Gene Expression in Placentas From Nondiabetic Women Giving Birth to Large for Gestational Age Infants
Gestational diabetes, obesity, and excessive weight gain are known independent risk factors for the birth of a large for gestational age (LGA) infant. However, only 1 of the 10 infants born LGA is born by mothers with diabetes or obesity. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare placental gene expression between healthy, nondiabetic mothers (n = 22) giving birth to LGA infants and body mass index-matched mothers (n = 24) giving birth to appropriate for gestational age infants. In the whole gene expression analysis, only 29 genes were found to be differently expressed in LGA placentas. Top upregulated genes include...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Ahlsson, F., Akerud, H., Schijven, D., Olivier, J., Sundstrom-Poromaa, I. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Drug Repositioning for Preeclampsia Therapeutics by In Vitro Screening: Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Vardenafil Restores Endothelial Dysfunction via Induction of Placental Growth Factor
We screened a library of 528 approved drugs to identify candidate compounds with therapeutic potential as preeclampsia treatments via their proangiogenic properties. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we assessed whether the screened drugs induced placental growth factor (PIGF) and restored damaged endothelial cell function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were carried out to measure levels of PlGF in conditioned media treated with each drug (100 µmol/L) in the drug library. Tube formation assays were performed using HUVECs to evaluate the angiogenic effects of drugs that induced PlGF....
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Kakigano, A., Tomimatsu, T., Mimura, K., Kanayama, T., Fujita, S., Minato, K., Kumasawa, K., Taniguchi, Y., Kanagawa, T., Endo, M., Ishihara, T., Namba, T., Mizushima, T., Kimura, T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Tubal Ligation Induces Quiescence in the Epithelia of the Fallopian Tube Fimbria
Tubal ligation keeps the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube intact while interrupting the conduit for sperm and egg between the uterus and ovary. Tubal ligation is associated with an approximately 20% decreased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, which mounting evidence suggests arise from the distal fallopian tube epithelium. We postulated that biological changes at the epithelial cellular level of the distal fallopian tube may account for the surgical procedure’s observed risk reduction. We compared the histology, presence of epithelial progenitors (basally located CD44-positive cells), and degree of epith...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Tiourin, E., Velasco, V. S., Rosales, M. A., Sullivan, P. S., Janzen, D. M., Memarzadeh, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Effects of Coculture With Immune Cells on the Developmental Competence of Mouse Preimplantation Embryos in Vitro and in Utero
The aim of this study was to establish a coculture system using immune cells as well as an in vitro model for inflammatory conditioning using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. The direct and indirect coculture systems were applied to evaluate the influence of embryo-to-cell direct or indirect secretory molecules from the cocultured cells. Blastulation rate in vitro (94.6% vs 76.9%, P < .05) and implantation rate in utero (43.3% vs 17.6%, P < .01) were significantly increased in direct coculture with activated RAW 264.7 cells compared to control. We also found the embryotrophic effects in vi...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lee, J., Kim, J., Kim, S. H., Kang, H.-G., Jun, J. H. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Notch Signaling Pathway Regulates Progesterone Secretion in Murine Luteal Cells
In conclusion, Notch signaling plays important role in regulating progesterone secretion in murine luteal cells. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wang, J., Liu, S., Peng, L., Dong, Q., Bao, R., Lv, Q., Tang, M., Hu, C., Li, G., Liang, S., Zhang, C. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
PGAM1 is Involved in Spermatogenic Dysfunction and Affects Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration
Conclusion:
PGAM1 correlates with spermatogenic distinction and affects the function of cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Zhang, S., Zhao, Y., Lei, B., Li, C., Mao, X. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Maternal Age and Contractility of Human Myometrium in Pregnancy
There is controversy as to whether maternal age exerts an influence on the contractility of human myometrium in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine a series of functional contractile parameters of human myometrium in vitro, over a broad range of maternal ages. Myometrial tissue specimens were obtained at cesarean delivery from 32 women with maternal ages ranging from 28 to 52 years. Using in vitro recordings, a number of contractile parameters including maximal amplitude, mean contractile force, time to maximal amplitude, maximum rate of rise, and occurrence of simple and complex (biphasic and multiphasic) cont...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Crankshaw, D. J., O'Brien, Y. M., Crosby, D. A., Morrison, J. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Adiposity Alters Genes Important in Inflammation and Cell Cycle Division in Human Cumulus Granulosa Cell
Conclusions:
Adiposity is associated with changes in the expression of genes important in cellular growth, cell cycle progression, and inflammation. The upregulation of the metabolic regulator gene PPM1L suggests that adiposity induces an abnormal metabolic follicular environment, potentially altering folliculogenesis and oocyte quality. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Merhi, Z., Polotsky, A. J., Bradford, A. P., Buyuk, E., Chosich, J., Phang, T., Jindal, S., Santoro, N. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Uric Acid Determination in Gestational Hypertension: Is it as Effective a Delineator of Risk as Proteinuria in High-Risk Women?
