Tumour immunology: Metastasis in action
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 271 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.43
Author: Lucy Bird
Circulating tumour cells fragment as they metastasize, providing 'information' to immune cells that promote or inhibit metastasis. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - April 25, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lucy Bird Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Sexual dimorphism in cancer
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 330 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.30
Authors: Andrea Clocchiatti, Elisa Cora, Yosra Zhang & G. Paolo Dotto
The incidence of many types of cancer arising in organs with non-reproductive functions is significantly higher in male populations than in female populations, with associated differences in survival. Occupational and/or behavioural factors are well-known underlying determinants. However, cellular and molecular differences between the two sexes (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - April 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Andrea ClocchiattiElisa CoraYosra ZhangG. Paolo Dotto Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Mechanism-driven biomarkers to guide immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 275 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.36
Authors: Suzanne L. Topalian, Janis M. Taube, Robert A. Anders & Drew M. Pardoll
With recent approvals for multiple therapeutic antibodies that block cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and kidney cancer, and additional immune checkpoints being targeted clinically, many questions still remain regarding the optimal (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - April 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Suzanne L. TopalianJanis M. TaubeRobert A. AndersDrew M. Pardoll Tags: Review Source Type: research
Tumour suppressors: Turning a negative into a positive
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 272 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.39
Author: Nicola McCarthy
A recent publication in Nature Medicine in which Seyedmehdi Shojaee, Markus Müschen and colleagues show that deletion of the tumour suppressor PTEN in pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (pre-B ALL) cells results in cell death. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - April 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nicola McCarthy Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
The importance of p53 pathway genetics in inherited and somatic cancer genomes
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 251 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.15
Authors: Giovanni Stracquadanio, Xuting Wang, Marsha D. Wallace, Anna M. Grawenda, Ping Zhang, Juliet Hewitt, Jorge Zeron-Medina, Francesc Castro-Giner, Ian P. Tomlinson, Colin R. Goding, Kamil J. Cygan, William G. Fairbrother, Laurent F. Thomas, Pål Sætrom, Federica Gemignani, Stefano Landi, Benjamin Schuster-Böckler, Douglas A. Bell & Gareth L. Bond
Decades of research have shown that mutations in the p53 stress response pathway affect the incidence of diverse cancers more than mutations in other pathways. However, most eviden...
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - March 23, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Giovanni StracquadanioXuting WangMarsha D. WallaceAnna M. GrawendaPing ZhangJuliet HewittJorge Zeron-MedinaFrancesc Castro-GinerIan P. TomlinsonColin R. GodingKamil J. CyganWilliam G. FairbrotherLaurent F. ThomasPål SætromFederica GemignaniStefano Landi Tags: Analysis Source Type: research
Targeting metastasis
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 201 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.25
Author: Patricia S. Steeg
Tumour metastasis, the movement of tumour cells from a primary site to progressively colonize distant organs, is a major contributor to the deaths of cancer patients. Therapeutic goals are the prevention of an initial metastasis in high-risk patients, shrinkage of established lesions and prevention of (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - March 23, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Patricia S. Steeg Tags: Review Source Type: research
Genetics: Pushing boundaries
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 199 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.34
Author: Gemma K. Alderton
Chromosome structures called insulated neighbourhoods allow the control of genes within that structure, and Hnisz, Weintraub et al. investigated whether proto-oncogenes might also be affected by this regulation. They found that recurrent deletions that ablate the boundaries of insulated neighbourhoods occur in many types (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - March 23, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gemma K. Alderton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Exercise: Running mobilizes tumour cell killers
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 199 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.33
Author: Gemma K. Alderton
There is accumulating evidence that exercise can suppress tumorigenesis in humans and improve outcomes in patients with cancer but the mechanisms are unclear. Using five mouse models of cancer, Pedersen et al. showed that voluntary running reduced tumorigenesis and also reduced tumour progression by (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - March 23, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gemma K. Alderton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Tumour suppression: To EMT or not to EMT?
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 199 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.32
Author: Gemma K. Alderton
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling can be oncogenic or tumour suppressive. Because SMAD4, a mediator of TGFβ signalling, is frequently inactivated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), David et al. used this cancer type to investigate the dichotomous role of TGFβ in tumorigenesis. In PDAC (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - March 23, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gemma K. Alderton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Metastasis: The tumour microenvironment drives metastasis
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 199 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.31
Author: Gemma K. Alderton
Mlecnik et al. analysed the genetics, levels of genomic instability, vascularization and the immunoscore (a measure of the 'immune contexture' of the tumour microenvironment) in a cohort of colorectal cancers. They found that FBXW7 mutations were inversely correlated with metastasis; genomic instability did (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - March 23, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gemma K. Alderton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Chemotherapy: Preventing competitive release
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 199 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.28
Author: Sarah Seton-Rogers
Enriquez-Navas et al. show that an evolution-based adaptive treatment strategy is more effective than standard therapy for controlling tumour growth in orthotopic xenograft mouse models of breast cancer. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - March 23, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sarah Seton-Rogers Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Tumour metabolism: Feeding the TCA cycle in vivo
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 198 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.29
Author: Gemma K. Alderton
Two papers assess the role of glucose in lung cancer metabolism in vivo. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - March 23, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gemma K. Alderton Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
Radiation oncology in the era of precision medicine
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 234 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.18
Authors: Michael Baumann, Mechthild Krause, Jens Overgaard, Jürgen Debus, Søren M. Bentzen, Juliane Daartz, Christian Richter, Daniel Zips & Thomas Bortfeld
Technological advances and clinical research over the past few decades have given radiation oncologists the capability to personalize treatments for accurate delivery of radiation dose based on clinical parameters and anatomical information. Eradication of gross and microscopic tumours with preservation of health-related quality of life (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - March 17, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Michael BaumannMechthild KrauseJens OvergaardJürgen DebusSøren M. BentzenJuliane DaartzChristian RichterDaniel ZipsThomas Bortfeld Tags: Review Source Type: research
Vaccines for established cancer: overcoming the challenges posed by immune evasion
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 219 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.16
Authors: Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Ramon Arens, Ferry Ossendorp, Thorbald van Hall & Cornelis J. M. Melief
Therapeutic vaccines preferentially stimulate T cells against tumour-specific epitopes that are created by DNA mutations or oncogenic viruses. In the setting of premalignant disease, carcinoma in situ or minimal residual disease, therapeutic vaccination can be clinically successful as monotherapy; however, in established cancers, therapeutic (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - March 10, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sjoerd H. van der BurgRamon ArensFerry OssendorpThorbald van HallCornelis J. M. Melief Tags: Review Source Type: research
Genetics: Common co-deletion isn't a silent passenger
Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 197 (2016).
doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.26
Author: Lydia Shipman
Two studies in Science report that co-deletion of MTAP — which is common in CDKN2A-deleted cancers — is not a silent passenger event but renders cells sensitive to inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a dependency that could be therapeutically targeted in MTAP-deleted cancers. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - March 10, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lydia Shipman Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research
