Persistent Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection is Associated with Low Salivary Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8)
Approximately 24% of oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA positive [1]. However, the detection of HPV-DNA only is not a sufficient indicator of causality, and it has been estimated that the HPV attributable fraction in oral cavity SCC could be as low as 3.0 – 6.8%, depending on the biomarkers used [1,2]. Furthermore, HPV-involvement is highly dependent on, e.g., cancer site or geographical region [1,2]. A persistent HPV infection is a prerequisite for a HPV-related cancer to develop. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 23, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Anna Haukioja, Taina Tervahartiala, Timo Sorsa, Stina Syrj änen Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA screening and sequencing using dry plasma spots
Approximately 50% of HCV carriers worldwide remain undiagnosed [1]. There have been calls for expanded HCV testing, based upon the proven efficacy of treatment in reducing morbidity and mortality and preventing transmission [2 –4]. Recommendations for HCV screening are based on testing needs in different populations [2], which must be informed by epidemiological data. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 23, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Anna Maria Geretti, Simon King, Kwabena Adjei-Asante, Lambert Appiah, Dorcas Owusu, Fred Stephen Sarfo, David Chadwick, Richard Odame Phillips, Apostolos Beloukas Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Is epstein-barr virus infection associated with the pathogenesis of microscopic colitis?
Microscopic colitis (MC) – a term including the two forms of the disease, i.e. collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis – is a major and emerging cause of chronic diarrhoea, particularly in elderly female patients. MC has a distinct clinical setting, without relevant endoscopic findings, but with a typical histologic al pattern [1,2]. Notably, some inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like features may be observed in MC. Consequently, MC and IBD could represent similar diseases lying on the same spectrum of inflammatory gut disorders. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 20, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Aroldo Gabriele Rizzo, Ambrogio Orlando, Elena Gallo, Andrea Bisanti, Stefania Sferrazza, Luigi Maria Montalbano, Fabio Salvatore Macaluso, Mario Cottone Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Characterization of Type I Interferon Responses in Dengue and Severe Dengue in Children in Paraguay
Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide. It is caused by any of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes which are transmitted to humans by the bite of Aedes spp. mosquitoes [1,2]. Infection with DENV can remain asymptomatic or cause a spectrum of clinical manifestations of varying severity, ranging from mild fever, formerly known as dengue fever (DF), to a potentially life-threatening disease, characterized by plasma leakage and hemorrhage (dengue hemorrhagic fever [DHF]) leading to hypovolemic shock [3]. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 18, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Laura B. Talarico, Alana B. Byrne, Sara Amarilla, Dolores Lovera, Cynthia V ázquez, Gustavo Chamorro, Patricio L. Acosta, Adrián Ferretti, Mauricio T. Caballero, Antonio Arbo, Fernando P. Polack Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
High diversity of human parechovirus including novel types in stool samples from Ghanaian children
Human parechoviruses (HPeV) belong to the family Picornaviridae and circulate worldwide, but information on the prevalence and diversity of HPeV in sub-Saharan Africa is limited [1]. At least 17 HPeV genotypes have been described to date, most of them only recently (www.picornaviridae.com/parechovirus/hpev/hpev.htm). In general, infection caused by HPeV-1 and −2 remains asymptomatic or causes mild enteric or respiratory symptoms. For HPeV-3, however, severe clinical courses with sepsis-like illness or encephalitis have been described [2]. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 17, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Silke Graul, Sindy B öttcher, Daniel Eibach, Ralf Krumkamp, Julia Käsmaier, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Jürgen May, Egbert Tannich, Marcus Panning Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Persistence and infectivity of Zika Virus in semen after returning from endemic areas: report of 5 cases
Zika Virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne Flavivirus that since 2015 is producing a major outbreak in South America and the Caribbean regions. Zika virus can produce multiple congenital defects. Due to this congenital Zika virus syndrome, the World Health Organization declared that the Zika outbreak was a Global Public Health Emergency from February 2016 to November 2016. The unprecedented high number of Zika cases has been probably the consequence of climate changes that facilitated the rapid spread of Aedes mosquito species in the affected regions as well as the spread of ZIKV in an immunological naive population. ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 13, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: S. Garc ía-Bujalance, A. Gutiérrez-Arroyo, F. De la Calle, M. Díaz-Menéndez, Jose R. Arribas, J. García-Rodríguez, M. Arsuaga Source Type: research
Rhinovirus viremia in adult patients with high viral load in bronchoalveolar lavages
Rhinovirus (RV) is the most common virus found in respiratory tract infections in children and adults [1 –3]. Rhinovirus primarily results in mild upper respiratory tract infections, known as the “common cold”. However, a role for rhinovirus in lower respiratory tract infections has also been described. Rhinovirus was detected in 2-17% of the community acquired pneumonias, [4–8] in children eve n up to 26% [9]. Severe rhinovirus-associated pneumonias may givesimilar symptoms and rates of mortality as severe influenza-associated pneumonia, but are more likely to occur in immunocompromised. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 13, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Anneloes L. Van Rijn, Eric C. Claas, Peter A. von dem Borne, Aloys C.M. Kroes, Jutte J.C. de Vries Source Type: research
High genetic variability of norovirus leads to diagnostic test challenges
Norovirus (NoV) infection is a leading cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks and sporadic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in individuals of all ages [1,2]. Since the implementation of rotavirus vaccine programs, NoV has been identified as the most important cause of viral AGE in young children [3 –5]. To date, seven genogroups of NoV (GI to GVII) have been identified, of these NoV GI and GII are the most important human pathogens. Norovirus GI and GII are further divided into over 40 genotypes based on the relatedness of the NoV VP1 capsid protein sequence. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 9, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Ran Zhuo, Joanne Cho, YuanYuan Qiu, Brendon D Parsons, Bonita E Lee, Linda Chui, Stephen B Freedman, Xiaoli Pang, on behalf of the Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam APPETITE Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Optimized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting cytomegalovirus infections during clinical trials of recombinant vaccines
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) [1] is a major cause of congenital infection and is currently the most common nongenetic cause of childhood hearing loss [1]. Congenital CMV infection is also an important cause of mental retardation and neuromuscular impairments and was identified as a high priority target in Institute of Medicine vaccine prioritization reports [2]. A vaccine administered to adolescents or adult women could prevent congenital CMV infection by making them immune prior to pregnancy [1]. Since CMV infections in healthy children and adults are rarely clinically apparent, it is necessary to use serodiagnostic tests to det...
