Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Metabolic and Clinical Effects
In conclusion, the use of the LNG-IUS for 6 months was not associated with relevant changes in clinical or metabolic variables of women with no comorbidities regardless of the presence of PCOS. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - June 14, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: da Silva, A. V., de Melo, A. S., Barboza, R. P., de Paula Martins, W., Ferriani, R. A., Vieira, C. S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Molecular Background of Estrogen Receptor Gene Expression in Endometriotic Cells
The objective of this study is to evaluate the molecular background of ERα and ERβ messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in endometriotic cells. The following summarizes our observations: (1) ERα mRNA expression in endometriotic cells was estimated to be approximately one-tenth of that in endometrial cells. (2) Three mRNAs, which include 3 different 5'-untranslated exons tagged to an open reading frame of wild-type ERα, were detected. (3) Expression of ERβ mRNA depends mostly on 0N promoter and includes 2 open reading frames: one for a wild-type ERβ1 and another for a splice variant ERβ2. (4...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - June 14, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Izawa, M., Taniguchi, F., Harada, T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Brain Injury and Inflammatory Response to Umbilical Cord Occlusions Is Limited With Worsening Acidosis in the Near-Term Ovine Fetus
We hypothesized that repetitive umbilical cord occlusions (UCOs) with worsening fetal acidemia will lead to an inflammatory response within the brain and thereby brain injury which will be exacerbated by chronic hypoxemia and low-grade infection. Chronically instrumented fetal sheep served as controls (N = 10) or underwent repeated UCOs for up to 4 hours or until arterial pH was <7.00. Normoxic-UCO (N = 9) and hypoxic-UCO (N = 5) fetuses had arterial O2 saturation pre-UCOs of >55% and <55%, respectively, whereas lipopolysaccharide (LPS) UCO fetuses (N = 6) received LPS intra-amniotic (2 mg/h) starting 1 hour pre-U...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - June 14, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Xu, A., Matushewski, B., Nygard, K., Hammond, R., Frasch, M. G., Richardson, B. S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
rhTNFR: Fc Suppresses the Development of Endometriosis in a Mouse Model by Downregulating Cell Proliferation and Invasiveness
In conclusion, rhTNFR: Fc suppresses hESC survival and invasiveness and decreases the fluorescence intensity and implant size in the mouse model of endometriosis. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - June 14, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Liu, Y., Sun, L., Hou, Z., Mao, Y., Cui, Y., Liu, J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Enhanced Expression of Contractile-Associated Proteins and Ion Channels in Preterm Delivery Model Mice With Chronic Odontogenic Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection
We examined the expression of the oxytocin receptor, connexin 43, prostaglandin F receptors, L-type Ca2+ channel, and P2X7 receptor in the myometrium at day 18 of gestation by real-time PCR and western blot analyses. We also measured TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the blood serum, placenta, fetal membrane and myometrium on the same day. mRNA expression of the oxytocin receptor, connexin 43, prostaglandin F receptors, L-type Ca2+ channel, and P2X7 receptor was elevated by 5.4, 3.2, 2.4, 2.5, and 1.7 fold, respectively, in the P.g-infected mice. Protein levels of the oxytocin receptor and connexin 43 also increased. Se...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - June 14, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Miyoshi, H., Konishi, H., Teraoka, Y., Urabe, S., Furusho, H., Miyauchi, M., Takata, T., Kudo, Y. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Why are We Waiting to Start Large Scale Clinical Testing of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin for the Treatment of Preterm Births?
