In vitro sensitivity of human parainfluenza 3 clinical isolates to ribavirin, favipiravir and zanamivir
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) are a prominent cause of both upper (URTI) and lower (LRTI) respiratory tract infection with a broad spectrum of presentation [1 –4]. HPIV3 is recognised as a cause of serious morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised, in particular among haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients [3,5,6]. Immunity to HPIV3 is incomplete and re-infections occur throughout life. Currently there is no vaccine and no approved t reatment for HPIV3, indicating a clear and urgent need for a potential therapeutic candidate. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 15, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Anna Smielewska, Edward Emmott, Ian Goodfellow, Hamid Jalal Source Type: research
Standardization of Rubella Immunoassays
Rubella virus (RV) is only found in humans and is transmitted by aerosol via the respiratory tract. It is responsible of a mild viral disease that typically occured in childhood before introduction of vaccination. The risks of congenital infection and defects depend on the gestational age at infection. A RV infection during embryogenesis often leads to the classic triad of cataracts, cardiac abnormalities and sensorineural deafness, but many other defects may be observed. RV was first isolated in 1962, in the following years serologic assays were developed, and in 1969, three rubella vaccines (HPV-77, Cendehill and RA27/3)...
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 15, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: C. Vauloup-Fellous Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Next Generation Sequencing reveals a high frequency of CXCR4 utilizing viruses in HIV-1 chronically infected drug experienced individuals in South Africa
The entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into target cells is mediated by the virus ’ envelope glycoproteins. Specifically, gp120 interacts with the CD4 receptor and co-receptors, either CCR5 or CXCR4 [1]. Viruses with the ability to use CCR5 are classified as R5 viruses, those that use CXCR4 are classified as X4 viruses, while those that use both co-receptors are referred to as dual tropic (R5X4 viruses) [2]. R5X4 viruses are further classified as dual-R (R5+X4, a mixture of R5 and X4 viruses with R5 existing as majority and X4 as minority) or dual-X (R5X4+ a mixture of R5 and X4 viruses with X4 existing...
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 15, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Nontokozo D. Matume, Denis M. Tebit, Pascal O. Bessong Source Type: research
In vitro sensitivity of human parainfluenza 3 clinical isolates to ribavirin, favipiravir and zanamivir
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) are a prominent cause of both upper (URTI) and lower (LRTI) respiratory tract infection with a broad spectrum of presentation [1 –4]. HPIV3 is recognised as a cause of serious morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised, in particular among haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients [3,5,6]. Immunity to HPIV3 is incomplete and re-infections occur throughout life. Currently there is no vaccine and no approved t reatment for HPIV3, indicating a clear and urgent need for a potential therapeutic candidate. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 15, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Anna Smielewska, Edward Emmott, Ian Goodfellow, Hamid Jalal Source Type: research
BK polyomavirus microRNA expression and sequence variation in polyomavirus-associated nephropathy
Human BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a common DNA virus with overall 80% seroprevalence [1 –3]. BKPyV is encountered in early childhood, after which asymptomatic lifelong persistence is established in the renourinary tract [4,5]. In immunocompromised individuals, particularly in renal transplant recipients, reactivation of latent BKPyV may cause severe complications [4]. Because up to 1 0% of renal transplant recipients develop polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN), these patients are screened for BKPyV viremia and viruria [6]. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 12, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Elina Virtanen, Hanna Sepp älä, Ilkka Helanterä, Pia Laine, Irmeli Lautenschlager, Lars Paulin, Laura Mannonen, Petri Auvinen, Eeva Auvinen Source Type: research
Antiviral resistance due to deletion in the neuraminidase gene and defective interfering-like viral polymerase basic 2 RNA of influenza A virus subtype H3N2
Influenza is normally an acute self-limiting disease of a week ’s duration; however, in immunocompromised patients, prolonged infections lasting months have been reported [1–4]. Prevention of severe influenza is mainly based on immunizations with vaccines produced annually to accommodate the antigenically changing seasonal viruses [5,6]. The effect of vacci nation in immunocompromised patients is questionable which is why other modes of prevention and/or treatment are considered for this risk group [7–12]. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 11, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Ramona Trebbien, Claus Bohn Christiansen, Thea K ølsen Fischer Source Type: research
Sexually transmitted infections and immune activation among HIV-infected but virally suppressed youth on antiretroviral therapy
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with chronic immune activation leading to loss of T-cells and HIV disease progression [1]. HIV replication in lymph nodes alters node structure, further decreasing CD4+ T-cells [2 –4]. Markers of immune activation are associated with declining CD4+ T-cell counts [5], HIV disease progression, [6] and development of persistent inflammation that is not fully reversed by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) [7–9]. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 6, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Tanya L. Kowalczyk Mullins, Su X. Li, James Bethel, Maureen M. Goodenow, Stephanie Hudey, John W. Sleasman, the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV AIDS Interventions Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Genetic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus highlights a new BA genotype and emergence of the ON1 genotype in Lyon, France, between 2010 and 2014
