Fish Oil and Microalga Omega-3 as Dietary Supplements: A Comparative Study on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in High-Fat Fed Rats
AbstractDietary supplementation with marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) can have beneficial effects on a number of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We compared the effects of two n-3 PUFA rich food supplements (freeze-driedOdontella aurita and fish oil) on risk factors for CVD. Male rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each and fed with the following diets: control group (C) received a standard diet containing 7 % lipids; second group (HF high fat) was fed with a high-fat diet containing 40 % lipids; third group (HFFO high fat+fish oil) was fed with the high-fat die...
Source: Lipids - August 8, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Rapid Quantification of Low-Viscosity Acetyl-Triacylglycerols Using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
AbstractAcetyl-triacylglycerols (acetyl-TAG) possess ansn-3 acetate group, which confers useful chemical and physical properties to these unusual triacylglycerols (TAG). Current methods for quantification of acetyl-TAG are time consuming and do not provide any information on the molecular species profile. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI –MS)-based methods can overcome these drawbacks. However, the ESI–MS signal intensity for TAG depends on the aliphatic chain length and unsaturation index of the molecule. Therefore response factors for different molecular species need to be determined before any quantifi...
Source: Lipids - August 5, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Determination of Double Bond Positions and Geometry of Methyl Linoleate Isomers with Dimethyl Disulfide Adducts by GC/MS
AbstractThe dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) adduct method is one of the convenient and effective methods for determining double bond positions of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) except conjugated FAME. When analyzed using gas chromatography/electron ionization-mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS), unsaturated FAME with DMDS added to the double bonds yields high intensity MS spectra of characteristic ions. The MS spectra of characteristic ions can then be used to easily confirm double bond positions. Here we explore the GC/EI-MS analysis of the DMDS adducts of methyl linoleate geometrical isomers isolated by high performance ...
Source: Lipids - August 3, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Cloning and Characterization of Lxr and Srebp1, and Their Potential Roles in Regulation of LC-PUFA Biosynthesis in Rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Rabbitfish < em class= " a-plus-plus " > Siganus canaliculatus < /em > was the first marine teleost demonstrated to have the ability to biosynthesize C < sub class= " a-plus-plus " > 20 –22 < /sub > long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) from C < sub class= " a-plus-plus " > 18 < /sub > PUFA precursors, which is generally absent or low in marine teleosts. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in rabbitfish will contribute to efforts aimed at optimizing LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts, especially marine speci...
Source: Lipids - July 26, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Female Mice are Resistant to Fabp1 Gene Ablation-Induced Alterations in Brain Endocannabinoid Levels
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Although liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1, L-FABP) is not detectable in the brain, < em class= " a-plus-plus " > Fabp1 < /em > gene ablation (LKO) markedly increases endocannabinoids (EC) in brains of male mice. Since the brain EC system of females differs significantly from that of males, it was important to determine if LKO differently impacted the brain EC system. LKO did not alter brain levels of arachidonic acid (ARA)-containing EC, i.e. arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), but decreased non-ARA-containing ...
Source: Lipids - July 22, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Traumatic Acid Reduces Oxidative Stress and Enhances Collagen Biosynthesis in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts
Abstract
Traumatic acid (TA) is a plant hormone (cytokinin) that in terms of chemical structure belongs to the group of fatty acids derivatives. It was isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris. TA activity and its influence on human cells and organism has not previously been the subject of research. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of TA on collagen content and basic oxidative stress parameters, such as antioxidative enzyme activity, reduced glutathione, thiol group content, and lipid peroxidation in physiological conditions. The results show a stimulatory effect of TA on tested parameters. TA cau...
Source: Lipids - July 15, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
4-Methylzymosterone and Other Intermediates of Sterol Biosynthesis from Yeast Mutants Engineered in the ERG27 Gene Encoding 3-Ketosteroid Reductase
Abstract
Studies in the post-squalene section of sterol biosynthesis may be hampered by the poor availability of authentic standards. The present study used different yeast strains engineered in 3-ketosteroid reductase (Erg27p) to obtain radioactive and non-radioactive intermediates of sterol biosynthesis hardly or not available commercially. Non-radioactive 3-keto 4-monomethyl sterones were purified from non-saponifiable lipids extracted from cells bearing point-mutated 3-ketosteroid reductase. Two strategies were adopted to prepare the radioactive compounds: (1) incubation of cell homogenates of an ERG2...
Source: Lipids - July 14, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Measurement of Ether Phospholipids in Human Plasma with HPLC –ELSD and LC/ESI–MS After Hydrolysis of Plasma with Phospholipase A 1
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Ethanolamine ether phospholipid (eEtnGpl) and choline ether phospholipid (eChoGpl) are present in human plasma or serum, but the relative concentration of the ether phospholipids in plasma is very low as compared to those in other tissues. Nowadays, measurement of ether phospholipids in plasma depends on tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), but a system for LC/MS/MS is generally too expensive for usual clinical laboratories. Treatment of plasma with phospholipase A < sub class= " a-plus-plus " > 1 < /sub > (PLA1) causes complete hydrolysis of diac...
