U18666A Treatment Results in Cholesterol Accumulation, Reduced Na + , K + -ATPase Activity, and Increased Oxidative Stress in Rat Cortical Astrocytes
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of U18666A, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis and its intracellular transport, on oxidative stress parameters in cortical astrocytes cultured from Wistar rats (0–3 days old). The cultures were incubated with U18666A (0.25 µg/mL) for 48 h, conditions that are considered ideal to mimic Niemann–Pick type C disease. A variety of indicators of oxidative stress were measured. U18666A treatment increased cholesterol 2-fold in treated compared to control astrocytes. Oxidative stress was significantly elevated in treated cells as demonstrated by a 1.7-fold increase...
Source: Lipids - September 7, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The (5 Z )-5-Pentacosenoic and 5-Pentacosynoic Acids Inhibit the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase
Abstract
The natural fatty acids (5Z)-5-pentacosenoic and (9Z)-9-pentacosenoic acids were synthesized for the first time in eight steps starting from either 4-bromo-1-butanol or 8-bromo-1-butanol and in 20–58 % overall yields, while the novel fatty acids 5-pentacosynoic and 9-pentacosynoic acids were also synthesized in six steps and in 34–43 % overall yields. The ∆5 acids displayed the best IC50’s (24–38 µM) against the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme, comparable to nervonic acid (IC50 = 12 µM). The ∆9 acids were not as effective towards HIV-RT with the (9Z)-9-pentacosenoic ac...
Source: Lipids - September 7, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
High-Fat Diet Alters Serum Fatty Acid Profiles in Obesity Prone Rats: Implications for In Vitro Studies
In conclusion, fatty acid mixtures enriched with linoleic and arachidonic acid in addition to SFA and MUFA should be utilized for in vitro studies attempting to model lipid exposures that occur during in vivo HFD conditions. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - August 28, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Abnormalities in Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to profile the possible changes in plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition of HCC patients, and to identify the fatty acid biomarkers that could distinguish HCC patients from healthy controls. A total of 37 plasma samples from healthy controls and HCC patients were collected and their phospholipid fatty acid profiles were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry followed by multivariate statistical analysis. Twenty-five fatty acids were identified and...
Source: Lipids - August 21, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Fucoxanthin Enhances Chain Elongation and Desaturation of Alpha-Linolenic Acid in HepG2 Cells
We examined the effect of FX on the fatty acid metabolism in HepG2 cells (Hepatocellular carcinoma, human). In the first experiment, cells were co-treated with ALA (100 μM) and FX (0–100 μM) or vehicle for 48 h. FX increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3), DHA at concentrations of ≥50 μM. To clarify the change in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), in the second experiment, cells were co-treated with universally-[13C]-labeled (U-[13C]-) ALA (100 μM) and FX (100 μM) for 0.5, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h. [13C] labeled-EPA, DPA and DHA content in HepG2 cells w...
Source: Lipids - August 14, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Protective Effect of Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Palmitic Acid-Induced Toxicity in Skeletal Muscle Cells is not Mediated by PPARδ Activation
Abstract
Unsaturated free fatty acids (FFA) are able to prevent deleterious effects of saturated FFA in skeletal muscle cells although the mechanisms involved are still not completely understood. FFA act as endogenous ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), transcription factors regulating the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether activation of PPARδ, the most common PPAR subtype in skeletal muscle, plays a role in mediating the protective effect of unsaturated FFA on saturated FFA-induced damage in skeletal muscle cells an...
Source: Lipids - August 9, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Fatty Acid and Lipid Profiles with Emphasis on n-3 Fatty Acids and Phospholipids from Ciona intestinalis
Abstract
In order to establish Ciona intestinalis as a new bioresource for n-3 fatty acids-rich marine lipids, the animal was fractionated into tunic and inner body tissues prior to lipid extraction. The lipids obtained were further classified into neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL) and phospholipids (PL) followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis using GC-FID, GC–MS, 1H NMR, 2D NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS and LC–ESI–MS methods. It was found that the tunic and inner body tissues contained 3.42–4.08 % and 15.9–23.4 % of lipids respectively. PL was the dominant lipid class (42–60 %) irrespect...