This study sought to determine if uric acid is as effective as proteinuria at identifying perinatal risk in high-risk women with gestational hypertension. Our results suggest that hyperuricemia is at least as accurate as proteinuria at identifying perinatal risk in high-risk women with gestational hypertension. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Schmella, M. J., Clifton, R. G., Althouse, A. D., Roberts, J. M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Expression of Myostatin in Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Preeclampsia Complicated Pregnancies and Alterations to Cytokine Production by First-Trimester Placental Explants Following Myostatin Treatment
Preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are major obstetric health problems. Higher levels of T-helper (Th) 1 (proinflammatory) cytokines have been observed in pregnancies complicated with PE and IUGR; this is in contrast to the predominant Th2 (anti-inflammatory) cytokine environment found in uncomplicated pregnancies. Myostatin is best known as a negative regulator of muscle development and reportedly has a role in fat deposition, glucose metabolism, and cytokine modulation (outside the placenta). Myostatin concentrations in plasma and protein expression in placental tissue are significantly higher i...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Peiris, H. N., Georgiou, H., Lappas, M., Kaitu'u-Lino, T., Salomon, C., Vaswani, K., Rice, G. E., Mitchell, M. D. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Cell-Free Fetal DNA, Telomeres, and the Spontaneous Onset of Parturition
This article reviews the biomedical literature regarding the increase in cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA), which is released during apoptosis in the placenta and fetal membranes at term, the ability of apoptosis modified vertebrate DNA to stimulate toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) leading to increased release of cytokines and chemokines, and the potential "fail-safe" role for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This article also reviews the literature supporting the key role that telomere loss plays in regard to increasing the ability of vertebrate (including placental) DNA to stimulate TLR9, and in regard to signaling the onset ...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Phillippe, M. Tags: Review Source Type: research
In the Spotlight
(Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - September 16, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Maduro, M. R. Tags: In the Spotlight Source Type: research
Inhibition of MAPK and VEGFR by Sorafenib Controls the Progression of Endometriosis
Conclusion:
Our data suggest that Sorafenib controls the growth of endometriotic lesions in vitro and in vivo. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - August 10, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Leconte, M., Santulli, P., Chouzenoux, S., Marcellin, L., Cerles, O., Chapron, C., Dousset, B., Batteux, F. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Metformin Suppresses Prostaglandin E2-Induced Cytochrome P450 Aromatase Gene Expression and Activity via Stimulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Human Endometriotic Stromal Cells
Conclusion:
Metformin could inhibit PGE2-induced CYP19A1 mRNA expression and aromatase activity via AMPK activation and inhibition of CREB to CYP19A1 PII in human ESCs. The results of the present study suggest that metformin may have unique therapeutic potential as an antiendometriotic drug in the future. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - August 10, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Zhou, Y., Xu, J.-N., Zeng, C., Li, X., Zhou, Y.-F., Qi, Y., Xue, Q. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Abundance and Localization of Progesterone Receptor Isoforms in Endometrium in Women With and Without Endometriosis and in Peritoneal and Ovarian Endometriotic Implants
Conclusions:
Endometriotic lesions and eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis are uniform in a PR-A-dominant state. The data suggest that menstrual efflux of a PR-A-dominant endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity may play a role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - August 10, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Bedaiwy, M. A., Dahoud, W., Skomorovska-Prokvolit, Y., Yi, L., Liu, J. H., Falcone, T., Hurd, W. W., Mesiano, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
