Current Status of Platelet Transfusion in Pediatric Patients
Outside of the neonatal period, most platelets that are transfused to pediatric patients are given to those who are thrombocytopenic secondary to malignancy and associated therapy and/or hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant, or to those with significant bleeding associated with surgery, especially cardiac surgery. Indications for platelet transfusion, doses, and other practices for children largely mimic adult platelet transfusion protocols because there are few pediatric-specific studies in this area. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - August 3, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Steven R. Sloan, Robert I. Parker Source Type: research
Pediatric Patient Blood Management Programs: Not Just Transfusing Little Adults
Red blood cell transfusions are a common life-saving intervention for neonates and children with anemia, but transfusion decisions, indications and doses in neonates and children are different from those of adults. Patient blood management (PBM) programs are designed to assist clinicians with appropriately transfusing patients. While PBM programs are well-recognized and appreciated in the adult setting, they are quite far from standard-of-care in the pediatric patient population. Adult PBM standards cannot be uniformly applied to children and there currently is significant variation in transfusion practices. (Source: Trans...
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - July 31, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Ruchika Goel, Melissa Cushing, Aaron A.R. Tobian Source Type: research
Regulatory T cells: Central concepts from ontogeny to therapy
The balanced differentiation of na ïve CD4+ T cells into either pro- or anti-inflammatory fates is a central regulator of immune homeostasis, dysregulation of which can lead to inflammatory disease or cancer. Accordingly, the development of diagnostics and therapeutics to measure and modulate this balance is of great interest. In th is Review, we focus on the predominant anti-inflammatory subset, regulatory T cells (Tregs), discussing key concepts including development, function, antigen specificity and lineage stability. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - July 26, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Bernard Khor Source Type: research
Use and future investigations of recombinant and plasma-derived coagulation and anticoagulant products in the neonate
While congenital bleeding disorders can manifest in the newborn period, the most common causes of bleeding and thrombosis in neonates are acquired conditions. Factor concentrates are used for specific diagnoses (hemophilia with inhibitors, specific factor deficiency, von Willebrand disease) and approved indications, and increasingly for off-label indications (bleeding in surgery cardiopulmonary bypass, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). We will review the approved indications for factor products in the neonate and discuss the evidence and rationale for off-label use of factor products in management of bleeding and throm...
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - July 21, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Rowena C. Punzalan, Jerome L. Gottschall Source Type: research
Neonatal Plasma Transfusion: An Evidence-Based Review
Several clinical scenarios for plasma transfusion are repeatedly identified in audits, including treatment of bleeding in association with laboratory evidence of coagulopathy, correction of disseminated intravascular coagulation, prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage, management of critically ill neonates (eg, during sepsis or as a volume expander), or correction of markers of prolonged coagulation in the absence of bleeding. The findings of at least one national audit of transfusion practice indicated that almost half of plasma transfusions are given to neonates with abnormal coagulation values with no evidence of act...
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - July 8, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Amy K. Keir, Simon J. Stanworth Source Type: research
Neonatal Plasma Transfusion: An Evidence-Based Review
Several clinical scenarios for plasma transfusion are repeatedly identified in audits, including treatment of bleeding in association with laboratory evidence of coagulopathy, correction of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), management of critically ill neonates (e.g. during sepsis or as a volume expander) or correction of markers of prolonged coagulation in the absence of bleeding. The findings of at least one national audit of transfusion practice indicated almost half of plasma transfusions are given to neonates with abnormal coagulation values with no evidenc...
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - July 8, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Amy K. Keir, Simon J. Stanworth Source Type: research
Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Hypogammaglobulinemia Secondary to Malignancy or Related Drug Therapy
Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) has an important role in minimizing infections and improving the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with immunodeficiency, who would otherwise experience recurrent infections. These plasma-derived products are available as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg). The global demand for these products is growing rapidly and has placed pressure on supply. Some malignancies and their treatment (as well as other medical therapies) can lead to secondary hypogammaglobulinemia or secondary immunodeficiency (SID) requiring IRT. (Source: Transfu...