Source: Lipids - August 2, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Microwave Energy Increases Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Yield in Human Whole Blood Due to Increased Sphingomyelin Transesterification
In conclusion, microwave-assisted direct transesterification of DBS achieved in as little as 1-min, and 5-min reaction times increase total fatty acids primarily by significantly improving sphingomyelin-derived fatty acid yield. (Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - August 2, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Modulation of the Expression of Components of the Stress Response by Dietary Arachidonic Acid in European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) Larvae
This study reports for the first time on European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), larvae, the effect of different levels of dietary arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) on the expression of genes related to the fish stress response. Copies of mRNA from genes related to steroidogenesis [StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein), c-Fos, and CYP11β (11β-hydroxylase gene)], glucocorticoid receptor complex [GR (glucocorticoid receptor) and HSP (heat shock proteins) 70 and 90) and antioxidative stress (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase] were quantified. Eighteen day-old larvae were fed ...
Source: Lipids - August 2, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Mass Spectrometric Confirmation of γ -Linolenic Acid Ester-Linked Ceramide 1 in the Epidermis of Borage Oil Fed Guinea Pigs
Abstract
Ceramide 1 (Cer1), a Cer species with eicosasphingenine (d20:1) amide-linked to two different ω-hydroxy fatty acids (C30wh:0:C32wh:1), which are, in turn, ester-linked to linoleic acid (LNA; 18:2n-6), plays a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of the epidermal barrier. Prompted by the recovery of a disrupted epidermal barrier with dietary borage oil [BO: 36.5 % LNA and 23.5 % γ-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n-6)], in essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient guinea pigs, we further investigated the effects of BO on the substitution of ester-linked GLA for LNA in these two epidermal C...
Source: Lipids - August 2, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Milk Phospholipids Enhance Lymphatic Absorption of Dietary Sphingomyelin in Lymph-Cannulated Rats
This study was designed to identify molecular species of ceramide in rat lymph after the ingestion of milk sphingomyelin, and to compare the effect of purified sphingomyelin with milk phospholipids concentrate (MPL, 185 mg sphingomyelin/g) on lymphatic absorption of milk sphingomyelin. Lymph was collected hourly for 6 h from lymph-cannulated rats (n = 8/group) after the administration of a control emulsion (triolein, bovine serum albumin, and sodium taurocholate), a sphingomyelin emulsion (control + purified sphingomyelin), or a MPL emulsion (control + MPL). Molecular species of ceramide in lymph were analyzed usin...
Source: Lipids - August 2, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
“Maternal High-Fat-Diet Programs Rat Offspring Liver Fatty Acid Metabolism”: Might Reduced Vitamin D Availability Due to Increases in Maternal Body Fat Contribute to This Effect?
(Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - July 30, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Purification and Characterization of a Lipase with High Thermostability and Polar Organic Solvent-Tolerance from Aspergillus niger AN0512
Abstract
An extracellular lipase (EC 3.1.1.3, AN0512Lip) from Aspergillus niger AN0512 was purified and its characteristics were investigated. After the process of ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, the purified lipase was achieved with 203.6-fold purification and 22.1 % recovery. AN0512Lip exhibited the highest activity at 50 °C and pH 5.0. It was thermostable and pH-stable, as indicated by that more than 50 % activity retained at 60 °C for 20 h and more than 90 % activity retained at pH 3.0 for 20 h, respectively. AN0512Lip activity was st...
Source: Lipids - July 28, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Natural Rumen-Derived trans Fatty Acids Are Associated with Metabolic Markers of Cardiac Health
The objective of this article was to determine if the plasma phospholipid percentage of rTFA is associated with a favorable cardiometabolic profile. We collected fasting blood samples from 200 individuals from Quebec city (QC, Canada) aged from 18 to 55 years old, including 100 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg m−2) and 100 non-obese (BMI < 30 kg m−2) men and women. Fatty acid levels in plasma phospholipids were determined using gas chromatography. After separating the subjects into two groups, according to the median percentage of rTFA in plasma phospholipids, participants in the group with higher percentages of rTFA (...
Source: Lipids - July 26, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
2014 G.J. Schroepfer Jr. Memorial AOCS Sterol Symposium: Recent Advances in Sterol Research
(Source: Lipids)
Source: Lipids - July 26, 2015 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
