Lipid Emulsions Containing Medium Chain Triacylglycerols Blunt Bradykinin-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Porcine Coronary Artery Rings
AbstractLipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition are used to provide calories and essential fatty acids for patients. They have been associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic stress, which may promote the development of endothelial dysfunction in patients. The aim of the present study was to determine whether five different industrial lipid emulsions may affect the endothelial function of coronary arteries. Porcine coronary artery rings were incubated with lipid emulsions 0.5, 1, or 2% (v/v) for 30 min before the determination of vascular reactivity in organ chambers and the level of oxida...
Source: Lipids - January 1, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profile is Altered in Both Septic and Non-Septic Critically Ill: A Correlation with Inflammatory Markers and Albumin
In conclusion, the changes in plasma lipid FA profile relate to the intensity of inflammatory and peroxidative response regardless of insult etiology. The lower MUFA and higher n-6 PUFA proportions in PPL were inversely correlated with cholesterol and albumin levels. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - December 29, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
TGF- β Down-regulates Apolipoprotein M Expression through the TAK-1-JNK-c-Jun Pathway in HepG2 Cells
AbstractApolipoprotein M (apoM) is a relatively novel apolipoprotein that plays pivotal roles in many dyslipidemia-associated diseases; however, its regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Many cytokines have been identified that down-regulate apoM expression in HepG2 cells, among which transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) exerts the most potent effects. In addition, c-Jun, a member of the activated protein 1 (AP-1) family whose activity is modulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), decreases apoM expression at the transcriptional level by binding to the regulatory element in the proximal apoM promoter. I n this s...
Source: Lipids - December 29, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Eicosapentaenoic Acid-Enriched Phosphatidylcholine Attenuated Hepatic Steatosis Through Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Disturbed cholesterol metabolism plays a crucial role in the development of NAFLD. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of EPA-PC extracted from sea cucumber on liver steatosis and cholesterol metabolism in NAFLD. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups (normal control group, model group, lovastatin group, low- and high-dose EPA groups, and low- and high-dose EPA-PC groups). Model rats were established by administering a diet containing 1% orotic acid. To determine the possible cholest...
Source: Lipids - December 23, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Serum n-3 Tetracosapentaenoic Acid and Tetracosahexaenoic Acid Increase Following Higher Dietary α-Linolenic Acid but not Docosahexaenoic Acid
In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that increases in dietary ALA but not DHA increase serum TPAn-3 and THA i n rats, suggesting that both fatty acids are precursors to DHA in the biosynthetic pathway. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - December 21, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Fall Composition of Storage Lipids is Associated with the Overwintering Strategy of Daphnia
This study was aimed at evaluating whether the composition of storage lipids in the fall differs between diapausing and active overwinteringDaphnia. We assessed the quantity of storage lipids and fatty acid (FA) composition ofDaphnia species, along with FA content of seston, in six boreal, alpine and subarctic lakes at the onset of winter, and evaluated the association between storage lipids andDaphnia overwintering strategy. We found that active overwinteringDaphnia had>55% body fat and the highest FA concentrations. Polyunsaturated FA, especially stearidonic acid (18:4n-3; SDA) and high ratios of n-3:n-6, were prefere...
Source: Lipids - December 14, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
l -Carnitine/Simvastatin Reduces Lipoprotein (a) Levels Compared with Simvastatin Monotherapy: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
AbstractLipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There are currently limited therapeutic options to lower Lp(a) levels.l-Carnitine has been reported to reduce Lp(a) levels. The aim of this study was to compare the effect ofl-carnitine/simvastatin co-administration with that of simvastatin monotherapy on Lp(a) levels in subjects with mixed hyperlipidemia and elevated Lp(a) concentration. Subjects with levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >160 mg/dL, triacylglycerol (TAG) >150 mg/dL and Lp(a) >20 mg/dL were included in this study. Subjects were rand...
Source: Lipids - December 1, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Identification of Oxidized Phosphatidylinositols Present in OxLDL and Human Atherosclerotic Plaque
AbstractOxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) plays an important role in initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Proatherogenic effects of OxLDL have been attributed to bioactive phospholipids generated during LDL oxidation. It is unknown what effect oxidation has on the phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) molecules in LDL, even though PtdIns is 6% of the total LDL phospholipid pool. We sought to identify and quantitate oxidized phosphatidylinositol (OxPtdIns) species in OxLDL and human atherosclerotic plaque. Bovine liver PtdIns was subjected to non-enzymatic and lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation. Reversed-phase liquid...
