), coupled with the increasing number of clinically available signal transduction pathway inhibitors targeting these driver mutations, offers a tremendous opportunity to enhance patient outcomes. Despite these molecular advances, (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 25, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Julia Rotow Trever G. Bivona Tags: Review Source Type: research
Targeted therapies: Understanding tumour drug addiction
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 634 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.98
Author: Conor A. Bradley
Kong et al. report a mechanism that underlies tumour 'drug addiction' in melanoma cell lines and mouse models involving an ERK2-dependent phenotype switch, which might have clinical implications for the use of alternating treatment strategies with targeted therapies. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 25, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Conor A. Bradley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Targeting immunosuppressive adenosine in cancer
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 709 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.86
Authors: Dipti Vijayan, Arabella Young, Michele W.L. Teng & Mark J. Smyth
Despite the success of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), anti-PD1 ligand 1 (PDL1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) therapies in advanced cancer, a considerable proportion of patients remain unresponsive to these treatments (known as innate resistance). In addition, one-third of patients relapse (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 23, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dipti Vijayan Arabella Young Michele W.L. Teng Mark J. Smyth Tags: Review Source Type: research
Genome-wide association studies of cancer: current insights and future perspectives
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 692 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.82
Authors: Amit Sud, Ben Kinnersley & Richard S. Houlston
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide an agnostic approach for investigating the genetic basis of complex diseases. In oncology, GWAS of nearly all common malignancies have been performed, and over 450 genetic variants associated with increased risks have been identified. As well as revealing novel pathways (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Amit Sud Ben Kinnersley Richard S. Houlston Tags: Review Source Type: research
Engineering and physical sciences in oncology: challenges and opportunities
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 659 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.83
Authors: Michael J. Mitchell, Rakesh K. Jain & Robert Langer
The principles of engineering and physics have been applied to oncology for nearly 50 years. Engineers and physical scientists have made contributions to all aspects of cancer biology, from quantitative understanding of tumour growth and progression to improved detection and treatment of cancer. Many early (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Michael J. Mitchell Rakesh K. Jain Robert Langer Tags: Review Source Type: research
Non-small cell lung cancer: Where there's smoke...
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 634 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.95
Author: Ulrike Harjes
A recent study shows that smoking-induced epigenetic changes in lung epithelium occur even before malignant transformation, and sensitize the cells to allow a single key oncogenic event to initiate the growth of a tumour. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ulrike Harjes Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Immunotherapy: When viruses attack
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 633 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.97
Author: Anna Dart
Two studies have shown the potential of oncolytic viruses to reverse immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Anna Dart Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
New perspectives for targeting RAF kinase in human cancer
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 676 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.79
Authors: Zoi Karoulia, Evripidis Gavathiotis & Poulikos I. Poulikakos
The discovery that a subset of human tumours is dependent on mutationally deregulated BRAF kinase intensified the development of RAF inhibitors to be used as potential therapeutics. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved second-generation RAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib have elicited remarkable responses and (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 6, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zoi Karoulia Evripidis Gavathiotis Poulikos I. Poulikakos Tags: Review Source Type: research
Immunotherapy: CD8+ T cells — burn fat, get fit
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 635 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.94
Author: Conor A. Bradley
Zhang et al. report that CD8+ tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes exposed to a hypoglycaemic and hypoxic tumour microenvironment enhance PPARα signalling and fatty acid catabolism to partially preserve effector functions and increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in melanoma mouse models. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - October 6, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Conor A. Bradley Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Targeting neoantigens to augment antitumour immunity
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 569 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.74
Author: Mark Yarchoan, Burles A. Johnson, Eric R. Lutz, Daniel A. Laheru & Elizabeth M. Jaffee
Nature Reviews Cancer17, 209–222 (2017)In the legend of Figure 2 of this article there was an error in the formula for the objective response rate (ORR). The formula should read ORR (%) = 8 x ln(x) + (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - August 24, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mark Yarchoan Burles A. Johnson Eric R. Lutz Daniel A. Laheru Elizabeth M. Jaffee Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research
Unravelling biology and shifting paradigms in cancer with single-cell sequencing
Nature Reviews Cancer 17, 557 (2017).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.58
Authors: Timour Baslan & James Hicks
The fundamental operative unit of a cancer is the genetically and epigenetically innovative single cell. Whether proliferating or quiescent, in the primary tumour mass or disseminated elsewhere, single cells govern the parameters that dictate all facets of the biology of cancer. Thus, single-cell analyses provide (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - August 24, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Timour Baslan James Hicks Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
