AMPK Prevents Palmitic Acid-Induced Apoptosis and Lipid Accumulation in Cardiomyocytes
AbstractPalmitic acid, a main fatty acid (FA) in human nutrition, can induce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. However, a specific combination of palmitic, myristic and palmitoleic acid (CoFA) has been reported to promote beneficial cardiac growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of CoFA for cardiac growth and to delineate the underlying signaling pathways of CoFA and palmitic acid treatment. CoFA treatment of C57Bl/6 mice increased FA serum concentrations. However, morphologic and echocardiographic analysis did not show myocardial hypertrophy. Cell culture studies using rat ventricular cardiomyocytes rev...
Source: Lipids - August 20, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The Phospholipid Composition of Kangaroo Spermatozoa Verified by Mass Spectrometric Lipid Analysis
AbstractCryopreservation of kangaroo sperm has not been successful so far, and yet there is no promising cryopreservation protocol for these cells available. However, conservation of gametes is extremely important, particularly in the context of preserving endangered species. As spermatozoa are comprised of different membrane systems, the composition of these membranes might account for difficulties in cryopreservation. Lipids, as the main components, affect the physical properties of biological membranes and play a major role in sperm maturation. Therefore, knowledge of the lipid composition is crucial for any further ste...
Source: Lipids - August 11, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Did not Alter trans -10, cis -12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Incorporation into Mice Brain and Eye Lipids
Abstracttrans 10,cis 12-CLA has been reported to alter fatty acid composition in several non-neurological tissues, but its effects are less known in neurological tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if CLA supplementation would alter brain and eye fatty acid composition and if those changes could be prevented by concomitant supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n3). Eight-week-old, pathogen-free C57BL/6N female mice (n = 6/group) were fed either the control diet or diets containing 0.5% (w/w) t10,c12-CLA in the presence or absence of either 1....
Source: Lipids - August 4, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
White Bass ( Morone chrysops ) Preferentially Retain n-3 PUFA in Ova When Fed Prepared Diets with Varying FA Content
AbstractWe evaluated the fatty acid (FA) composition of broodstock white bass ova fed one of six commercial diets with increasing polyunsaturated FA content (n-6/n-3 ratio; 0.36, 0.39, 0.46, 0.83, 1.07, 1.12) eight weeks prior to sampling. Fatty acid profiles of ova from brooders fed each of the six diets were significantly altered according to canonical discriminant analysis. Ova FA profiles resulting from the 0.39 diet separated those from the 0.36 diet based on lower 18:2n-6 (LNA) and higher 20:1n-9 concentrations from the 0.36 diet. Ova profiles were further separated based on lower concentrations of 22:5n-3 (DPA) from...
Source: Lipids - August 3, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Synthesis and Identification of AceDoxyPC, a Protectin-Containing Structured Phospholipid, Using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
AbstractFatty acids have many health benefits in a great variety of diseases ranging from cardiovascular to cerebral diseases. For instance, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is highly enriched in brain phospholipids, plays a major role in anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective pathways. Its effects are thought to be due, in part, to its conversion into derived mediators such as protectins. 1-Lyso,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine (LysoPtdCho-DHA) is one of the physiological carrier of DHA to the brain. We previously synthesized a structured phosphatidylcholine to mimic 1-lyso,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine, n...
Source: Lipids - August 3, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Comprehensive Quantitation Using Two Stable Isotopically Labeled Species and Direct Detection of N -Acyl Moiety of Sphingomyelin
In this study, a qualitative liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC –ESI–MS/MS/MS) analysis is proposed in which CerPCho structures were assigned based on product ion spectra corresponding to sphingosylphosphorylcholine andN-acyl moieties. From MS/MS/MS analysis of CerPCho, we observed product ion spectra of theN-acyl fatty acids as [RCO2]− ions as well as sphingosylphosphorylcholine. A calibration curve for CerPCho was constructed using two stable isotopically labeled CerPCho species and then used to quantify the CerPCho species in HeLa cells as a proof-of-principle study. The pre...
Source: Lipids - August 2, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Stearidonic Acid Mediated by Suppression of NF- κB and MAP-Kinase Pathways in Macrophages
In this study, we determined the anti-inflammatory effects of SDA isolated from echium oil on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages. SDA significantly downregulated the levels of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein, thereby suppressing the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, SDA inhibited the nuclear translocation and promoter activity of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, c-jun N terminal kinase, and p38 in LPS-s...
Source: Lipids - July 25, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Medium-Chain Enriched Diacylglycerol (MCE-DAG) Oil Decreases Body Fat Mass in Mice by Increasing Lipolysis and Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue
This study was conducted to verify the effect of MCE-DAG oil on body fat massin vivo. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12) as follows: (1) normal diet (18% kcal from fat), (2) canola oil as a control (40% kcal from canola oil), (3) MCE-DAG10 (10% kcal from MCE-DAG + 30% kcal from canola oil), and (4) MCE-DAG20 (20% kcal from MCE-DAG + 20% kcal from canola oil). The body weight and fat mass of MCE-DAG20 grou p mice were decreased relative to those of control mice (P < 0.05 andP < 0.001, respectively). Serum triacylglycerol (TAG) was decreased in both MCE-DAG10 and MCE-DAG20 grou...