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main causes of severe respiratory tract infections (RTI) and death in children [1]. Almost all children before two years of age have been infected by RSV and multiple reinfections may occur throughout their lifetime [2]. This virus is also reported in adult patients, especially after 65 years old [3,4]. During an acute RSV infection, very few therapeutics are available: there are no specific antiviral treatment and ribavirin is the only antiviral approved for RSV treatment but hardly used due to important side effects. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 6, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Alexandre Gaymard, Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp, Maxime Pichon, Emilie Frobert, Julien Vallee, Bruno Lina, Jean-S ébastien Casalegno, Florence Morfin Source Type: research
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Immune Activation among HIV-Infected but Virally Suppressed Youth on Antiretroviral Therapy
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with chronic immune activation leading to loss of T-cells and HIV disease progression [1]. HIV replication in lymph nodes alters node structure, further decreasing CD4+ T-cells [2 –4]. Markers of immune activation are associated with declining CD4+ T-cell counts [5], HIV disease progression, [6] and development of persistent inflammation that is not fully reversed by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) [7–9]. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 6, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Tanya L. Kowalczyk Mullins, Su X. Li, James Bethel, Maureen M. Goodenow, Stephanie Hudey, John W. Sleasman, the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV AIDS Interventions Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Self-sampling with HPV mRNA analyses from vagina and urine compared with cervical samples
Up to 80% of cervical cancers are considered to be preventable with a good screening program and treatment of early lesions. In many industrialized countries the introduction of a screening program to prevent cervical cancer has led to a major reduction in cervical cancer incidence, thus showing that prevention makes a great difference [1]. Approximately 64% of the cervical cancer cases in Sweden and 83% of the cases of advanced disease develop in women not attending the screening program or in women above screening age [2]. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 6, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Katrin Christine Asciutto, Avalon Ernstson, Ola Forslund, Christer Borgfeldt Source Type: research
Genetic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus highlights a new BA genotype and emergence of the ON1 genotype in Lyon, France, between 2010 and 2014
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main causes of severe respiratory tract infections (RTI) and death in children [1]. Almost all children before two years of age have been infected by RSV and multiple reinfections may occur throughout their lifetime [2]. This virus is also reported in adult patients, especially after 65 years old [3,4]. During an acute RSV infection, very few therapeutics are available: there are no specific antiviral treatment and ribavirin is the only antiviral approved for RSV treatment but hardly used due to important side effects. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 6, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Alexandre Gaymard, Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp, Maxime Pichon, Emilie Frobert, Julien Valle, Bruno Lina, Jean-S ébastien Casalegno, Florence Morfin Source Type: research
Next generation sequencing of HIV-1 protease in the PIVOT trial of protease inhibitor monotherapy
The UK-based PIVOT trial examined whether patients with suppressed viral load (VL) on combination antiretroviral therapy could be safely switched to ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI) monotherapy, with regular HIV VL monitoring and prompt reintroduction of combination therapy for VL rebound (defined as a confirmed VL ≥50 copies/ml) [1]. The primary outcome in the trial was the loss of future drug options, defined as intermediate to high level resistance (predicted from genotype) to one or more licensed drugs in contemporary use. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 5, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: David T. Dunn, Wolfgang St öhr, Alejandro Arenas-Pinto, Anna Tostevin, Jean L. Mbisa, Nicholas I. Paton, for the Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Versus Ongoing Triple Therapy PIVOT Trial Team Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Human Coronavirus Circulation in the United States 2014 –2017
Human coronaviruses (HCoV) HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-OC43 circulate worldwide and cause a range of respiratory symptoms [1]. Infections are often asymptomatic or associated with mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illness in immunocompetent children and adults; HCoVs are considered the second most common cause of the common cold [2]. Infections can also result in lower respiratory tract illness including bronchiolitis and pneumonia, especially in immunocompromised individuals, infants, and older adults [1]. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - February 4, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Marie E. Killerby, Holly M. Biggs, Amber Haynes, Rebecca Dahl, Desiree Mustaquim, Susan I. Gerber, John T. Watson Source Type: research
