Fatty Acid Composition of Tropical Fish Depends on Reservoir Trophic Status and Fish Feeding Habit
AbstractEutrophication results in a deficiency of n-3 LC-PUFA (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) in aquatic food chains, affecting fish nutrition and physiology. The trophic transfer of FA (fatty acids) to fish species of different feeding habits was investigated in two reservoirs in southeast Brazil —the mesotrophic Ponte Nova Reservoir (PN) and the hypereutrophic Billings Reservoir (Bil). Total FA profile of stomach contents and adipose tissue, triacylglycerols (TAG), and phospholipids (PL) from liver and muscle of the omnivorousAstyanax fasciatus and the carnivorousHoplias malabaricus were analyzed by gas chroma...
Source: Lipids - September 7, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Protective Role of PPARdelta in Lipoapoptosis of Pancreatic β Cells
In this study, we investigated the effect of activation of PPARdelta on palmitate-induced β cell apoptosis, and we explored the potential mechanism of the antiapoptotic eff ect. The cell apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation analysis and Hoechst 33342 staining. The expressing of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in INS-1 cells was assessed by Western blotting, quantification of PCR, and was further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. The potential of PPARdelta to interact with homologous PPRE in the GLP-1R gene was determined by Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Our results showed that exposure o...
Source: Lipids - September 7, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Wax Ester Rich Oil From The Marine Crustacean, Calanus finmarchicus , is a Bioavailable Source of EPA and DHA for Human Consumption
AbstractOil from the marine copepod,Calanus finmarchicus, which contains>86 % of fatty acids present as wax esters, is a novel source of n-3 fatty acids for human consumption. In a randomized, two-period crossover study, 18 healthy adults consumed 8 capsules providing 4 g of Calanus® Oil supplying a total of 260 mg EPA and 156 mg DHA primarily as wax esters, or 1 capsule of Lovaza® providing 465 mg EPA and 375 mg DHA as ethyl esters, each with an EPA- and DHA-free breakfast. Plasma EPA and DHA were measured over a 72 h period (t = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). The positive incremental area und...
Source: Lipids - September 6, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Acute β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl Butyrate Suppresses Regulators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Lipid Oxidation While Increasing Lipid Content in Myotubes
AbstractLeucine modulates synthetic and degradative pathways in muscle, possibly providing metabolic benefits for both athletes and diseased populations. Leucine has become popular among athletes for improving performance and body composition, however little is known about the metabolic effects of the commonly consumed leucine-derived metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB). Our work measured the effects of HMB on metabolic protein expression, mitochondrial content and metabolism, as well as lipid content in skeletal muscle cells. Specifically, cultured C2C12 myotubes were treated with either a control or HMB rangin...
Source: Lipids - September 5, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Trans 10, cis 15 18:2 Isolated from Beef Fat Does Not Have the Same Anti-Adipogenic Properties as Trans 10, cis 12 –18:2 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
AbstractDuring ruminal biohydrogenation of α-linolenic acid, a non-conjugated non-methylene interrupted dienoic acid is formed containing at10 double bond, namelyt10,c15 –18:2. The present study was designed to examine whethert10,c15 –18:2 would exert similar anti-adipogenic effects compared tot10,c12 –18:2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 35 or 70 µM of LNA,t10,c12 –18:2,t10,c15 –18:2, or bovine serum albumin (BSA) vehicle control for 120 h. Cellular triacylglycerol and protein were quantified using commercial colorimetric kits. Cells were analyzed for fatty acid compo...
Source: Lipids - September 2, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Replacement of Marine Fish Oil with de novo Omega-3 Oils from Transgenic Camelina sativa in Feeds for Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata L.)
AbstractOmega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are essential components of the diet of all vertebrates. The major dietary source of n-3 LC-PUFA for humans has been fish and seafood but, paradoxically, farmed fish are also reliant on marine fisheries for fish meal and fish oil (FO), traditionally major ingredients of aquafeeds. Currently, the only sustainable alternatives to FO are vegetable oils, which are rich in C18 PUFA, but devoid of the eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) abundant in FO. Two new n-3 LC-PUFA sources obtained from genetically modified (GM)Camelina sativa contai...
Source: Lipids - September 1, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Perilla Oil Reduces Fatty Streak Formation at Aortic Sinus via Attenuation of Plasma Lipids and Regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase in ApoE KO Mice
In this study, antiatherogenic effects and related mechanisms of PO were investigated in atherosclerotic mice. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice (male,n = 27) were fed high-cholesterol and high-fat diets containing 10 % w/w lard (LD), PO, or sunflower oil (SO) for 10 weeks. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations reduced in the PO and SO groups compared to the concentrations in the LD group (P < 0.05). The PO group showed reduced fatty streak lesion size at the aortic sinus (P < 0.05) compared to the sizes in the LD and SO groups. A morphometric ...
