Novel Very Long-Chain α-Methoxylated Δ5,9 Fatty Acids from the Sponge Asteropus niger Are Effective Inhibitors of Topoisomerases IB
Abstract
The novel fatty acids (2R,5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-25-methyl-5,9-hexacosadienoic acid (1a) and (2R,5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-24-methyl-5,9-hexacosadienoic acid (1b) were isolated in 80 % purity from the Caribbean sponge Asteropus niger by chloroform/methanol extraction followed by solvent partitioning and silica gel column chromatography. The compounds were characterized by utilizing a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and circular dichroism. Acids 1a and 1b were not detected in the phospholipids (PtdCho and PtdIns) of the sponge, but rather as free FA and possibly ...
Source: Lipids - December 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
A High-Fat, High-Oleic Diet, But Not a High-Fat, Saturated Diet, Reduces Hepatic α-Linolenic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Content in Mice
Abstract
Considerable research has focused upon the role of linoleic acid (LNA; 18:2n-6) as a competitive inhibitor of α-linolenic (ALA; 18:3n-3) metabolism; however, little data exist as to the impact of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) on ALA metabolism. We tested the hypothesis that a high SFA diet, compared to a high MUFA (oleic acid 18:1n-9) diet, reduces ALA conversion to long chain n-3 fatty acids. Mice were fed for 12 weeks on three diets: (1) a control, 16 % fat energy diet consisting of similar levels of SFA and MUFA (2) a 50 % fat energy high MUFA energy di...
Source: Lipids - December 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Analysis of Molecular Species Profiles of Ceramide-1-phosphate and Sphingomyelin Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Abstract
Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) is a potential signaling molecule that modulates various cellular functions in animals. It has been known that C1P with different N-acyl lengths induce biological responses differently. However, molecular species profiles of the C1P in animal tissues have not been extensively examined yet. Here, we developed a method for determination of the molecular species of a C1P using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with Phos-tag, a phosphate capture molecule. The amounts of total C1P in skin, brain, liver, kidney and small intestine of...
Source: Lipids - December 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Enhanced Bioavailability of EPA From Emulsified Fish Oil Preparations Versus Capsular Triacylglycerol
Abstract
For those individuals who are unable to consume adequate long chain omega-3 fatty acids (LCn3) from dietary sources, fish oil supplementation is an attractive alternative Pre-emulsified fish oil supplements, an alternative to capsular triacylglycerol, may enhance the uptake of LCn3 fatty acids it contains. A randomized, Latin-square crossover design was used to compare the effects of four fish oil supplement preparations (Emulsions S, B and N) on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations in ten healthy volunteers compared to oil capsules over 48 h after a single dose and chylomicron fatty ac...
Source: Lipids - December 21, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Plant Cytosolic Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins
Abstract
A gene family encoding six members of acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBP) exists in Arabidopsis and they are designated as AtACBP1–AtACBP6. They have been observed to play pivotal roles in plant lipid metabolism, consistent to the abilities of recombinant AtACBP in binding different medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters in vitro. While AtACBP1 and AtACBP2 are membrane-associated proteins with ankyrin repeats and AtACBP3 contains a signaling peptide for targeting to the apoplast, AtACBP4, AtACBP5 and AtACBP6 represent the cytosolic forms in the AtACBP family. They were verified to be subcellularly...
Source: Lipids - December 12, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
An Unprecedented Occurrence of Δ5,9- and Δ9,15-Dienoic Fatty Acids in Ovaries of the Archaeogastropod Limpet Cellana toreuma
Abstract
A detailed structural diversity of dienoic fatty acids (FA), including non-methylene-interrupted dienoic FA, of triacylglycerols and polar lipids in ovaries of Cellana toreuma was clarified for the first time by using capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of their 3-pyridylcarbinol esters and argentation thin-layer chromatography. Interestingly, in addition to 5,9-octadecadienoic (18:2Δ5,9), 5,9-eicosadienoic (20:2Δ5,9), 5,9-heneicosadienoic (21:2Δ5,9), 5,9-docosadienoic (22:2Δ5,9), 5,9-tricosadienoic (23:2Δ5,9), and 5,9-tetracosadienoic (24:2Δ5,9) acids, previously identified i...
Source: Lipids - December 12, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The Simulacrum System as a Construct for Mass Spectrometry of Triacylglycerols and Others
Abstract
A construct called a simulacrum is defined that provides all possible solutions to a sum of two mass spectral abundances, based on values (abundances) or ratios of those values. The defined construct is applied to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS) of triacylglycerols (TAG). A simulacrum has precisely defined components, specifically a simulacrum sum, four Possibilities to Observe, two Cases, and eight solutions. A simulacrum with no restrictions is the First General Form of a Simulacrum. When one value is specified to be 1 (as in MS), the construct is called a Unit S...
