Phospholipidomic Analysis Reveals Changes in Sphingomyelin and Lysophosphatidylcholine Profiles in Plasma from Patients with Neuroborreliosis
AbstractIn recent years, the number of patients suffering from Lyme Disease (LD) has significantly increased. The most dangerous manifestation of LD is neuroborreliosis associated with invasion of the central nervous system byBorrelia burgdorferi. Phospholipids (PL) and their metabolites are involved in inflammation, which plays a dominant, but still unclear, role in the pathogenesis of neuroborreliosis. We analyzed the plasma PL profiles of neuroborreliosis patients (n = 8) and healthy volunteers (n = 8) using a lipidomic approach. Significant increases in the lysophosphatidylcholines LysoPtdCho 16:0 and LysoPtdCho 18...
Source: Lipids - November 9, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
trans Fatty Acids in Colostrum, Mature Milk and Diet of Lactating Adolescents
In conclusion, the levels of TFA of industrial sources found in the mother ’s diet and breast milk (colostrum and mature milk) showed a decrease in relation to those observed in studies conducted prior to the TFA labeling resolution in Brazil. However, the current low intake levels of n-3 LCPUFA and DHA content in the milk of lactating adolescents may be insufficient for supporting adequate neurological development of the infants. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - November 8, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
CLA Has a Useful Effect on Bone Markers in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
This study was carried out in order to examine the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on bone markers in rheumatoid arthritis disease which is the most common autoimmune disease. The present study is a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Subjects included 52 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who were divided into two groups. Group I received standard treatment plus 2 daily 1.25  g capsules (Containing about 2 g of 9-cis 11-trans isomer and 10-cis 12-trans isomer in ratio of 50 −50 CLA in glycerinated form), Group II received standard treatment plus 2 Placebo 1.25 g capsules containing sunflower oil w...
Source: Lipids - November 3, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Metformin Reduces Lipogenesis Markers in Obese Mice Fed a Low-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diet
This study showed that metformin decreased adipocyte area, body weight and food consumption in obese animals when compared to the standard group. Furthermor e, the expression of lipogenic markers in adipose tissue were diminished in obese animals treated with metformin. This data showed that oral administration of metformin improved glucose and lipid metabolic parameters in white adipose tissue by reducing the expression of lipogenesis markers, suggesti ng an important clinical application of MET in treating obesity-related diseases in metabolic syndrome. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - October 31, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Identification of Polyketides in the Cuticular Waxes of Triticum aestivum cv. Bethlehem
AbstractCuticular waxes are complex mixtures consisting mostly of very-long-chain aliphatics with single, primary functional groups. However, the waxes of many plant species also include aliphatics with one or more functional groups residing on subterminal or mid-chain carbons. In the present work, the cuticular wax mixtures from flag leaf blades and peduncles ofTriticum aestivum cv. Bethlehem were analyzed in a search for novel wax constituents with in-chain functionalities, potentially of polyketide origin. The structures of compounds belonging to six different compound classes were elucidated using gas chromatography â€...
Source: Lipids - October 27, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Platelet-Activating Factor Quantification Using Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography and Selected Reaction Monitoring in Negative Ion Mode
This study elucidates a facile, accurate liquid chromatography –mass spectrometry analytical method for PAF. In negative ion mode using electrospray ionization, collisionally-activated dissociation analysis showed a unique product ion for acetate adducts of PAF molecular species representing the loss of methyl acetate from the polar head group and loss of a p art of the acetate group from thesn-2 position. This product ion was exploited for selected reaction monitoring of PAF molecular species following separation by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Standard calibration responses were determined, and this method was...
Source: Lipids - October 17, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Sesame Oil and Rice Bran Oil Ameliorates Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats: Distinguishing the Role of Minor Components and Fatty Acids
AbstractThough present in small amounts, the minor constituents of dietary oils may supplement the dietary therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Hence, in the present study, we assessed the effect of minor constituents from sesame oil (SO) and rice bran oil (RBO) and their fatty acids on the severity of adjuvant-induced arthritis in experimental rats. Rats were gavaged with 1 Â mL of SO or RBO or groundnut oil (GNO, control) with or without its minor components for a period 15Â days before and 15Â days after the induction of arthritis. Oxidative stress, markers of RA, eicosanoids, cytokines, paw swelling and joint integ...