Source: Lipids - September 1, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Scintillation Proximity Assay to Detect the Changes in Cellular Dihydrosphingosine 1-Phosphate Levels
AbstractCompounds that modulate the activity of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-metabolizing enzymes are expected to be potential therapeutic agents for various diseases. Investigation of their potencies requires not only cell-free but also cell-based assays in which intracellular accumulation/depletion of S1P could be monitored. However, conventional methods have limitations to their simplicity, mainly due to the necessity of a separation process that separates S1P from its related substances. Here, we describe a method utilizing a scintillation proximity assay (SPA) for semi-quantifying intracellular [3H]-labeled dihydroS1...
Source: Lipids - September 1, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Compositional Analysis of Wax Esters in Human Meibomian Gland Secretions by Direct Infusion Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
In this study, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was applied to quantify relative amounts of these isomers using the intensities of the corresponding diagnostic ions after appropriate correction and normalization. This data was combined with the previous obtained mole fraction of each isomeric group to total WE in human meibum to determine the corresponding percentage of each isomer. A total of 23 of the most abundant WE peaks of different molecular weights (corresponding to 85.3 % of the total amount of WE) in human meibum were studied and resulted in quantification of 92 WE species. The quantitative information of compo...
Source: Lipids - August 28, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Effects of Lipid Structure Changed by Interesterification on Melting Property and Lipemia
AbstractInteresterification or the randomization reaction changes fatty acid positional distribution and solid fat content of fats, which may consequently affect fat absorption and metabolism. It is well established that saturated fatty acids in thesn-2 position of triacylglycerols (TAG) have better digestibility and lower postprandial chylomicron clearance compared to those in thesn-1,3 positions in animal experiments. TAG structure is also shown to affect fasting lipid level and atherosclerosis in animals, but fat interesterification it has been shown to not affect fasting lipid level in human adults. However, its effect...
Source: Lipids - August 23, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Inhibition of Human Group IIA-Secreted Phospholipase A 2 and THP-1 Monocyte Recruitment by Maslinic Acid
This study aims to determine whether maslinic acid interacts with hGIIA-sPLA2 and inhibits inflammatory response induced by this enzyme. It is shown that maslinic acid enhanced intrinsic fluorescence of hGIIA-sPLA2 and inhibited its enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Molecular docking revealed that maslinic acid binds to calcium binding and interfacial phospholipid binding site, suggesting that it inhibit access of catalytic calcium ion for enzymatic reaction and block binding of the enzyme to membrane phospholipid. The hGIIA-sPLA2 enzyme is also responsible in mediating monocyte recruitment and different...
Source: Lipids - August 18, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Alleviates Acute Inflammation and Promotes Lipid Mobilization During the Inflammatory Response in White Adipose Tissue of Mice
AbstractRecently, white adipose tissue has been shown to exhibit immunological activity, and may play an important role in host defense and protection against bacterial infection. Αlpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) has been demonstrated to function as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent. However, its influence on the inflammatory response and metabolic changes in white adipose tissue remains unknown. We used male C57BL/6 mice as models to study the effect of α-LA on the infl ammatory response and metabolic changes in white adipose tissue after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The non-esterified fatty acid conten...
Source: Lipids - August 15, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Olive Oil-Based Lipid Emulsions Do Not Influence Platelet Receptor Expression in Comparison to Medium and Long Chain Triglycerides In vitro
AbstractLipid emulsions influence platelet aggregation and receptor expression. However, the effect on platelet function is not fully explained. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of the lipids Lipofundin®, Lipidem® and ClinOleic® on surface expressions of P-selectin, GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa on plateletsin vitro. Whole blood was incubated in two different concentrations (0.06 and 0.6 mg/ml) of LCT/MCT, n-3/LCT/MCT and LCT-MUFA for 30 min, followed by activation with TRAP-6 or ADP for flow-cytometric assay. Rates of P-selectin, GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa expression were analyzed. There was a significan...
Source: Lipids - August 11, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Genomic Analysis of Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Very Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Thraustochytrium sp. 26185
AbstractThraustochytrium sp. 26185 is a marine protist that can produce a large amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), an ω3 very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLCPUFA) of nutritional importance. However, the mechanism of how this fatty acid is synthesized and assembled into the storage lipid triacylglycerol is unclear. Here we report sequencing of the whole genome and genomic analysis of genes involved in th e biosynthesis and assembly of the fatty acids in this species. Genome sequencing produced a total of 2,418,734,139 bp clean sequences with about 62 fold genome coverage. Annotation of the genome se...
Source: Lipids - August 10, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Danshensu Promotes Cholesterol Efflux in RAW264.7 Macrophages
We reported on the heretofore unknown therapeutic effect of Danshensu (DSS) in reducing intracellular cholesterol level and unraveled the mechanism of DSS promotes cholesterol efflux. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein stimulation of Raw264.7 cells into foam cells, which were treated with DSS and co-treated with Simvastatin and Rosiglitazone. PPARγ, ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-BI, CD36, and LXR-α mRNA were quantified by Real-Time PCR. Western blotting was used to determine protein expression of PPARγ, ABCA1 and CD36. Cellular cholesterol handling was studied by measurement of intracellular lipid droplets concentration and c holes...
Source: Lipids - August 10, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