Source: Lipids - December 1, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Inhibition of Mevalonate Pathway and Synthesis of the Storage Lipids in Human Liver-Derived and Non-liver Cell Lines by Lippia alba Essential Oils
AbstractThe essential oils (EOs) ofLippia alba, an herb extensively used as a folk medicine in Latin America, are today promoted as an effective means of eliminating problems caused by hyperlipemia. We hypothesized thatL.alba EOs inhibited cholesterol and triacylglycerols synthesis and decreased the intracellular depots of those lipids (lipid droplets), mechanisms involving the induction of a hypolipidemic response. Our aim was, therefore, to evaluate the hypolipogenic capability of the EOs of fourL. alba chemotypes on liver-derived (HepG2) and non-liver (A549) human cell lines and to identify the potential biochemical tar...
Source: Lipids - November 29, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Metabolism of sn -1(3)-Monoacylglycerol and sn -2-Monoacylglycerol in Caecal Enterocytes and Hepatocytes of Brown Trout ( Salmo trutta )
Abstractsn-2-Monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) andsn-1(3)-monoacylglycerol [1(3)-MAG] are important but yet little studied intermediates in lipid metabolism. The current study compared the metabolic fate of 2-MAG and 1(3)-MAG in isolated caecal enterocytes and hepatocytes of brown trout (Salmo trutta). 1(3)-Oleoyl [9,10-3H(N)]-glycerol and 2-Oleoyl [9,10-3H(N)]-glycerol were prepared by pancreatic lipase digestion of triolein [9,10-3H(N)]. The 1(3)-MAG and 2-MAG were efficiently absorbed by enterocytes and hepatocytes at similar rates. The 2-MAG was quickly resynthesized into TAG through the monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC: 2....
Source: Lipids - November 20, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Fatty Acids from a Glass Sponge Aulosaccus sp. Occurrence of New Cyclopropane-Containing and Methyl-Branched Acids
AbstractIn order to identify new structures, the free fatty acids from an extract of a glass spongeAulosaccus sp. (from the north-west Pacific) belonging to one of the least chemically investigated classes (Hexactinellida), were fractionated by RP-HPLC and analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and GC –MS of their pyrrolidine derivatives, methyl(ethyl) esters and their dimethyl disulfide adducts. One hundred and twenty-three C12–C31 acids (including nine new compounds) were detected, one hundred and ten of these compounds have not been found previously in glass sponges. The levels of common methylene-interrupted polyenes, monoen...
Source: Lipids - November 17, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Serum Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 is Increased in Patients with Psoriasis
AbstractPsoriasis is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP) have been recognized as predictors of these systemic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess correlations between levels of serum heart and adipocyte fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP3, FABP4) and disease severity, indicators of inflammation or metabolic disturbances, and topical treatment in psoriatic patients. Thirty-seven patients with relapse of plaque-type psoriasis and 16 healthy volunteers were recruited. Blood samples were collected before and after 14 days of therapy. Serum FABP concentra...
Source: Lipids - November 17, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipid Rafts Promote trans Fatty Acid-Induced Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
AbstractThe effects of two fatty acids, oleic acid (OLA) and elaidic acid (ELA) on normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and non-rafts HUVEC were investigated in this study. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and IL-6) were analyzed. Western blot was used to analyze the expression levels of inflammatio n-related proteins (NF-κB, ERK1/2) and toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4). The results showed that the levels of nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 were significantly decreased only in non-lipid rafts cells pretreated withtrans fatty acid (TFA). The expres...
Source: Lipids - November 15, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Non-conjugated cis / trans 18:2 in Beef Fat are Mainly Δ-9 Desaturation Products of trans -18:1 Isomers
AbstractHuman liver cells (HepG2) were cultured with individualtrans (t) 18:1 includingt6-,t12-,t13-,t14-,t15- andt16-18:1, and retention times of their Δ-9 desaturation products were determined using 100-m biscyanopropyl-polysiloxane and SLB-IL111 columns. Corresponding peaks were found in beef adipose tissues known to have different delta-9 desaturase activities. Further lines of evidence indicating the presence of Δ-9 desaturation products oft-18:1 isomers in beef fat were developed by analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) fractionated using Ag+-TLC, and by GC/MS. Some of the Δ-9 desaturation products oft-18:1 ...
Source: Lipids - November 15, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Hepatic BSCL2 (Seipin) Deficiency Disrupts Lipid Droplet Homeostasis and Increases Lipid Metabolism via SCD1 Activity
In conclusion, our results suggest that a hepaticBSCL2/Bscl2 deficiency induces the increase and expansion of LD, potentially via increased SCD1 activity. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - November 11, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