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - July 3, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Tanja M. Windegger, Christine A. Lambooy, Leanne Hollis, Karen Morwood, Helen Weston, Yoke Lin Fung Source Type: research
Research Opportunities to Improve Neonatal Red Blood Cell Transfusion
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a common and lifesaving therapy for anemic neonates and infants, particularly among those born prematurely or undergoing surgery. However, evidence-based indications for when to administer RBCs and adverse effects of RBC transfusion on important outcomes including necrotizing enterocolitis, survival, and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment remain uncertain. In addition, blood-banking practices for preterm and term neonates and infants have been largely developed using studies from older children and adults. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - July 3, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Ravi Mangal Patel, Erin K. Meyer, John A. Widness Source Type: research
Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Hypogammaglobulinemia Secondary to Malignancy or Related Drug Therapy
Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) has an important role in minimizing infections and improving the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with immunodeficiency, who would otherwise experience recurrent infections. These plasma-derived products are available as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg). The global demand for these products is growing rapidly and has placed pressure on supply. Some malignancies and their treatment (as well as other medical therapies) can lead to secondary hypogammaglobulinemia or secondary immunodeficiency (SID) requiring IRT. (Source: Transfu...
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - July 3, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Tanja M. Windegger, Christine A. Lambooy, Leanne Hollis, Karen Morwood, Helen Weston, Yoke Lin Fung Source Type: research
Research Opportunities to Improve Neonatal Red Blood Cell Transfusion
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a common and lifesaving therapy for anemic neonates and infants, particularly among those born prematurely or undergoing surgery. However, evidence-based indications for when to administer RBCs and adverse effects of RBC transfusion on important outcomes including necrotizing enterocolitis, survival and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment remain uncertain. In addition, blood-banking practices for preterm and term neonates and infants have been largely developed using studies from older children and adults. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - July 3, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Ravi M. Patel, Erin K. Meyer, John A. Widness Source Type: research
Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin (SCIg) therapy for hypogammaglobulinaemia secondary to malignancy or related drug therapy
Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) has an important role in minimising infections and improving the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients with immunodeficiency, who would otherwise experience recurrent infections. These plasma derived products are available as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg). The global demand for these products is growing rapidly and has placed pressure on supply. Some malignancies and their treatment (as well as other medical therapies) can lead to secondary hypogammaglobulinaemia or secondary immunodeficiency (SID) requiring IRT. (Source: Transf...
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - July 3, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Tanja M. Windegger, Christine A. Lambooy, Leanne Hollis, Karen Morwood, Helen Weston, Yoke L. Fung Source Type: research
Top Abstracts from the Canadian Society for Transfusion Medicine Meeting, 2016
(Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - June 30, 2016 Category: Hematology Source Type: research
A Review of Interfacility Blood Transportation by Ambulance to a Regional Trauma Center
There are no published data on the fate of blood components (BC) sent with patients transferred from peripheral hospital emergency departments to regional trauma centers in Canada, unlike in the US or UK. Thus, our goals were to describe the fate of such BC and to highlight possible areas for utilization improvement. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - June 30, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Vito Sanci, Yulia Lin, Jeannie Callum Source Type: research
Selection and Characterization of a DNA Aptamer Inhibiting Coagulation Factor XIa
Introduction: Coagulation factor XI (FXI) is activated either by FXIIa of the contact pathway, or by thrombin; FXIa then activates FIX. Both humans and mice deficient in FXI appear to be protected from thrombosis, with only a mild to moderate bleeding tendency. FXI is therefore an attractive target for antithrombotic agent development. DNA aptamer libraries are large arrays of DNA molecules which inhibit targets by virtue of their unique shapes. Using a combinatorial DNA library and in vitro selection, we sought to isolate an aptamer binding specifically to the active site of FXIa. (Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews)
Source: Transfusion Medicine Reviews - June 30, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: David A. Donkor, Varsha Bhakta, William P. Sheffield Source Type: research