Source: Lipids - October 16, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Dietary Arachidonic Acid Has a Time-Dependent Differential Impact on Adipogenesis Modulated via COX and LOX Pathways in Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus
In this study, we explored the function of arachidonic acid (ARA) in adipogenesis in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) usingin vivo andin vitro models. An 8-week feeding trial was performed using three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets: ARA-free, ARA, and ARA Â +Â acetylsalicylic acid [ASA, a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor]. Fish were sampled after 4 and 8Â weeks of feeding. Results showed that ARA-fed fish had a significantly lower intraperitoneal fat index (IPFI) and smaller adipocytes; these decreases were reversed by ASA after 8Â weeks of feeding. Ne vertheless, at week 4, the IPFI and adipocyte si...
Source: Lipids - October 16, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
New Role of Hispidulin in Lipid Metabolism: PPAR α Activator
In this study, the regulating role of hispidulin on the mRNA expression level of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism was examinedin vitro andin vivo. Moreover, thein vivo lipid-modulating effect of hispidulin was compared with that of fenofibrate, a classical PPAR α agonist. Our results in present study demonstrated that hispidulin can directly bind to and activate PPARα as an agonist and thus modulate the downstream lipid-metabolizing genes. Moreover, hispidulin could attenuate dyslipidemia in high fat diet induced dyslipidemia rat model. Although further studies are needed, this study provided evidence for the potenti...
Source: Lipids - October 14, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Stanniocalcin 1 Enhances Carbon Flux from Glucose to Lipids in White Retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue in the Fed Rat
In conclusion, hSTC-1 is one of the hormonal factors that control glucose metabolism in WRAT in the fed state. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - October 10, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Developing FT-NIR and PLS1 Methodology for Predicting Adulteration in Representative Varieties/Blends of Extra Virgin Olive Oils
AbstractIt was previously demonstrated that Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy and partial least squares (PLS1) were successfully used to assess whether an olive oil was extra virgin, and if adulterated, with which type of vegetable oil and by how much using previously developed PLS1 calibration models. This last prediction required an initial set of four PLS1 calibration models that were based on gravimetrically prepared mixtures of a specific variety of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) spiked with adulterants. The current study was undertaken after obtaining a range of EVOO varieties grown in different co...
Source: Lipids - September 26, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Assessment of Isoprostanes in Human Plasma: Technical Considerations and the Use of Mass Spectrometry
AbstractOxygenated lipid mediators released from non-enzymatic peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to have functional roles in humans. Notably, among these lipid mediators, isoprostanes molecules are robust biomarkers of oxidative stress but those from n-3 PUFA are also bioactive molecules. In order to identify and assess the isoprostanes, the use of mass spectrometry (MS) for analysis is preferable and has been used for over two decades. Gas chromatography (GC) is commonly coupled to the MS to separate the derivatized isoprostanes of interest in biological samples. In order to increase the accurac...
Source: Lipids - September 25, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Phytosterol Esterification is Markedly Decreased in Preterm Infants Receiving Routine Parenteral Nutrition
In conclusion, PHY were esterified to a lesser extent than CHO in all study groups; the esterification was markedly decreased in Preterm-PN compared to Adult-PN. The clinical consequences of these findings warrant further investigations. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - September 23, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Continuous Gradient Temperature Raman Spectroscopy of Oleic and Linoleic Acids from −100 to 50 °C
AbstractWe analyzed the unsaturated fatty acids oleic (OA, 18:1n-9) and linoleic (LA, 18:2n-3), and a 3:1 LA:OA mixture from −100 to 50 °C with continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy (GTRS). The 20 Mb three-dimensional data arrays with 0.2 °C increments and first/second derivatives allowed rapid, complete assignment of solid, liquid, and transition state vibrational modes. For OA, large spectral and lin e width changes occurred in the solid state γ to α transition near −4 °C, and the melt (13 °C) over a range of only 1 °C. For LA, major intensity reductions from 200 to 1750 cm−1 and some pea...
Source: Lipids - September 22, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Fatty Acid de Novo Synthesis in Adult Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Offspring, and Adult Male Response to a High Fat Diet
In conclusion, enhancement of male IUGR SC fatde novo synthesis appears to be an early consequence of metabolic programming, whereas enhancement in visceral fat appears to be a later consequence. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - September 21, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