Source: Lipids - July 13, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Higher Lipophilic Index Indicates Higher Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women
AbstractFatty acids (FAs) are essential components of cell membranes and play an integral role in membrane fluidity. The lipophilic index [LI, defined as the sum of the products between FA levels and melting points ( °C), divided by the total amount of FA:\({\text{LI}} = \frac{{\mathop \sum \nolimits_{k} [{\text{fatty acid}} \times {\text{melting point}}]}}{{\mathop \sum \nolimits_{k} {\text{fatty acid}} }}\)] is thought to reflect membrane and lipoprotein fluidity and may be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, we examined the associations of dietary and plasma phospholipid (PL) LI with CH...
Source: Lipids - July 8, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipid transfers to HDL are diminished in long-term bedridden patients: association with low HDL-cholesterol and increased inflammatory markers
In conclusion, inactivity had great impact on HDL, by lowering HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I and thereby cholesterol transfers to the lipoprotein, which suggests that inactivity may deteriorate HDL protection beyond the ordinary sedentary condition. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - June 28, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Inhibition of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Synthesis Decreases Growth Rate and Membrane Fluidity of Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae at Low Temperature
AbstractThe intention of this study was to investigate the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the cold adaptation ofRhodosporidium kratochvilovae YM25235 by knockout of the Δ12/ Δ15-fatty acid desaturase gene (RKD12) to inactivate Δ12/ Δ15-fatty acid desaturase. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was used to detect the genomic structure ofRKD12 gene in YM25235. TheRKD12 gene was knocked out by DNA homologous recombination to inhibit the biosynthesis of PUFA. Then, the contents of linoleic acid (LNA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) after gene knockout were investigated using a gas chromatography-mass s...
Source: Lipids - June 28, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Assessment of the Validity and Reproducibility of a Novel Standardized Test Meal for the Study of Postprandial Triacylglycerol Concentrations
We examined agreement, precision, and accuracy between the two visits using the Altman plots and correlation coefficient. Reproducibility was tested using the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) as a summary measure of the overall postprandial TAG levels was calculated. The agreement, precision (r ≥ 0.74,p < 0.001), and accuracy (≥0.99) between the measurements in plasma TAG during Lipotest® testing in the two visits were high. In terms of reproducibility, the values of CV were 15.59 –23.83% while those of ICC were ≥0.75. The ...
Source: Lipids - June 26, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Differential Interaction of Myoglobin with Select Fatty Acids of Carbon Chain Lengths C8 to C16
AbstractPrevious studies have shown that palmitic acid (PAM) and oleic acid (OLE) can bind myoglobin (Mb). How fatty acids (FA) with different carbon chain lengths and sulfate substitution interact with Mb remains uncertain. Indeed, C8:0 and C10:0 fatty acids do not perturb the intensities of the1H-NMR MbCN signal intensity at FA:Mb ratios below 2:1. Starting with C12:0, C12:0-C16:0, FA induce a noticeable spectral change. C12:0 and C14:0 FA affect both the 5- and 8-heme methyl signals, whereas the C16:0 FA perturbs only the 8-heme methyl signal. All C12:0 –C16:0 saturated FA induce upfield shifts in the –CH2 peak of d...
Source: Lipids - June 21, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Oxidation of C18 Hydroxy-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Epoxide or Ketone by Catalase-Related Hemoproteins Activated with Iodosylbenzene
AbstractSmall catalase-related hemoproteins with a facility to react with fatty acid hydroperoxides were examined for their potential mono-oxygenase activity when activated using iodosylbenzene. The proteins tested were aFusarium graminearum 41 kD catalase hemoprotein (Fg-cat, gene FGSG_02217), aPseudomonas fluorescens Pfl01 catalase (37.5 kD, accession number WP_011333788.1), and aMycobacterium avium ssp.paratuberculosis 33 kD catalase (gene MAP-2744c). 13-Hydroxy-octadecenoic acids (which are normally unreactive) were selected as substrates because these enzymes react specifically with the corresponding 13S-hydrope...
Source: Lipids - June 19, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipids of the Tail Gland, Body and Muzzle Fur of the Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes
AbstractThe tail gland of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) secretes lipids containing volatile terpenes used in social communication. We have analysed lipids extracted from fur of the tail gland, body (flanks) and muzzle of foxes. GC –MS showed a novel group ofiso-valerate and tiglate monoesters of alkane-1,2-diols (C18:0 –22:0). There was also a larger group of Type II diesters in which a second, longer chain, fatty acid (FA) was attached to the free alcohol group. LC–MS showed the full range of diol diesters, mostly C36:0–50:0, with smaller amounts of the corresponding mono-unsaturated tiglate esters. An addi tional g...
Source: Lipids - June 19, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