Source: Lipids - July 6, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Measurement of Ether Phospholipids in Human Plasma with HPLC–ELSD and LC/ESI–MS After Hydrolysis of Plasma with Phospholipase A 1
Abstract
Ethanolamine ether phospholipid (eEtnGpl) and choline ether phospholipid (eChoGpl) are present in human plasma or serum, but the relative concentration of the ether phospholipids in plasma is very low as compared to those in other tissues. Nowadays, measurement of ether phospholipids in plasma depends on tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), but a system for LC/MS/MS is generally too expensive for usual clinical laboratories. Treatment of plasma with phospholipase A1 (PLA1) causes complete hydrolysis of diacylphospholipids, but ether phospholipids remain intact. After the treatment of plasma with ...
Source: Lipids - July 6, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Neuroprotective Fatty Acids from the Stem Bark of Sorbus commixta
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the bark from the stems of Sorbus commixta led to the isolation and characterization of a new fatty acid, sorcomic acid (1), along with nine known analogues (2–10). The structure of the new compound (1) was determined through NMR (1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), MS, and specific optical rotation. The known compounds (2–10) were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those in the literature. The biological activities of all the isolated compounds (1–10) were evaluated: compounds 1, 5, and 7 potently induced NGF secretion from C6 gliom...
Source: Lipids - July 6, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Abnormalities in the Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols in the Liver of the Goto-Kakizaki Rat: A Model for Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetes
Abstract
The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is widely used as an animal model for spontaneous-onset type 2 diabetes without obesity; nevertheless, little information is available on the metabolism of fatty acids and triacylglycerols (TAG) in their livers. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the alterations in the metabolism of fatty acids and TAG in their livers, in comparison with Zucker (fa/fa) rats, which are obese and insulin resistant. Lipid profiles, the expression of genes for enzymes and proteins related to the metabolism of fatty acid and TAG, de novo synthesis of fatty acids and TAG in vivo, fatty...
Source: Lipids - July 1, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Improved Butanol –Methanol (BUME) Method by Replacing Acetic Acid for Lipid Extraction of Biological Samples
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Extraction of lipids from biological samples is a critical step in lipidomics, especially for shotgun lipidomics where lipid extracts are directly infused into a mass spectrometer. The butanol –methanol (BUME) extraction method was originally developed to extract lipids from plasma samples with 1 % acetic acid. Considering some lipids are sensitive to acidic environments, we modified this protocol by replacing acetic acid with lithium chloride solution and extended the modified extract ion to tissue samples. Although no significant reduction of ...
Source: Lipids - June 30, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Free Fatty Acids Increase Intracellular Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress by Modulating PPAR α and SREBP-1c in L-02 Cells
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Excessive fat accumulation and increased oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms underlying the development of steatosis are not entirely understood. The present study was undertaken to establish an experimental model of hepatocellular steatosis with a fat overaccumulation profile in which the effects of oxidative stress could be studied in L-02 cells. We investigated the effects of free fatty acids (FFA) (palmitate:oleate, 1:2) on lipid accumulation and oxidative stress a...
Source: Lipids - June 30, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
4-Hydroxyderricin, as a PPAR γ Agonist, Promotes Adipogenesis, Adiponectin Secretion, and Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Cells
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Adipocyte differentiation plays a pivotal role in maintaining the production of small-size adipocytes with insulin sensitivity, and impaired adipogenesis is implicated in insulin resistance. 4-Hydroxyderricin (4-HD), a phytochemical component of < em class= " a-plus-plus " > Angelica keiskei < /em > , possesses diverse biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 4-HD on adipocyte differentiation. 4-HD promoted lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, upregulated both ...
Source: Lipids - June 30, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Nitro-Oleic Acid Reduces J774A.1 Macrophage Oxidative Status and Triglyceride Mass: Involvement of Paraoxonase2 and Triglyceride Metabolizing Enzymes
This study compared the effects of nitro-oleic acid (OLA-NO2) with those of native oleic acid (OLA) on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, anti-oxidants and metabolism of triglycerides and cholesterol in J774A.1 macrophages. Upon incubating the cells with physiological concentrations of OLA-NO2 (0–1 µM) or with equivalent levels of OLA, ROS levels measured by 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, decreased dose-dependently, but the anti-oxidative effects of OLA-NO2 were significantly augmented. Copper ion addition increased ROS generation in OLA treated macrophages without affecting OLA-NO2 treated ce...
Source: Lipids - June 24, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