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 9, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Anke Pagnon, Fabienne Piras, Sophie Gimenez-Fourage, Joseline Dubayle, Nad ège Arnaud-Barbe, Catherine Hessler, Catherine Caillet Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
HIV Misdiagnosis: A root cause analysis leading to Improvements in HIV Diagnosis and Patient Care
Since 1985, the cornerstone for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been the detection of antibodies against HIV. The standard diagnostic algorithm has consisted of a high sensitivity screening test for antibodies to HIV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) followed by a high specificity confirmatory test, which often has been a Western Blot (WB) [1,2]. The reason for this two-stage testing format is due to the low positive predictive value (PPV) observed in screening tests when used in low-prevalence populations despite the exquisite sensitivity and specificity reported in the l...
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 9, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Raynell Lang, Carmen Charlton, Brenda Beckthold, Kiana Kadivar, Stephanie Lavoie, Doug Caswell, Paul Levett, Greg Horsman, John Kim, M. John Gill Source Type: research
A European multi-centre External Quality Assessment (EQA) study on phenotypic and genotypic methods used for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) drug resistance testing
Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are responsible for recurrent orofacial and genital infections. The primary infection is usually self-limiting and is followed by establishment of long-term latency in the ganglia of sensory nerves from where it can recur upon alteration of the immune system. Neonates who are born to mothers with active HSV may acquire the virus and develop life-threatening conditions. Depending on extent of infection, neonatal herpes can be categorised into three types: (1) skin, eye, and mouth infections, (2) central nervous system involvement (encephalitis), and (3) disseminated inf...
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 6, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Baharak Afshar, David F. Bibby, Renata Piorkowska, Natasha Ohemeng-Kumi, Robert Snoeck, Graciela Andrei, Sarah Gillemot, Florence Morfin, Emilie Frobert, Sonia Burrel, David Boutolleau, Brendan Crowley, Jean L. Mbisa Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Disseminated adenovirus infection after allogeneic stem cell transplant and the potential role of brincidofovir – Case series and 10 year experience of management in an adult transplant cohort
Adenovirus infection is a recognized cause of morbidity and mortality following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) occurring in 5% to 47% of recipients [1 –7]. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 3, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Isobel D. Ramsay, Charlotte Attwood, Dianne Irish, Paul D. Griffiths, Charalampia Kyriakou, David M. Lowe Source Type: research
Comprehensive Detection of Viruses in Pediatric Patients with Acute Liver Failure Using Next-Generation Sequencing
Pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a rare disease in which liver function is rapidly destroyed accompanied with coagulopathy and with or without altered mentation. In Japan, approximately 10 cases are annually registered and the estimated frequency is 20 cases per year [1]. The prognosis of PALF is severe; more than 70% of cases undergo liver transplantation with an estimated survival rate of 50 –70% [1]. Patients are required to take immunosuppressive agents for a long time after liver transplantation, thus alternative treatments are needed. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - October 3, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Takako Suzuki, Jun-ichi Kawada, Yusuke Okuno, Satoshi Hayano, Kazuhiro Horiba, Yuka Torii, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Syuichiro Umetsu, Tsuyoshi Sogo, Ayano Inui, Yoshinori Ito Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Performance of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of anti-HBs in various patient populations
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease that affects approximately 240 million people worldwide [1]. Each year, nearly 700,000 people die from HBV-related chronic liver disease through end-stage cirrhosis, liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma [2]. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine against HBV and of potent and safe antiviral drugs, chronic hepatitis B remains a global health problem with its prevalence varying geographically. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that the first vaccine dose be administered in all infants as early as possible after birth. (So...
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - September 28, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Lila Poiteau, Alexandre Soulier, Fran çoise Roudot-Thoraval, Christophe Hézode, Dominique Challine, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Stéphane Chevaliez Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Hepatitis B virus reactivation after heart transplant: incidence and clinical impact
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem with about 248 million people chronically infected [1]. Sexual and parenteral transmission occurs not only from HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positive subjects, but also from HBsAg-negative donors [2,3] with the so called “occult hepatitis B infection (OBI)”. OBI consists in the long-term persistence of viral genomes (covalently closed circular DNA and/or messenger RNA) in hepatocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), very low ( (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - September 23, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Martina Vitrone, Domenico Iossa, Luca Rinaldi, Pia Clara Pafundi, Rosa Molaro, Antonio Parrella, Roberto Andini, Enrico Ragone, Ciro Maiello, Rosa Zampino, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