Source: Lipids - December 11, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevented Adipocyte Hypertrophy by Downregulating DGAT - 2 and FABP - 4 in a Sex-Dependent Fashion
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an increase in fat mass primarily as a result of adipocyte hypertrophy. Diets enriched in omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are suggested to reduce obesity, however, the mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the effect of n-3 PUFA on adipocyte hypertrophy and the key genes involved in adipocyte hypertrophy. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed semi-purified diets (20 % w/w fat) containing high n-3 PUFA before mating, during pregnancy, and until weaning. Male and female offspring were continued on high n-3 PUFA (10 % w/w), medium n-3 PUFA (4 % w/w)...
Source: Lipids - December 11, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The Lipidomic Analyses in Low and Highly Aggressive Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines
Abstract
Despite huge advances in the research of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), it remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Peritoneal tumor cell dissemination with cell survival and drug-resistance to taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy are two of the major challenges of EOC treatment. We have generated highly aggressive EOC cell lines (ID8-P1 lines or P1) from ID8-P0 (without in vivo passage, or P0) through in vivo passage in mice. We conducted lipidomic analyses in cells from ID8-P0 versus three ID8-P1 cell lines using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ...
Source: Lipids - December 10, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
High-Fat Diets Containing Different Amounts of n3 and n6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Mice
In conclusion, fish oil may be beneficial in improving insulin sensitivity by upregulation of adiponectin and downregulation of leptin production; n3 and n6 PUFA do not play a role at the dietary levels tested in reducing adiposity and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (leptin, PAI-1, MCP-1 and resistin) and anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - December 8, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Possible Role of Different Yeast and Plant Lysophospholipid:Acyl-CoA Acyltransferases (LPLATs) in Acyl Remodelling of Phospholipids
Abstract
Recent results have suggested that plant lysophosphatidylcholine:acyl-coenzyme A acyltransferases (LPCATs) can operate in reverse in vivo and thereby catalyse an acyl exchange between the acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) pool and the phosphatidylcholine. We have investigated the abilities of Arabidopsis AtLPCAT2, Arabidopsis lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase (LPEAT2), S. cerevisiae lysophospholipid acyltransferase (Ale1) and S. cerevisiae lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (SLC1) to acylate lysoPtdCho, lysoPtdEtn and lysoPtdOH and act reversibly on the products of the acylation; the PtdCho, Pt...
Source: Lipids - December 7, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Reduced Maternal Erythrocyte Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Exist in Early Pregnancy in Preeclampsia
Abstract
The present prospective study examines proportions of maternal erythrocyte fatty acids across gestation and their association with cord erythrocyte fatty acids in normotensive control (NC) and preeclamptic pregnancies. We hypothesize that maternal fatty acid status in early pregnancy influences fetal fatty acid stores in preeclampsia. 137 NC women and 58 women with preeclampsia were included in this study. Maternal blood was collected at 3 time points during pregnancy (16–20th weeks, 26–30th weeks and at delivery). Cord blood was collected at delivery. Fatty acids were analyzed using gas ch...
Source: Lipids - December 1, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Soy Protein Alleviates Hypertension and Fish Oil Improves Diastolic Heart Function in the Han:SPRD- Cy Rat Model of Cystic Kidney Disease
Abstract
Abnormalities in cardiac structure and function are very common among people with chronic kidney disease, in whom cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death. Dietary soy protein and fish oil reduce kidney disease progression in the Han:SPRD-Cy model of cystic renal disease. However, the effects of these dietary interventions in preventing alterations in cardiac structure and function due to kidney disease (reno-cardiac syndrome) in a cystic kidney disease model are not known. Therefore, weanling Han:SPRD-Cy diseased (Cy/+) and normal (+/+) rats were given diets containing either casein or...
Source: Lipids - December 1, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Docosahexaenoic Acid Attenuates Cardiovascular Risk Factors via a Decline in Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Plasma Levels
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a circulating protein that regulates cholesterol metabolism by promoting LDL receptor degradation in the liver and has recently been proposed as a therapeutic target in the management of hyperlipidaemia. We investigated the impact of dietary fat on the metabolism of sterols and on plasma PCSK9 concentrations to explore likely clinical usefulness. In a post hoc analysis of a double-blind randomised crossover controlled feeding trial, the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT), volunteers (n = 54) with at least one condition rela...
Source: Lipids - November 30, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Revisiting Human Cholesterol Synthesis and Absorption: The Reciprocity Paradigm and its Key Regulators
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cholesterol homeostasis in the body is governed by the interplay between absorption, synthesis, and excretion or conversion of cholesterol into bile acids. A reciprocal relationship between cholesterol synthesis and absorption is known to regulate circulating cholesterol in response to dietary or therapeutic interventions. However, the degree to which these factors affect synthesis and absorption and the extent to which one vector shifts in response to the other are not thoroughly understood. Also, huge inter-individua...
Source: Lipids - November 30, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