Preterm births are an expensive global health problem. Despite the basic science and clinical research advances to better understand and prevent preterm births, the rates are increasing. There are several therapeutic options. While some options such as progestins work for selected women, others such as magnesium sulfate can only be used for delaying births for 24 to 48 hours so that the patients can be treated with corticosteroids to promote fetal lung maturity. Based on the scientific and clinical evidence, we recommend testing human chorionic gonadotropin in a large multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-cont...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - June 14, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Rao, C. V. Tags: Review Source Type: research
In the Spotlight
(Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - June 14, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Maduro, M. R. Tags: In the Spotlight Source Type: research
May Underdiagnosed Nutrition Imbalances Be Responsible for a Portion of So-Called Unexplained Infertility? From Diagnosis to Potential Treatment Options
The aim of the study was to investigate whether women affected by unexplained infertility may have undiagnosed dietary imbalances which negatively affect fertility. Secondarily, we investigated whether varying degrees of nutritional abnormalities may benefit from different periconceptional dietary supplementations, evaluating the most effective intervention in improving pregnancy rate after in vitro fertilization (IVF). We conducted a survey on 2 cohorts of patients (group A: unexplained infertility and group B: healthy first trimester spontaneous pregnancies) with the scope of investigating and comparing their dietary sta...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - May 10, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Noventa, M., Quaranta, M., Vitagliano, A., Cinthya, V., Valentini, R., Campagnaro, T., Marci, R., Paola, R. D., Alviggi, C., Gangemi, M., Saccardi, C., Nardelli, G. B., Gizzo, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Progressive Evaluation of Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Fresh Rat Ovarian Autografts Under Remote Ischemic Preconditioning
This study evaluated the remote ischemic preconditioning (R-IPC) early and late repercussion on fresh ovarian transplants, aiming to assess a probable protective effect in ovarian follicular pool. Sixty Wistar EPM-1 rats were used, divided in 2 study groups: ovarian transplantation (Tx) and Tx + R-IPC, submitted to ovary transplant with or without R-IPC, respectively. These groups were subdivided according to the date for euthanasia: 4th, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th days of the postoperatory period. Morphology, morphometry, neoangiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), proliferative activity (Ki-67), and apopt...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - May 10, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Damous, L. L., Silva, S. M. d., Carbonel, A. A. F., Simoes, M. d. J., Baracat, E. C., Montero, E. F. d. S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Use of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Combined With CA-125 to Distinguish Endometriomas From Other Benign Ovarian Cysts
Conclusions:
Although NLR is a simple and easily applicable marker, CA-125 is superior for differentiating endometriomas from other benign ovarian cysts. The combination of these 2 markers improves diagnostic accuracy. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - May 10, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Tokmak, A., Yildirim, G., Öztas, E., Akar, S., Erkenekli, K., Gülsen, P., Yilmaz, N., Ugur, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Peri-Implantation Hormonal Milieu: Elucidating Mechanisms of Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
While live births resulting from assisted reproductive technology (ART) exceed 1% of total births annually, the effect of ART on fetal development is not well understood. Data have demonstrated that IVF leads to alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression in the placenta that may have long-term effects on health and disease. Studies have linked adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes to ART, although human studies are inconclusive. In order to isolate the peri-implantation environment and its effects on brain development, we utilized a mouse model with and without superovulation and examined the effect of adult behavior...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - May 10, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Mainigi, M., Rosenzweig, J. M., Lei, J., Mensah, V., Thomaier, L., Talbot, C. C., Olalere, D., Ord, T., Rozzah, R., Johnston, M. V., Burd, I. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Vaginal Dinoprostone Versus Intravenous Oxytocin for Labor Induction in Patients Not Responsive to a First Dose of Dinoprostone: A Randomized Prospective Study
Conclusion:
A second dinoprostone vaginal insert is an effective and safe choice for patients with unfavorable cervix not responsive to a first 24 hours administration of dinoprostone for cervical ripening, and its use is associated with lower cesarean section rates. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - May 10, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Antonazzo, P., Laoreti, A., Personeni, C., Grossi, E., Martinelli, A., Cetin, I. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Effects of Lipopolysaccharide and Progesterone Exposures on Embryonic Cerebral Cortex Development in Mice
Our objective was to determine if progesterone pretreatment could ameliorate the detrimental effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on cortical neurogenesis. Timed pregnant mouse dams (n = 8) were given intraperitoneal injections of progesterone (42 mg/kg) or vehicle on embryonic day 17.5. Two hours later, mice were given intraperitoneal LPS (140 μg/kg) or vehicle. Mice were sacrificed 16 hours later on embryonic day 18. Two-color immunofluorescence was performed with primary antibodies T-box transcription factor 2 (Tbr2), ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), cleaved caspase 3 (CC3), and ...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - May 10, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Tronnes, A. A., Koschnitzky, J., Daza, R., Hitti, J., Ramirez, J. M., Hevner, R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Hyperandrogenism Decreases GRP78 Protein Level and Glucose Uptake in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells
Conclusion:
These results suggest that hyperandrogenemic PCOS environment could compromise the endometrial homeostasis confirmed by the decrease in glucose uptake induced by testosterone and exhibited by stromal cells. (Source: Reproductive Sciences)
Source: Reproductive Sciences - May 10, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Rosas, C., Orostica, L., Poblete, C., Carvajal, R., Gabler, F., Romero, C., Lavandero, S., Vega, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Usefulness of the Ultrasensitive Anti-Müllerian Hormone Assay for Predicting True Ovarian Reserve
Serum concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a useful marker for ovarian reserve. Measurement of AMH in clinical practice has gained widespread use to predict parameters such as the ovarian response, menopause, and recovery after chemotherapy. However, undetectable AMH levels assayed by conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits fail to predict depletion of follicles because of low sensitivity of the kits. We investigated whether a recently developed ultrasensitive ELISA kit, picoAMH, would be more effective at detecting very low AMH levels in association with menstrual status. We analyze...
Source: Reproductive Sciences - May 10, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Iwase, A., Osuka, S., Nakamura, T., Kato, N., Takikawa, S., Goto, M., Kikkawa, F. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
